999 resultados para Princípios do conceito de Bobath
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de aumentar o período de oferta do caqui 'Fuyu' e buscar alternativas à falta de opções para estimular a brotação, avaliando-se épocas e diferentes princípios ativos na quebra de dormência dos frutos. Os tratamentos testados foram: óleo mineral (OM), cianamida hidrogenada (CH) e a mistura de macro e micronutrientes, em três épocas de aplicação, constituindo-se esquema fatorial com 5 tratamentos e 3 épocas de aplicação. Os tratamentos testados foram: T1-testemunha; T2- 0,5 % OM; T3-: 2 % CH + 0,5 % OM; T4- 1 % micronutrientes + 0,2 % macronutrientes + 0,5 % OM; T5- 2 % micronutrientes + 0,2 % macronutrientes + 0,5 % OM. Avaliaram-se o número de brotos por ramo, a porcentagem de gemas brotadas e o número de ramos com broto, o número e a produção de frutos por planta. A antecipação da época de quebra de dormência provocou a diminuição do número de frutos produzidos na região centro-sul do Paraná. A produção de frutos foi diretamente proporcional à porcentagem de gemas brotadas no primeiro surto de brotação. A aplicação de cianamida hidrogenada promoveu antecipação da brotação e aumento na produção de frutos de caquizeiro; no entanto, a mistura de micronutrientes e óleo mineral não influenciou na brotação e produção de frutos de caquizeiro.
Integrando ferramentas de auxílio ao diagnóstico no sistema de arquivamento e comunicação de imagens
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OBJETIVO: Este artigo apresenta um modelo de integração de algoritmos de diagnóstico auxiliado por computador dentro do fluxo de trabalho dos sistemas de gerenciamento de imagens, desenvolvido com base em um conjunto de ferramentas computacionais de código aberto e uso livre chamado dcm4che2. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O modelo de integração é composto por um servidor de processamento de imagens e por serviços de comunicação. O gerenciamento de dados segue o fluxo de trabalho definido pelo perfil de pós-processamento (PWF) do Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) e utiliza a funcionalidade de captura secundária do DICOM. Uma aplicação para lesões difusas de pulmão foi utilizada para prova de conceito. RESULTADOS: O algoritmo de classificação de padrões apresentou acurácia de 78%, com base em um método de teste de validação cruzada. A integração possibilita a visualização das imagens processadas como uma nova série dentro do estudo original. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de integração proposto baseiase em perfis do IHE e permite o estabelecimento de procedimentos padronizados. Os princípios utilizados para integração do fluxo de trabalho são aplicáveis para qualquer tarefa não interativa de pós-processamento de imagens.
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Novas técnicas de exames têm sido desenvolvidas com o objetivo de se obter não apenas uma avaliação estrutural, mas também uma análise funcional e metabólica de diversos órgãos e tipos de lesões. Entre estas ferramentas, a perfusão por tomografia computadorizada (PTC) tem despertado o interesse de muitos pesquisadores em estudar a sua aplicabilidade em órgãos e doenças abdominais. Entre estas aplicações podemos citar a avaliação do comportamento biológico de tecidos sadios e doentes, a diferenciação de processos inflamatórios de tumorais e o diagnóstico da recidiva tumoral após terapêuticas minimamente invasivas. A principal característica da PTC reside na sua capacidade de caracterizar comportamentos perfusionais distintos e que traduzem alterações biológicas de determinadas lesões e tecidos doentes. Dessa forma, o nosso objetivo foi realizar uma ampla revisão da literatura, mostrando as principais técnicas e protocolos utilizados nos exames de PTC, as principais indicações, vantagens e desvantagens do método, além de propor um protocolo de exame que possa ser introduzido na rede privada e pública de saúde, com reprodutibilidade e simplicidade de implementação.
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Paracelsus (1493 - 1541) developed a theory about three principles (sulphur, mercury, and salt) that would constitute matter, and whose mutual interactions within man's body could cause diseases. This paper discusses the influence of this theory on the work of two chemical philosophers. Oswald Crollius (1560 - 1609) considered that the conceptions of matter and disease were strongly related because of the macro - microcosm analogy, and classified diseases in sulphurean, mercurial and saline. On the other hand, J. B. Van Helmont (1579 - 1644) stated that sulphur, mercury, and salt were not true principles, and that every disease would have a specific origin. Instead of the principles, Van Helmont put the Archeus at the center of both his medical and matter theories.
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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been designated as a promising new modality in the treatment of cancer and other diseases since the early 1980s. It has been used with success for the treatment of a variety of tumours, and attempts are being made to extend this treatment modality to other clinical conditions (as example, the inactivation of viruses in blood and blood components). This can be partly attributed to the very attractive basic concept of PDT: the combination of a photosensitizing drug and light, which are relatively harmless by themselves but combined (in the presence of oxygen) ultimately cause more or less selective tumour destruction.
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The word gas was coined by the "chemical philosopher" Joan Baptista Van Helmont (1579 -- 1644) to name a very broad concept in his chemico-medical system. Eventually, some physicians who followed Helmontian ideas adopted the concept. The present paper aims to analyze the reception of the original idea of gas by an English Helmontian physician, George Thomson (1619 -- 1677). Thomson wrote that the "material cause" of the plague was a gas, and compared it to the "Gas of sulphur". He also related the human archeus to a gas, and explained some observations in the laboratory in terms of production of gases. We observe, however, that Thomson was not as interested as Van Helmont in discussing details about the structure of the matter. Thus, gas did not have the same relevance in Thomson's work as it had in Van Helmont's.
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The implementation of a quality assurance program in chemical analytical laboratories, that can aid in demonstrate the quality of their results, is an issue of great concern. As a consequence, it is mandatory to give an estimate of the confidence that can be placed on the obtained results. An useful measure of this confidence is the measurement uncertainty and, nowadays, a result without the corresponding uncertainty statement cannot be considered reliable. This paper presents a summary of the most important mechanisms for the evaluation and reporting of the measurement uncertainty. In implementing these principles, it is described the measurement uncertainty estimation associated with the preparation of a uranium elemental reference solution at 2.4 mg.kg-1 from the corresponding certified reference material (in this example at 1003 mg.kg-1).
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Green chemistry ¾ defined as the design, development, and application of chemical processes and products to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment. This article summarizes the 12 principles of green chemistry, describing how they have been applied to the academic, industrial and research activities around the world.
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This paper focuses on the early interpretations of the concept of gas, originally created by J. B. Van Helmont (1579 ¾ 1644). Our main interest is on the ideas of English physicians and chemical philosophers of the seventeenth century. Gas was usually associated with the material cause of diseases, with the vital spirit, or with a volatile spirit produced in some kinds of material transformations. As a general trend, however, the authors who did not want to embrace the details of the medico-chemical system proposed by Van Helmont preferred to use more well-known words (such as vapours, exhalations, effluvia, odours, spirits), avoiding the use of the neologism.
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In this paper, the atom economy concepts are applied in a series of experiments during an experimental organic chemistry class, to implement "green chemistry" in an undergraduate course.
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This review begins with a brief discussion of the biological importance and chemical features of peptides. A description of the existing synthetic methods follows with emphasis on the basic aspects of the chemical and enzymatic syntheses. Techniques used to purify and characterize the synthesized peptides are also discussed. Finally, a few applications of the final products in chemistry, biochemistry, immunology and medicine are presented, such as identification and quantification of naturally occurring peptides, inspection of structure-activity relationships, therapeutics, development and/or improvement of analytical techniques and search for new vaccines.
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The purpose of this paper is the development of simple strategies to teach basic concepts of atomic spectrometry. Metals present in samples found in the daily lives of students are determined by flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES). FAES is an accurate, precise, and inexpensive analytical method often used for determining sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium. Historical aspects and their contextualization for students are also presented and experiments with samples that do not require pre-treatment are described.
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Physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis is a non-invasive technique in which a weak electric current is used to enhance the penetration of molecules into or through the skin. In this review the underlying mechanisms that drive iontophoresis and the impact of key experimental parameters - namely, formulation, drug concentration and pH - on iontophoretic delivery efficiency are discussed. In the final section some devices that are currently commercialized are also described.
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A flow injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations is described. It is based on the consumption of the sodium hypochlorite by paracetamol and decreases of the analytical signal. The analytical curve was linear in the paracetamol concentration range from 5.0 x 10-6 to 5.0 x 10-5 mol L-1, with a detection limit of 1.8 x 10-6 mol L-1. The RSDs were 2.0 and 1.2% respectively for 2.0 x 10-5 and 4.0 x 10-5 mol L-1 paracetamol solutions (n = 10) and a sampling frequency of 180 h-1 was obtained.
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In this paper the evolution of the concept of aromaticity is discussed. It considers not only historical aspects of the aromaticity concept but also the different criteria (theoretical and experimental) that have appeared to explain the properties of the aromatic compounds. The topics range from the isolation of benzene by Faraday (1825) until the modern criteria based on geometries, magnetic properties, resonance energy (RE), aromatic stabilization energy (ASE), topological analyses, and others. A chronological separation of issues concerning aromaticity was made, splitting the definitions before and after the appearance of the quantum chemistry. This work reviews the concept of aromaticity.