999 resultados para Peixe de agua doce - Habitat
Resumo:
Eucalyptus Shoot Blight in the Vale do Rio Doce (ESBVRD) is an anomaly that leads to reduced growth and, in more extreme cases, to death of eucalyptus plants. Initially diagnosed in plantations in the region of the Vale do Rio Doce, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, this problem has also been found in plantations in other regions of the country and even in other countries. Although the symptoms of this anomaly are well-known, its causes are not yet understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cause-effect relationship between accumulation of manganese (Mn) in eucalyptus clones and ESBVRD. Characterization of the environment in areas of greater occurrence of this problem in regard to soil, climate and fluctuation of the water table was undertaken in eucalyptus plantations of the Celulose Nipo-brasileira S.A. (Cenibra) company in the region of the Vale do Rio Doce. Plant tissues were sampled in two situations. In the first situation, diagnosis occurred in the initial phase of the anomaly in clones with differentiated tolerance to the problem; in the second situation, diagnosis was made in a single clone, considered to be sensitive, in two time periods - in the phase with the strong presence of symptoms and in the recovery phase, in areas of occurrence and in areas of escape from the problem. The most ESBVRD-sensitive clone showed much higher (4.8 times higher) leaf Mn contents than more tolerant clones. In plants with the anomaly, Mn leaf contents were greater than 3,070 mg kg-1, much greater than the quantity found in those without the anomaly (734 mg kg-1). In the period in which the symptoms began to wane, there was a sharp decline in leaf Mn contents, from 2,194 to 847 mg kg-1. Manganese content in the above ground part and plant litter (44.4 g ha-1) in the area of occurrence of the anomaly was three times greater than that found in these same components (14.1 g ha-1) in the area of absence of the symptom. Based on the evidence found, such as the existence of environmental conditions favorable to high Mn availability to the plants in the areas of greatest incidence of ESBVRD, greater uptake of Mn in sensitive clones and in plants with symptoms, and a synchronism between the intensity of symptoms of ESBVRD and leaf Mn contents, it may be inferred that temporary excess of Mn in eucalyptus plants is closely related to ESBVRD.
Resumo:
(1) The common shrew Sorex araneus and Millet's shrew S. coronatus are sibling species.They are morphologically and genetically very similar but do not hybridize. Their parapatric distribution throughout south-western Europe, with a few narrow zones of distributional overlap, suggests that they are in competitive parapatry. (2) Two of these contact zones were studied; there was evidence of coexistence over periods of 2 years as well as habitat segregation. In both zones, the species segregated on litter thickness and humidity variables. (3) A simple analysis of spatial distribution showed that habitats visible in the field corresponded to the habitats selected by the species. Habitat selection was found throughout the annual life-cycle of the shrews. (4) In one contact zone, a removal experiment was performed to test whether habitat segregation is induced by interspecific interactions. The experiment showed that the species select habitats differentially when both are present and abandon habitat selection when their competitor is removed. (5) These results confirm the role of resource partitioning in promoting narrow rangesof distributional overlap between such parapatric species and qualitatively support the prediction of habitat selection theory that, in a two-species system, coexistence may be achieved by differential habitat selection to avoid competition. The results also support the view that the common shrew and Millet's shrew are in competitive parapatry.
Resumo:
La constatación del uso sistemático de instrumentos por los chimpancés en su habitat natural ha planteado el problema de la aplicación del término cultura a un primate no humano. Una de las características de la cultura es la aparición de variantes conductuales en grupos separados. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar, con los datos disponibles en la actualidad, la hipótesis formulada por Sabater Pi (1974b) de que existen tres zonas culturales en los chimpancés e intentar identificar el origen ecológico y/o social de estas diferencias.
Resumo:
A amizade como um tema filosófico importante aparece de forma pontual nos últimos textos de Foucault, em especial no curso A hermenêutica do sujeito e em entrevistas. Pensar nos dias de hoje em conceitos como ascese ou amizade é um dos grandes desafios legados por Foucault. Para o filósofo, a amizade seria a reabilitação da estética da existência para o presente. Esse tema ainda é pouco explorado pelos estudos da obra foucaultiana, e menos ainda no campo da educação. Neste artigo, trago essas questões para o debate sobre formação docente, apresentando algumas das discussões desenvolvidas em pesquisa com um grupo de professoras de Arte na educação básica da região de Santa Cruz do Sul (RS). Problematizo a possibilidade de invenção-artista no processo de formação docente, vendo-a como uma ação necessariamente compartilhada, que ocorre na relação com os outros. Recupero para essa discussão a teorização de Michel Foucault sobre as práticas de si, que não se dissociam das relações intersubjetivas. Algumas perguntas, inspiradas pelas problematizações foucaultianas, são preocupações deste trabalho: O que podemos esperar da escola como locus de formação, ou da universidade como propulsora da formação docente? Que docência pode emergir de grupos de formação, de redes de amizade?
Resumo:
Capsule Habitat parameters associated with 706 Barn Owl (Tyto alba) nesting boxes in Israel were analysed. Pairs bred in 259 of the boxes. The intensity of agricultural practices at nestbox sites were shown to have only a weak effect on aspects of Barn Owl breeding in this region.
Resumo:
ALEEM (1961) propone el nombre de Spirogyra salina nov. 6p. para una zignemal de agua salobre que describe, observada en lagunas litorales del Mediodía francés, y sobre la cual el propio autor, sólo o en colaboración con el Prof. G. PETIT, había publicado con anterioridad diversas observaciones ecológicas (ALEEM, 1952; PETIT & ALEEM, 1952)...
Resumo:
The diverse vertebrate remains from the Upper Cretaceous freshwater settings at Iharkut, Hungary, contain two fossil groups, Pycnodontiformes fish and Mosasauridae that are almost exclusively known from marine palaeo-environments. Hence, their appearance in alluvial sediments is very unusual. Trace element and isotope compositions of the remains have been analyzed to investigate the taphonomy and the ecological differences among the different fossil groups present at Iharkut. All examined fossils have undergone post-depositional diagenetic alteration, which resulted in high concentrations of REE, U, and Fe, together with almost complete homogenization of delta(18)O(CO3) values. Similar REE patterns in different fossils suggest a common origin for all remains, hence the discovered species most likely lived in the same local ecosystem. Despite partial diagenetic overprinting, the delta(18)O(PO4) values of the fossils indicate sufficient taxon-specific isotopic diversity to permit some broad conclusions on the palaeo-environment of the fossils. In particular, it is apparent that the isotopic composition of the Pycnodontiformes fish and Mosasauridae remains is most compatible with a freshwater palaeo-habitat and incompatible with a marine palaeo-environment. In addition, the Sr concentration and isotope data indicate that the Pycnodontiformes and Mosasauridae likely lived predominantly in a freshwater environment and were not simply occasional visitors to the Iharkut river ecosystem. Regarding other fossil groups, high delta(18)O(PO4) values of Alligatoroidea and Iharkutosuchus teeth suggest that these small crocodile species might have inhabited swamps and ponds where the water was relatively rich in (18)O due to evaporation. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones comerciais de batata-doce para a região do Triângulo Mineiro. Dos clones avaliados, 60 foram obtidos por policruzamentos e cedidos pela Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), três, entre produtores rurais dos municípios de Araguari, Uberlândia e Machado, todos do Estado de Minas Gerais, e outros nove foram usados como testemunhas (Brazlândia Branca, Brazlândia Rosada, Surpresa, Rio Doce, Morena Roxa, Coquinho, Arroba, Pira 1 e o Clone 042). O experimento foi instalado no espaçamento de 1,10 x 0,45 m, utilizando-se o delineamento blocos casualizados, com 72 tratamentos, quatro repetições e 16 plantas por parcela. Entre os clones avaliados 32,8% apresentaram alta ou moderada resistência a insetos de solo. O clone 95041 foi o mais produtivo, com 28.048,96 kg/ha. Os clones 95009, 95010, 95014, 95020, 95033, 95042 e 95057 foram altamente resistentes a insetos de solo.
Resumo:
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade dos frutos do maracujazeiro doce e ácido nas condições de cerrado de Brasília, DF, por meio de características físico-químicas, de acordo com a época de produção e do estádio de maturação dos frutos. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2x2, com cinco repetições e três subamostras dentro de cada repetição. Foram feitas avaliações de acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e açúcares não-redutores. O maracujá-ácido apresentou atributos de qualidade para consumo in natura e para a indústria nas duas épocas e nos dois estádios de maturação, enquanto o maracujá-doce apresentou maior teor de açúcares no período mais frio. A antecipação da colheita de frutos em até quatro dias no maracujá-doce, e em até oito dias no maracujá-ácido não comprometem a qualidade, o que possibilita maior prazo para a comercialização e menores riscos de perdas dos frutos.
Resumo:
Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus, is a threatened species in central Europe, and Swiss populations declined 40 to 50 % between 1970 and 1985. Capercaillie are sensitive to forest structure, and loss of habitat is a major cause of their decline. Knowledge of habitat characteristics is therefore essential for capercaillie conservation. Here, we present models predicting capercaillie probability of occurrence, based on relevant structural habitat variables. Models were built using multiple logistic regression analyses on capercaillie presence/absence data. Vegetation survey was carried out in July 1999 in a 170-km2 forested area (Jura mountains, canton de Vaud, western Switzerland) inhabited by capercaillie and presence/absence of the species was assessed according to dropping presence/absence. The survey was based on 10-m-radius sample plots each in a 1-km2 forest patch (n = 76 with capercaillie droppings, n = 80 without). A first model included seven out of 27 measured habitat variables and a second model only four. The latter model best represents practical needs. It includes three variables which had a negative impact on capercaillie presence: tree and shrub covers and spruce, Picea excelsa, shrub cover, and one which had a positive effect: bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, cover, highlighting that capaercaillie selected open forest with high bilberry abundance. The model can be used to map potential capercaillie habitat distribution and to manage the habitat in favour of capercaillie (protection and adapted forestry practices) in the Swiss Jura mountains.
Resumo:
Most non-grazed Iowa woodlands and surrounding openings are excellent habitat for a variety of birds and animals if there is a diversity of over story tree species and understory vegetation. As vegetative structures of woodlands change over time, the diversity of the woodland will change, and some species of birds and animals will benefit more then others. To optimize habitat development for the wildest range of bird and animal species, concentrate on maintaining as much vegetative diversity in the woodland as possible. To make improvement for individual species, the special needs of those species will have to be met by targeting precise woodland activities in specific areas.
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as curvas de dessorção das sementes de milho-doce (Zea mays L.), cultivares Superdoce e Doce Cristal, e ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados obtidos. As sementes das duas cultivares foram submetidas à dessorção em diversos níveis de temperatura (30, 40, 50 e 60°C), combinados com diferentes umidades relativas do ar (30, 40, 50 e 60%), até atingirem a umidade de equilíbrio. Os seguintes modelos matemáticos foram ajustados por análise de regressão: Henderson-Thompson, Chung-Pfost, Copace, Sigma-Copace, Sabbah e Smith. As sementes das duas cultivares apresentaram umidades de equilíbrio higroscópico semelhantes. Os valores da variância explicada e do desvio-padrão, bem como a distribuição dos resíduos, das duas cultivares, indicam que as equações de Chung-Pfost, Sabbah e Smith foram as que melhor se ajustaram aos dados experimentais, com pequena superioridade da primeira.
Resumo:
(1) The common shrew Sorex araneus and Millet's shrew S. coronatusare sibling species.They are morphologically and genetically very similar but do not hybridize.Their parapatric distribution throughout south-western Europe, with a few narrow zones of distributional overlap, suggests that they are in competitive parapatry. (2) Two of these contact zones were studied; there was evidence of coexistence over periods of 2 years as well as habitat segregation. In both zones, the species segregated on litter thickness and humidity variables. (3) A simple analysis of spatial distribution showed that habitats visible in the field corresponded to the habitats selected by the species. Habitat selection was found throughout the annual life-cycle of the shrews. (4) In one contact zone, a removal experiment was performed to test whether habitat segregation is induced by interspecific interactions. The experiment showed that the species select habitats differentially when both are present and abandon habitat selection when their competitor removed. (5)These results confirm the role of resource partitioning in promoting narrow ranges of distributional overlap between such parapatric species and qualitatively support the prediction of habitat selection theory that, in a two-species system, coexistence may be achieved by differential habitat selection to avoid competition. The results also support the view that the common shrew and Millet's shrew are in competitive parapatry.
Resumo:
A coleção de germoplasma de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.), mantida pela Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Hortaliças, foi reunida por meio de expedições de coleta e pela duplicação da coleção anteriormente mantida pela Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e analisar a variabilidade morfológica mantida nessa coleção. Foram avaliados 324 acessos nativos de batata-doce, utilizando-se 25 características morfológicas. Foi possível identificar 256 tipos morfológicos, sendo 223 acessos com morfologia única e 33 grupos de acessos morfologicamente duplicados. Cerca de 20% da coleção consistia de duplicações. Com base na estimativa da diversidade fenotípica mantida na coleção de cada descritor utilizado, considerou-se que a coleção apresenta um nível de polimorfismo alto. Os resultados obtidos foram discutidos em termos de sua utilização na organização da coleção, no planejamento da coleção in vitro dos campos de produção de sementes botânicas e das atividades de caracterização molecular, e no gerenciamento deste recurso genético em âmbito nacional.