Sistema colaborativo de detección y seguimiento de anomalías mediante visión por computador

En este proyecto se realiza el diseño e implementación de un sistema que detecta anomalías en las entradas de entornos controlados. Para ello, se hace uso de las últimas técnicas en visión por computador y se avisa visual y auditivamente, mediante un sistema hardware que recibe señales del ordenador al que está conectado. Se marca y fotografía, a una o varias personas, que cometen una infracción en las entradas de un establecimiento, vigilado con sistemas de vídeo. Las imágenes se almacenan en las carpetas correspondientes. El sistema diseñado es colaborativo, por lo tanto, las cámaras que intervienen, se comunican entre ellas a través de estructuras de datos con el objetivo de intercambiar información. Además, se utiliza conexión inalámbrica desde un dispositivo móvil para obtener una visión global del entorno desde cualquier lugar del mundo. La aplicación se desarrolla en el entorno MATLAB, que permite un tratamiento de la señal de imagen apropiado para el presente proyecto. Asimismo, se proporciona al usuario una interfaz gráfica con la que interactuar de manera sencilla, evitando así, el cambio de parámetros en la estructura interna del programa cuando se quiere variar el entorno o el tipo de adquisición de datos. El lenguaje que se escoge facilita la ejecución en distintos sistemas operativos, incluyendo Windows o iOS y, de esta manera, se proporciona flexibilidad. ABSTRACT. This project studies the design and implementation of a system that detects any anomalies on the entrances to controlled environments. To this end, it is necessary the use of last techniques in computer vision in order to notify visually and aurally, by a hardware system which receives signs from the computer it is connected to. One or more people that commit an infringement while entering into a secured environment, with video systems, are marked and photographed and those images are stored in their belonging file folder. This is a collaborative design system, therefore, every involved camera communicates among themselves through data structures with the purpose of exchanging information. Furthermore, to obtain a global environment vision from any place in the world it uses a mobile wireless connection. The application is developed in MATLAB environment because it allows an appropriate treatment of the image signal for this project. In addition, the user is given a graphical interface to easily interact, avoiding with this, changing any parameters on the program’s intern structure, when it requires modifying the environment or the data type acquisition. The chosen language eases its execution in different operating systems, including Windows or iOS, providing flexibility.

O BOCA A BOCA ON-LINE: AS IMPLICAÇÕES DA VOZ DO CONSUMIDOR NA COMUNICAÇÃO DE MERCADO

O consumidor contemporâneo, inserido em um novo ambiente de comunicação, potencializa suas expressões, capaz de avaliar uma marca ou produto e transmitir sua opinião pelas redes sociais, ou seja, o consumidor expressa suas opiniões e desejos dialogando com seus pares de forma espontânea nas redes sociais on-line. É neste ambiente de participação e interação (ciberespaço) que está nosso objeto de estudo, o boca a boca on-line – a voz do consumidor contemporâneo, também conhecido como uma manifestação informativa pessoal ou uma conversa, a opinion sharing. Proporcionado pelos consumidores nas redes sociais on-line, o boca a boca se fortalece em função das possibilidades de interação, característica da sociedade em rede. Nesse cenário, oobjetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar o boca a boca on-line como um novo fluxo comunicacional entre consumidores, hoje potencializado pelas novas tecnologias da comunicação, capazes de alterar a percepção da marca e demonstrar o uso, pelas marcas, das redes sociais on-line ainda como um ambiente de comunicação unidirecional. Mediante três casos selecionados por conveniência (dois casos nacionais e um internacional), o corpus de análise de nossa pesquisa se limitou aos 5.084 comentários disponibilizados após publicação de matérias jornalísticas no Portal G1 e nas fanpages (Facebook), ambos relativos aos casos selecionados. Com a Análise de Conteúdo dos posts, identificamos e categorizamos a fala do consumidor contemporâneo, sendo assim possível comprovar que as organizações/marcas se valem da cultura do massivo, não dialogando com seus consumidores, pois utilizam as redes sociais on-line ainda de forma unidirecional, além de não darem a devida atenção ao atual fluxo onde se evidencia a opinião compartilhada dos consumidores da sociedade em rede.

O AGENDAMENTO DE TELEJORNAIS BRASILEIROS EM SITES NOTICIOSOS DE CONTEÚDO COLABORATIVO

The thesis investigates if with the free news production, people who post information on collaborative content sites, known as interacting, tend to reproduce information that was scheduled for Tv news. This study is a comparison of the collaborative content vehicles Vc reporter, Vc no G1 and Eu reporter with TV news SBT Brasil, Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record and Jornal da Band. We sought to determine whether those newscasts guide the collaborative platforms. The hypothesis assumes that Brazilian TV news have been building over time a credible relationship with the viewer, so it is possible to think that the interacting use the same criteria for selecting the broadcasts and reproduce similar information in collaborative content sites. The method used was content analysis, based on the study of Laurence Bardin and the type of research used was quantitative. This research concluded that, within a small portion of the universe surveyed, there are schedules of television news across the collaborative content.

Proposta de programa de prevenção de perdas auditivas para músicos

INTRODUÇÃO: A audição é um dos sentidos mais importantes para o ser humano, e seu funcionamento está interligado à sua produtividade, o que não é diferente aos músicos, já que ela é de suma importância para a qualidade de seu trabalho e permanência na carreira. O desenvolvimento de um programa de prevenção de perdas auditivas tem por objetivo modificar o comportamento dos músicos em relação à sua audição, uma vez que, constantemente, estão expostos a níveis de pressão sonora elevados e ao surgimento de lesões irreversíveis. Contudo, se medidas preventivas não forem realizadas corretamente, as exposições dos músicos frente à intensidade sonora elevada podem trazer prejuízos à saúde e alguns destes, irreversíveis como, a Perda Auditiva Induzida por Níveis de Pressão Sonora Elevados (PAINPSE) ou Perda Auditiva Induzida por Música (PAIM). OBJETIVO GERAL: submeter os músicos ao programa de prevenção de perdas auditivas (PPPA) e verificar sua eficácia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Participaram componentes de quatro bandas musicais, correspondendo a um total de 16 participantes. Esses membros foram submetidos ao Programa de Prevenção de Perdas Auditivas (PPPA) que engloba as seguintes etapas: (1) medição do nível de pressão sonora no ensaio e show; (2) entrevista específica, Audiometria Tonal Liminar e de Altas Frequências, Logoaudiometria, Imitanciometria e Emissões Otoacústicas por estímulo Transientes e Produto de Distorção; (3) orientação sobre a utilização do Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI); e (4) a realização de medidas educativas por meio de workshops. RESULTADOS: O Nível de Pressão Sonora (NPS) durante os ensaios e apresentações/shows, encontram-se elevados, sintomas não auditivos estão presentes em 68, 75% da população total da amostra, presença de zumbido após o show em 100% da amostra; maiores dificuldades de compreensão de fala no ruído nos músicos que tocam baixo (75%). Ao traçar o perfil audiológico do músico foram encontrados: maiores médias dos limiares audiológicos por frequência das bandas estudadas em 500Hz e 3KHz (B1), 3KHz e 4KHz (B2), 3KHz, 4KHz e 6KHz (B3) e em 3KHz (B4); as maiores médias dos limiares audiológicos por frequência dos instrumentos estudados foram em 3KHz, 4KHz e 6KHz (voz), 3KHz e 4KHz (guitarra), 3KHz, 4KHz e 6KHz (baixo) e 3KHz, 4KHz (bateria); presença de entalhe nas frequências de 2KHz, 4KHz, 6KHz e 8KHz na audiometria tonal liminar; já na audiometria de altas frequências em todas as frequências apareceram ao menos um caso, reflexos ausentes em 4KHz (ipsilateral e contralateral); ausência de resposta em 4KHz para todos os baixistas bilateralmente (100%) quando pesquisado EOE por estímulo transiente e na produto de distorção foram encontradas ausência de respostas em 50% da amostra na frequência de 6KHz, sendo assim pesquisada a curva de crescimento (dp growth rate) aparecendo resposta em 75dB em quase 100% dos casos em que houve necessidade de sua realização. Quanto aos achados obtidos da avaliação realizada pelos participantes (músicos) referente ao website, os resultados mostraram que o mesmo atende às necessidades propostas, ou seja, a promoção da saúde auditiva em músicos. CONCLUSÃO: Existe a necessidade de serem tomadas medidas preventivas e a inserção dos músicos em um Programa de Prevenção de Perdas Auditivas (PPPA) a fim de proporcioná-los maiores condições de qualidade de vida e em seu trabalho, já que necessitam da sua audição para desempenhar com eficácia suas atividades e se manter no mercado de trabalho atuando como músico.

Avaliação do potencial de utilização de espécies leguminosas, arbóreas e arbustivas, noduladas e micorrizadas, na revegetação de barragem de rejeitos da Companhia Mineira de Metais, Vazante, MG

O processo de beneficiamento do zinco, extraído em Vazante pela Companhia Mineira de Metais - CMM produz um rejeito alcalino e com baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização de espécies leguminosas noduladas e micorrizadas na revegetação de barragem de rejeito da CMM. Neste sentido, foram instalados dois experimentos de campo onde foi realizado o plantio prévio de Brachiaria sp. O primeiro experimento foi composto por 36 tratamentos que foram formados por uma combinação de 17 espécies + 1 testemunha (ausência de plantas) na presença e na ausência de esterco de curral (2,0 L) na cova de plantio. Cada unidade experimental foi formada por 20 exemplares da mesma espécie que foram plantadas em covas abertas manualmente (25 x 25 x 25 cm) num espaçamento de 2 x 2 m. Todas as covas receberam a adubação básica formada por 125 g de superfosfato simples e 60 g de cloreto de potássio. Entre as 17 espécies avaliadas, 3 não pertencem a família Leguminosae e receberam, além da adubação básica, cerca de 25 g de sulfato de amônio por cobertura. O segundo experimento foi montado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de espécies leguminosas beneficiarem o estabelecimento e crescimento de espécies não leguminosas na revegetação de barragem de rejeito da CMM. Foram utilizadas três espécies leguminosas (Enterolobium scomburkii, Acacia mangium e Acacia holosericea) e três não leguminosas (Lithraea brasiliensis, Cinnamomum glaziovii e Eugenia jambolana) num esquema fatorial (3 x 3) + 1 testemunha, formando dez tratamentos distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Cada parcela foi formada por 20 plantas (10 leguminosas + 10 não leguminosas) plantadas em espaçamento 2 x 2 m e com a mesma adubação básica utilizada no primeiro experimento. Todas as espécies leguminosas utilizadas foram previamente inoculadas com estirpes selecionadas de bactérias fixadoras de Nitrogênio atmosférico e com uma mistura de fungos micorrízicos provenientes da Embrapa/Agrobiologia. Os experimentos foram avaliados quanto ao estabelecimento e crescimento de plantas (altura e diâmetro do colo) aos 4, 12 e 24 meses após o plantio. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que dentre as espécies avaliadas, as mais indicadas para a primeira etapa da revegetação da barragem de rejeito da CMM são: Acacia holosericea, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia auriculiformis, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa birmucronata, Enterolobium schomburkii e Prosopis juliflora. O sucesso do consórcio de espécies leguminosas e não leguminosas depende da escolha das espécies a serem combinadas, de maneira que não exista uma efetiva competição por água, nutrientes e luz que possa prejudicar as espécies de menor plasticidade. Das combinações avaliadas, as de maiores potencialidades para o programa de revegetação das barragens de rejeito da CMM são aquelas envolvendo a espécieLithraea brasiliensis.

Desenvolvimento de um Produto para Determinação do Tipo Sanguíneo de Humanos

Esta dissertação relata o desenvolvimento de um produto para determinação do tipo san-guíneo de humanos. A necessidade de criar um produto eficiente e capaz de determinar o tipo sanguíneo em situações de emergências surge da possibilidade das análises serem realizadas em momentos críticos, onde se pretende eliminar o erro humano e minimizar os riscos de incompatibi-lidade nas transfusões sanguíneas. A proposta pretende resolver problemas dos procedimentos realizados na análise do tipo sanguíneo em situações de emergência, que são realizados pelos técnicos da saúde, em ambien-tes da saúde, fixos ou móveis. Atualmente, o processo de análise de grupo sanguíneo, nestas si-tuações, ocorre manualmente através do procedimento de teste em lâmina. Este consiste na reco-lha de sangue e respectiva mistura com os reagentes específicos, a fim de determinar a aglutina-ção do sangue. Os resultados são observados macroscopicamente. Com base na técnica da tipagem manual, desenvolveu-se um produto com os mesmos princípios, semiautomático e com um rápido tempo de resposta, sem interferência humana na in-terpretação dos resultados, eliminando possíveis erros. Para solucionar os aspetos técnicos e me-cânicos, incorporaram-se tecnologias inovadoras, sendo elas resultado do trabalho interdisciplinar com das áreas do Design Industrial e as Engenharias Eletrónica e Mecânica. O sistema eletrónico incorporado utiliza o sistema de controlo Lilliput. Este sistema processa a informação recorrendo a processamento de imagem (através do software LabVIEW) e deteta automaticamente a ocorrência de aglutinação. O tipo sanguíneo é assim determinado num curto intervalo de tempo (aproxima-damente, dois minutos), o que viabiliza a utilização da técnica em situações de emergências. O projeto mecânico do sistema foi desenvolvido com recurso ao software Solidworks. Fo-ram realizadas simulações e testes com um rotary motor para viabilizar o funcionamento do meca-nismo. O sistema mecânico de agitação das amostras é simples, inovador e possui um elevado valor acrescentado, sendo nesse caso uma mais-valia na segurança dos utilizadores. O produto desenvolvido consegue atingir o objetivo do trabalho, realizando a determinação do tipo sanguíneo dos humanos em 5 minutos, sendo eficaz e funcional. É um produto com aspec-to formal que atribui a sua ergonomia adaptada ao utilizador, sendo assim portátil, de fácil uso e manuseio.

Contabilidade do crescimento pelo lado da demanda agregada: uma proposta de cálculo das contribuições ao crescimento pela demanda agregada para o Brasil de, 2000 a 2009, utilizando matrizes insumo-produto

The demand side growth accounting studies the demand aggregate component contributions in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Traditionally, international and national organizations that uses the traditional method for calculating such contributions. However, this method does not take into account the effect the induction of imports by the various components of aggregate demand on the calculation of these. As an alternative to this method are presented others studies that consider this effect, as the alternative method proposed by Lara (2013), the attribution method, proposed by Kranendonk and Verbruggen (2005) and Hoekstra and van der Helm (2010), and the method the sraffian supermultiplier, by Freitas and Dweck (2013). Was made a summary of these methods, demonstrating the similarities and differences between them. Also, in the aim to contribute to the study of the subject was developed the “method of distribution of imports” that aims to distribute imports for the various components of aggregate demand, through the information set forth in the input-output matrices and tables of resources and uses. Were accounted the contributions to the growth of macroeconomic aggregates for Brazil from 2001 to 2009 using the method of distribution, and realized comparison with the traditional method, understanding the reasons for the differences in contributions. Later was done comparisons with all the methods presented in this work, between the calculated contributions to the growth of the components of aggregate demand and the domestic and external sectors. Was verified that the methods that exist in the literature was not enough to deal with this question, and given the alternatives for contributions to the growth presented throughout this work, it is believed that the method of distribution provides the best estimates for the account of contributions by aggregate demand sector. In particular, the main advantage of this method to the others is the breakdown of the contribution of imports, separated by aggregate demand component, which allows the analysis of contribution of each component to GDP growth. Thus, this type of analysis helps to study the pattern of growth of the Brazilian economy, not just the theoretical point of view, but also empirical and basis for the decision to economic policies

Aplicação do planejamento de experimentos no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos: pesquisa em uma sorveteria artesanal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Uso de resíduos de queima de casca de café e argila da região sul da Bahia na obtenção de isolador elétrico cerâmico

The electrical ceramic insulators industry, uses noble raw materials such as siliceous and aluminous clays of white burning, in order to provide plasticity of the mass and contribute to electrical and mechanical properties required of the product, and feldspar with the flux function In literature references the composition of the masses indicates that the clay participates in percentage between 20 and 32, and feldspar 8 to 35, these materials have significant cost. In this research was performed the total replacement of commercial clay, for white burning clay from Santa Luzia region in southern Bahia and partial replacement of feldspar by ash residue of husk conilon coffee burning, from extreme south of Bahia. The objective of replacement these raw materials is to aver its technical feasibility and call attention for the embryo pole of ceramic industry for the existing in the south and extreme south of Bahia, which has significant reserves of noble raw materials such as clay white burning, kaolin, quartz and feldspar, and generates significant volume of gray husk conilon coffee as alternate flux. Clay Santa Luzia is prima noble material whose current commercial application is the production of white roofing. The residue of coffee husk ash is discarded near of production sites and is harmful to the environment. Phase diagrams and statistic design of experiments, were used for optimization and cost savings in research. The results confirmed the expectations of obtaining electrical ceramic insulators, with white burning clay of Santa Luzia and partial replacement up to 35.4% of feldspar, by treaty residue of conilon ash coffee husk burning. The statistic design that showed best results was for formulation with percentages of: clay 26.4 to 30.4%; kaolin 14.85 to 17.1%; feldspar 12.92 to 16.96%; R2 residue 7.08 to 9.2% and Quartz 32.5 to 38.75%, relative to the total mass of the mixture. The best results indicated; 0.2 to 1.4% apparent porosity , water absorption 0.1 to 0.7%, flexural strength 35 to 45MPa , dielectric strength 35-41 kV/cm , the transverse resistivity 8x109 2.5x1010 Ω.cm and for the dielectric constant ε/ε0 7 to 10.4, specification parameters for manufacturing ceramic electrical insulators of low and medium voltage.

Extração, caracterização e avaliação bioativa do extrato de Arrabidaea chica

The use of plants for medicinal purposes is ancient, with widespread application in medicinal drugs. Although plants are promising sources for the discovery of new molecules of pharmacological interest, estimates show that only 17% of them have been studied for their possible use in medicine. Thus, biodiversity of Brazilian flora represents an immense potential for economic use by the pharmaceutical industry. The plant Arrabidaea chica, popularly known as “pariri”, is common in the Amazon region, and it is assigned several medicinal properties. The leaves of this plant are rich in anthocyanins, which are phenolic compounds with high antioxidant power. Antioxidant compounds play a vital role in the prevention of neurological and cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes, among others. Within the anthocyanins found in Arrabidaea chica, stands out Carajurin (6,7-dihydroxy-5,4’- dimethoxy-flavilium), which is the major pigment encountered in this plant. The present work aimed to study on supercritical extraction and conventional extraction (solid-liquid extraction) in leaves of Arrabidaea chica, evaluating the efficiency of the extractive processes, antioxidant activity and quantification of Carajurin contained in the extracts. Supercritical extraction used CO2 as solvent with addition of co-solvent (ethanol/water mixture) and were conducted by the dynamic method in a fixed bed extractor. The trials followed a 24-1 fractional factorial design, the dependent variables were: process yield, concentration of Carajurin and antioxidant activity; and independent variables were: pressure, temperature, concentration of co-solvent (v/v) and concentration of water in the co-solvent mixture (v/v). Yields (mass of dry extract/mass of raw material used) obtained from supercritical extraction ranged from 15.1% to 32%, and the best result was obtained at 250 bar and 40 °C, co-solvent concentration equal to 30% and concentration of water in the co-solvent mixture equal to 50%. Through statistical analysis, it was found that the concentration of co-solvent revealed significant effect on the yield. Yields obtained from conventional extractions were of 8.1% (water) and 5.5% (ethanol). Through HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) analysis, Carajurin was quantified in all the extracts and concentration values (Carajurin mass/mass of dry extract) ranged between 1% and 2.21% for supercritical extraction. For conventional extraction, Carajurin was not detected in the aqueous extract, while the ethanol extract showed Carajurin content of 7.04%, and therefore, more selective in Carajurin than the supercritical extraction. Evaluation of antioxidant power (radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl – DPPH – sequestration method) of the supercritical extracts resulted in EC50 values (effective concentration which neutralizes 50% of free radicals) ranged from 38.34 to 86.13 μg/mL, while conventional extraction resulted in EC50 values of 167.34 (water) and 42.58 (ethanol) μg/mL. As for the quantification of total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau analysis) of the supercritical extracts resulted in values ranged from 48.93 and 88.62 mg GAE/g extract (GAE = Gallic Acid Equivalents), while solid-liquid extraction resulted in values of 37.63 (water) and 80.54 (ethanol) mg GAE/g extract. The good antioxidant activity cannot be attributed solely to the presence of Carajurin, but also the existence of other compounds and antioxidants in Arrabidaea chica. By optimizing the experimental design, it was possible to identify the experiment that presented the best result considering the four dependent variables together. This experiment was performed under the following conditions: pressure of 200 bar, temperature of 40 °C, co-solvent concentration equal to 30% and concentration of water in the co-solvent mixture equal to 30%. It is concluded that, within the studied range, it is possible to purchase the optimum result using milder operating conditions, which implies lower costs and greater ease of operation.

Fuzzy angel: uma arquitetura distribuída de telemedicina para monitoramento de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica

The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness that leads the patient to death, usually due to respiratory complications. Thus, as the disease progresses the patient will require noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and constant monitoring. This paper presents a distributed architecture for homecare monitoring of nocturnal NIV in patients with ALS. The implementation of this architecture used single board computers and mobile devices placed in patient’s homes, to display alert messages for caregivers and a web server for remote monitoring by the healthcare staff. The architecture used a software based on fuzzy logic and computer vision to capture data from a mechanical ventilator screen and generate alert messages with instructions for caregivers. The monitoring was performed on 29 patients for 7 con-tinuous hours daily during 5 days generating a total of 126000 samples for each variable monitored at a sampling rate of one sample per second. The system was evaluated regarding the rate of hits for character recognition and its correction through an algorithm for the detection and correction of errors. Furthermore, a healthcare team evaluated regarding the time intervals at which the alert messages were generated and the correctness of such messages. Thus, the system showed an average hit rate of 98.72%, and in the worst case 98.39%. As for the message to be generated, the system also agreed 100% to the overall assessment, and there was disagreement in only 2 cases with one of the physician evaluators.

Fuzzy angel: uma arquitetura distribuída de telemedicina para monitoramento de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica

The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness that leads the patient to death, usually due to respiratory complications. Thus, as the disease progresses the patient will require noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and constant monitoring. This paper presents a distributed architecture for homecare monitoring of nocturnal NIV in patients with ALS. The implementation of this architecture used single board computers and mobile devices placed in patient’s homes, to display alert messages for caregivers and a web server for remote monitoring by the healthcare staff. The architecture used a software based on fuzzy logic and computer vision to capture data from a mechanical ventilator screen and generate alert messages with instructions for caregivers. The monitoring was performed on 29 patients for 7 con-tinuous hours daily during 5 days generating a total of 126000 samples for each variable monitored at a sampling rate of one sample per second. The system was evaluated regarding the rate of hits for character recognition and its correction through an algorithm for the detection and correction of errors. Furthermore, a healthcare team evaluated regarding the time intervals at which the alert messages were generated and the correctness of such messages. Thus, the system showed an average hit rate of 98.72%, and in the worst case 98.39%. As for the message to be generated, the system also agreed 100% to the overall assessment, and there was disagreement in only 2 cases with one of the physician evaluators.

Estudo da obtenção de cerâmica composta de alumina e beta alumina sódica utilizando-se resíduo cerâmico de velas de ignição e pó químico de extintores de incêndio

Ceramic materials the alumina base are large industrial applications. They are required for these products, specific characteristics obtained by following strict criteria during the manufacturing process. However, after life, not always these products are reused by a suitable waste management process. In ceramist context, advance research aimed at the reuse of waste aimed at obtaining ceramics and composite materials, with marked reduction of conventional raw materials. Aiming to generate scientific, technological and environmental contribution, this work studied to obtain a composite of alumina ceramic (Al2O3) and sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17 ), and as starting materials the residue of the ceramic insulator of spark plugs, as a source alumina (Al2O3) powder and unusable sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of fire extinguishers, as a source of sodium oxide (Na2O). The final ceramic product was obtained from a conventional mixture of sodium aluminum oxide in appropriate molar proportions. Sample spark plugs were obtained, discarded by lifetime, specific to a manufacturer, which, after passing through mechanical stress (grinding, magnetic purification, washing, drying and grinding the high energy), which resulted in residue powder with ceramic content of 84.34 % alumina (Al2O3), found by FRX chemical analysis, the phases present and identified by DRX. The dry chemical fire extinguisher, baking soda-based (NaHCO3) with expired, was obtained through direct collection of the waste generated during maintenance. Subjected to heat treatment at 120 °C , the NaHCO3 powder was decomposed in sodium oxide ( Na2O), which, subjected to chemical analysis (FRX) and mineralogical (DRX) revealed a content of 86.62 % sodium oxide (Na2O) . In the following steps the experimental procedure, chemical formulations were made on a molar basis of the starting material (1:9, 1:10 and 1:11 de Na2O/ Al2O3) inclusion of additives, milling parameters, sieve analysis, dilatometry, conformation of specimens, sintering in firing steps at 800 °C , 1000 °C and 1.200 °C with varying stays 30 , 60 and 120 minutes in each of the levels. The characterization of the final product was made by the following physical tests: water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, mineralogical analysis by DRX and microstructural analysis by MEV. A higher formation of sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17), in sintered specimens in levels of 1.200 °C and 120 minutes, despite the prevailing coexistence of alpha phase alumina (Al2O3). From the results obtained opens up prospects for the reuse of waste studied in this work, the potter context and in other technological areas.

Estudo da obtenção de cerâmica composta de alumina e beta alumina sódica utilizando-se resíduo cerâmico de velas de ignição e pó químico de extintores de incêndio

Ceramic materials the alumina base are large industrial applications. They are required for these products, specific characteristics obtained by following strict criteria during the manufacturing process. However, after life, not always these products are reused by a suitable waste management process. In ceramist context, advance research aimed at the reuse of waste aimed at obtaining ceramics and composite materials, with marked reduction of conventional raw materials. Aiming to generate scientific, technological and environmental contribution, this work studied to obtain a composite of alumina ceramic (Al2O3) and sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17 ), and as starting materials the residue of the ceramic insulator of spark plugs, as a source alumina (Al2O3) powder and unusable sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of fire extinguishers, as a source of sodium oxide (Na2O). The final ceramic product was obtained from a conventional mixture of sodium aluminum oxide in appropriate molar proportions. Sample spark plugs were obtained, discarded by lifetime, specific to a manufacturer, which, after passing through mechanical stress (grinding, magnetic purification, washing, drying and grinding the high energy), which resulted in residue powder with ceramic content of 84.34 % alumina (Al2O3), found by FRX chemical analysis, the phases present and identified by DRX. The dry chemical fire extinguisher, baking soda-based (NaHCO3) with expired, was obtained through direct collection of the waste generated during maintenance. Subjected to heat treatment at 120 °C , the NaHCO3 powder was decomposed in sodium oxide ( Na2O), which, subjected to chemical analysis (FRX) and mineralogical (DRX) revealed a content of 86.62 % sodium oxide (Na2O) . In the following steps the experimental procedure, chemical formulations were made on a molar basis of the starting material (1:9, 1:10 and 1:11 de Na2O/ Al2O3) inclusion of additives, milling parameters, sieve analysis, dilatometry, conformation of specimens, sintering in firing steps at 800 °C , 1000 °C and 1.200 °C with varying stays 30 , 60 and 120 minutes in each of the levels. The characterization of the final product was made by the following physical tests: water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, mineralogical analysis by DRX and microstructural analysis by MEV. A higher formation of sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17), in sintered specimens in levels of 1.200 °C and 120 minutes, despite the prevailing coexistence of alpha phase alumina (Al2O3). From the results obtained opens up prospects for the reuse of waste studied in this work, the potter context and in other technological areas.

Avaliação das atividades farmacológicas de fucoidans obtidos do extrato bruto de fucoidan comercial de Fucus vesiculosus

Fucoidan is a term used to define heteropolysaccharides that are composed of less than 90% L-fucose. The exception to this rule is the homofucoidan obtained from the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. This fucoidan can be purchased from SIGMA Co. and have been used in various research for evaluation of their pharmacological activities. However, it is not a pure molecule. In fact, it is a mix of several fucoidan molecules. In this work, were obtained, from acetone precipitation, and biochemically characterized, four fucoidan molecules from SIGMA-ALDRICH Co. fucoidan to evaluate their anticoagulant, antioxidant, antiadipogenic, immunomodulatory and antiurolithiatic activities. In anticoagulant activity, evaluated by aPTT assay, fucoidans F0.9, F1.1 and F2.0 increased eightfold the coagulation time, compared to the control, when a mass of 10 μg was used. To PT test, only fucoidan F0.9 was capable of increase the coagulation time, compared to control. In the total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC), the fucoidan F2.0 showed 400 ascorbic acid equivalents, while fucoidan F0.5, the lest effective, 38 equivalents. In respect to the effect on pre-adipocyte cell lines (3T3-L1) adipogenesis, was observed that fucoidan F1.1 and F2.0 reduced the adipogenesis and this effect was associated to the reduction in the expression of regulatoy proteins C/EBPα, C/EBPβ and PPARγ. On the other hand, fucoidans F0.5 and F0.9 induced increased expression of these regulatory proteins. Furthermore, fucoidan F2.0 induced hydrolysis of triglycerides present in the interior of adipocytes. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated and observed that the presence of fucoidans F0.5 , F1.1 and F2.0 significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide by activated macrophages with LPS specially fucoidan F2.0 that in 100 μg/mL, reduced about 55% the effect caused by LPS. Relative to the effect upon the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, fucoidan F0.5 was more effective in reduce the aggregation of the crystals and this effect it was not significantly different regarding the effect caused by the crude. Besides, fucoidan F0.5 only promoted the formation of COD type crystals, while fucoidans F1.1 and F2.0 did not influence the formation of crystals compared with the control. The results described in this study indicate that the commercial crude fucoidan of Fucus vesiculosus it’s a mix of several fucoidan which, in turn, have different chemical compositions besides having different pharmacological activities. The use of these fucoidans it´s indicated according the pharmacological activity to be evaluated.