Caracterização genética e análise de polimorfismos da região promotora do gene da enzima esteraoil-coenzima a dessaturase em báfalas leiteiras

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dinâmica populacional de minicírculos de cinetoplastos em Leishmania infantum chagasi

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Molecular evidence of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-IIc in the Kararao Village (Kayapo) in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Amostras de sangue de índios nativos na aldeia Kararao (Kayapó) foram analisadas, usando-se métodos sorológico e molecular, para caracterizar a infecção e analisar a transmissão do HTLV-II. Observou-se reatividade específica em 3/26 indivíduos, dos quais duas amostras eram de uma mãe e de seu filho. A análise pela RFLP de regiões pX e env confirmou a infecção pelo HTLV-II. A seqüência de nucleotídios do segmento 5'LTR e a análise filogenética mostraram alta similaridade (98%) entre as três amostras e o protótipo HTLV-IIa (mot) e confirmaram a ocorrência do subtipo HTLV-IIc. Houve uma alta similaridade genética (99,9%) entre as amostras da mãe e do filho e a única diferença foi uma deleção de dois nucleotídios (TC) na seqüência materna. Estudos epidemiológicos anteriores entre índios nativos do Brasil forneceram prova da transmissão intrafamilial e vertical do HTLV-IIc. O presente estudo fornece evidência molecular da transmissão do HTLV-IIc de mãe para filho, um mecanismo que em grande parte é responsável pela endemicidade do HTLV nessas populações epidemiologicamente fechadas. Embora a verdadeira via de transmissão seja desconhecida, a amamentação materna poderia ser a mais provável.

Ocorrência de rotavírus do grupo D em aves criadas em granjas na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém, Pará

Os rotavírus infectam seres humanos e várias espécies de animais e são constituídos por partículas icosaédricas, não envelopadas, formadas por um genoma de 11 segmentos de dsRNA. São classificados em sete grupos designados de A-G. O rotavírus do grupo D (RVs-D) tem sido documentado em aves, porém existem poucos estudos disponíveis, principalmente com dados de detecção por RT-PCR e obtenção de sequências nucleotídicas. Este estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de RVs-D em aves criadas em granjas situadas na Mesorregião Metropolitana de Belém- Pará, no período compreendido entre 2008 a 2011. Foram colhidos 85 pools de amostras fecais provenientes de 37 granjas pertencentes a oito municípios da Mesorregião Metropolitana de Belém. O dsRNA viral foi extraído a partir das suspensões fecais e submetido à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA) seguido da RT-PCR realizada a partir da construção de iniciadores específicos para os genes VP6 e VP7 do RVs-D. Foi selecionada uma amostra positiva de cada município para o sequenciamento de nucleotídeos dos genes VP6 e VP7, sendo cinco amostras clonadas. A EGPA demonstrou positividade em 14/85 (16,5%) amostras e a RT-PCR em 30/85 (35,3%) amostras. Dos oito municípios estudados, sete apresentaram amostras positivas para RVs-D. Dentre as 37 granjas pertencentes a esses municípios foi observado a presença dessa infecção viral em 17 (45,9%) das granjas estudadas. O intervalo de idade em que o RVs-D foi detectado com maior frequência foi o de aves entre 16 a 30 dias (23/37 – 62%) do total de amostras nesta faixa etária. As sequências nucleotídicas das sete amostras foram classificadas como pertencentes ao RVs-D com bootstrap de 100 corroborando com esse agrupamento. As sequências do gene VP6 apresentaram 90,8-91,3% de similaridade com o protótipo de RVs-D (05V0049) e 98,5-99,9% de similaridade quando comparadas entre si. Para o gene VP7 apresentaram 87-96,1% de similaridade com o protótipo deste grupo e foram 94,1-100% similares quando comparados entre si. A presente análise assume um caráter pioneiro no Brasil e no mundo, permitindo ampliar os conhecimentos acerca do RVs-D.

Diversidade genética de Rhizoctonia spp. e análise de sequência multilocos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Starmerella aceti f.a., sp nova, an ascomycetous yeast species isolated from fungus garden of the leafcutter ant Acromyrmex balzani

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise de SNPs do DNA mitocondrial em indivíduos residentes no estado do Espírito Santo para aplicação na Identificação Humana

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Mapeamento físico de sequênias repetitivas de DNA no genoma de espécies do gênero Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

U1 snDNA clusters in grasshoppers: chromosomal dynamics and genomic organization

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ferramenta computacional para identificação de micro-organismos com base em assinaturas genômicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Molecular analysis of the PROP1 and HESX1 genes in patients with septo-optic dysplasia and/ or pituitary hormone deficiency

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the PROP1 and HESX1 genes in a group of patients with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and pituitary hormone deficiency (combined – CPHD; isolated GH deficiency – GHD). Eleven patients with a clinical and biochemical presentation consistent with CPHD, GHD or SOD were evaluated. Subjects and methods: In all patients, the HESX1 gene was analyzed by direct sequence analysis and in cases of CPHD the PROP1 gene was also sequenced. Results: A polymorphism (1772 A > G; N125S) was identified in a patient with SOD. We found three patients carrying the allelic variants 27 T > C; A9A and 59 A > G; N20S in exon 1 of the PROP1 gene. Mutations in the PROP1 and HESX1 genes were not identified in these patients with sporadic GHD, CPHD and SOD. Conclusion: Genetic alterations in one or several other genes, or non-genetic mechanisms, must be implicated in the pathogenic process.

Identical sequence patterns in the ends of exons and introns of human protein-coding genes

Intron splicing is one of the most important steps involved in the maturation process of a pre-mRNA. Although the sequence profiles around the splice sites have been studied extensively, the levels of sequence identity between the exonic sequences preceding the donor sites and the intronic sequences preceding the acceptor sites has not been examined as thoroughly. In this study we investigated identity patterns between the last 15 nucleotides of the exonic sequence preceding the 5' splice site and the intronic sequence preceding the 3' splice site in a set of human protein-coding genes that do not exhibit intron retention. We found that almost 60% of consecutive exons and introns in human protein-coding genes share at least two identical nucleotides at their 3' ends and, on average, the sequence identity length is 2.47 nucleotides. Based on our findings we conclude that the 3' ends of exons and introns tend to have longer identical sequences within a gene than when being taken from different genes. Our results hold even if the pairs are non-consecutive in the transcription order. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Morphological, molecular and cross-breeding analysis of geographic populations of coconut-mite associated predatory mites identified as Neoseiulus baraki: evidence for cryptic species?

Surveys were conducted in Brazil, Benin and Tanzania to collect predatory mites as candidates for control of the coconut mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer, a serious pest of coconut fruits. At all locations surveyed, one of the most dominant predators on infested coconut fruits was identified as Neoseiulus baraki Athias-Henriot, based on morphological similarity with regard to taxonomically relevant characters. However, scrutiny of our own and published descriptions suggests that consistent morphological differences may exist between the Benin population and those from the other geographic origins. In this study, we combined three methods to assess whether these populations belong to one species or a few distinct, yet closely related species. First, multivariate analysis of 32 morphological characters showed that the Benin population differed from the other three populations. Second, DNA sequence analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) showed the same difference between these populations. Third, cross-breeding between populations was unsuccessful in all combinations. These data provide evidence for the existence of cryptic species. Subsequent morphological research showed that the Benin population can be distinguished from the others by a new character (not included in the multivariate analysis), viz. the number of teeth on the fixed digit of the female chelicera.

Fumarate hydratase isoforms of Leishmania major: Subcellular localization, structural and kinetic properties

Fumarate hydratases (FHs; EC 4.2.1.2) are enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of fumarate to S-malate. Parasitic protists that belong to the genus Leishmania and are responsible for a complex of vector-borne diseases named leishmaniases possess two genes that encode distinct putative FH enzymes. Genome sequence analysis of Leishmania major Friedlin reveals the existence of genes LmjF24.0320 and LmjF29.1960 encoding the putative enzymes LmFH-1 and LmFH-2, respectively. In the present work, the FH activity of both L. major enzymes has been confirmed. Circular dichroism studies suggest important differences in terms of secondary structure content when comparing LmFH isoforms and even larger differences when comparing them to the homologous human enzyme. CD melting experiments revealed that both LmFH isoforms are thermolabile enzymes. The catalytic efficiency under aerobic and anaerobic environments suggests that they are both highly sensitive to oxidation and damaged by oxygen. Intracellular localization studies located LmFH-1 in the mitochondrion, whereas LmFH-2 was found predominantly in the cytosol with possibly also some in glycosomes. The high degree of sequence conservation in different Leishmania species, together with the relevance of FH activity for the energy metabolism in these parasites suggest that FHs might be exploited as targets for broad-spectrum antileishmanial drugs. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Peptidomic Analysis of HEK293T Cells: Effect of the Proteasome Inhibitor Epoxomicin on Intracellular Peptides

Peptides derived from cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear proteins have been detected in extracts of animal tissues and cell lines. To test whether the proteasome is involved in their formation, HEK293T cells were treated with epoxomicin (0.2 or 2 mu M) for 1 h and quantitative peptidomics analysis was performed. Altogether, 147 unique peptides were identified by mass spectrometry sequence analysis. Epoxomicin treatment decreased the levels of the majority of intracellular peptides, consistent with inhibition of the proteasome beta-2 and beta-5 subunits. Treatment with the higher concentration of epoxomicin elevated the levels of some peptides. Most of the elevated peptides resulted from cleavages at acidic residues, suggesting that epoxomicin increased the processing of proteins through the beta-1 subunit. Interestingly, some of the peptides that were elevated by the epoxomicin treatment had hydrophobic residues in P1 cleavage sites. Taken together, these findings suggest that, while the proteasome is the major source of intracellular peptides, other peptide-generating mechanisms exist. Because intracellular peptides are likely to perform intracellular functions, studies using proteasome inhibitors need to be interpreted with caution, as it is possible that the effects of these inhibitors are due to a change in the peptide levels rather than inhibition of protein degradation.