Serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gama in infants with and without dengue

This study compared the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, in children under 1 year of age with and without dengue. Sera were collected from a total of 41 children living in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia (27 patients with dengue and 14 controls). The results showed higher cytokine levels in children with dengue than without dengue, with statistically significant differences for IL-6 and IFN-gamma. No statistically significant differences were found between clinical forms, although IL-6 and IFN-gamma levels were higher in dengue fever cases than in dengue hemorrhagic fever cases. On the other hand, TNF-alpha levels were higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever than in dengue fever. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were higher in secondary infection than in primary infection, although IFN-gamma levels were higher in primary infection. These results suggest that IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are involved in dengue infection independently of the clinical form.

Análise do WOM no contexto de um evento promocional inesperado

A acção promocional inesperada promovida pela cadeia de supermercados Pingo Doce do dia 1 de Maio de 2012 foi o ponto de partida para a recolha de dados acerca do passa-­‐palavra (WOM) gerado por esta campanha. Assim, a presente dissertação analisa o WOM neste contexto específico, adaptando a escala de medida de WOM validada por Goyette et al. (2010), pretendendo também compreender os factores que o determinam. Através de análise factorial confirmatória foi possível validar a escala considerando três constituintes do WOM: a intensidade, a valência positiva e o conteúdo. Foi ainda possível concluir que o factor intensidade é o que tem um maior impacto no WOM, sendo a valência positiva o que tem menor peso factorial. A análise dos factores antecedentes ao WOM e das características individuais dos respondentes, realizada posteriormente, permitiu ainda verificar se grupos de respondentes diferentes tinham comportamentos de WOM diferentes. Assim, concluiu-­‐ se que os antecedentes ao WOM (forma de conhecimento da campanha, comportamento de ida à loja no dia da campanha e mudança da opinião geral acerca do Pingo Doce) têm grande importância para explicar o WOM, a sua intensidade, a valência positiva e o seu conteúdo. Verificou-­‐se que diferentes grupos de respondentes têm valores significativamente diferentes relativamente a cada um destes factores latentes. Já no que toca às características individuais dos respondentes (género, idade e nível de escolaridade), verificou-­‐se que o seu impacto no WOM e nas dimensões consideradas não é tão significativo, continuando no entanto a estar associadas a estas. Neste caso, a idade e o nível de escolaridade dos respondentes são as características com maior impacto na caracterização do WOM e das suas dimensões.

HAART: a risk factor for development of porphyria cutanea tarda?

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is caused by inherited or acquired partial deficiency of the uroporphyrinogen-decarboxylase (Uro-D) enzyme activity. It is the most common form of porphyria. The main triggering factors to the development of porphyria cutanea tarda are alcohol, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. There are several reports of PCT associated with drugs, among them, antiretroviral therapy. We describe three HIV-positive patients, which showed photosensitivity as well as the emergence of tense blisters on sun-exposed areas during the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and discuss the possibility of PCT after the use of these drugs by those patients.

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor expression in patients with cervical human papillomavirus infection

Introduction The progression of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the anogenital tract has been associated with the involvement of cells with regulatory properties. Evidence has shown that glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is an important surface molecule for the characterization of these cells and proposes that GITR ligand may constitute a rational treatment for many cancer types. We aimed to detect the presence of GITR and CD25 in cervical stroma cells with and without pathological changes or HPV infection to better understand the immune response in the infected tissue microenvironment. Methods We subjected 49 paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples to HPV DNA detection and histopathological analysis, and subsequently immunohistochemistry to detect GITR and CD25 in lymphocytes. Results We observed that 76.9% of all samples with high GITR expression were HPV-positive regardless of histopathological findings. High GITR expression (77.8%) was predominant in samples with ≥1,000 RLU/PCB. Of the HPV-positive samples negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy, 62.5% had high GITR expression. High GITR expression was observed in both carcinoma and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) samples (p = 0.16). CD25 was present in great quantities in all samples. Conclusions The predominance of high GITR expression in samples with high viral load that were classified as HSIL and carcinoma suggests that GITR+ cells can exhibit regulatory properties and may contribute to the progression of HPV-induced cervical neoplasia, emphasizing the importance of GITR as a potential target for immune therapy of cervical cancer and as a disease evolution biomarker.

Urinary tract infection in full-term newborn infants: risk factor analysis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation of risk factors to the occurrence of urinary tract infection in full-term newborn infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study (1997) including full-term infants having a positive urine culture by bag specimen. Urine collection was based on: fever, weight loss > 10% of birth weight, nonspecific symptoms (feeding intolerance, failure to thrive, hypoactivity, debilitate suction, irritability), or renal and urinary tract malformations. In these cases, another urine culture by suprapubic bladder aspiration was collected to confirm the diagnosis. To compare and validate the risk factors in each group, the selected cases were divided into two groups: Group I - positive urine culture by bag specimen collection and negative urine culture by suprapubic aspiration, and Group II - positive urine culture by bag specimen collection and positive urine culture by suprapubic aspiration . RESULTS: Sixty one infants were studied, Group I, n = 42 (68.9%) and Group II, n = 19 (31.1%). The selected risk factors (associated infectious diseases, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, renal and urinary tract malformations, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition and intravascular catheter) were more frequent in Group II (p<0.05). Through relative risk analysis, risk factors were, in decreasing importance: parenteral nutrition, intravascular catheter, associated infectious diseases, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, and renal and urinary tract malformations. CONCLUSION: The results showed that parenteral nutrition, intravascular catheter, and associated infectious diseases contributed to increase the frequency of neonatal urinary tract infection, and in the presence of more than one risk factor, the occurrence of urinary tract infection rose up to 11 times.

Immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: To determine the presence of immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and to correlate it with clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: A multicenter prospective study was carried out from January 1993 to January 1999 with the enrollment of 3 centers of pediatric rheumatology. Ninety-one children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were studied: 38 (42%) with systemic, 28 (31%) with pauciarticular, and 25 (27%) with polyarticular onset. Ages ranged from 2.1 years to 22.6 years (mean 10.5 ± 4.7), with 59 (65%) girls. The control group consisted of 45 healthy children. The detection of immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor was carried out utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor with immunoglobulin M-rheumatoid factor (latex agglutination test), total serum immunoglobulin E, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody, and functional and radiological classes III or IV were analyzed. RESULTS: Positive immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor was found in 15 (16.5%) of the 91 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: 7 (18.5%) with systemic, 5 (18%) with pauciarticular, and 3 (12%) with polyarticular onset. A significant correlation was observed between immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor and total serum immunoglobulin E in the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients. No correlation was found between immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor and positive latex agglutination slide test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody, or the functional and radiological classes III or IV in any disease onset group. In 4 out of 45 control children (8.9%), immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor was positive but with no correlation with total serum immunoglobulin E levels. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor could be detected in 16.5% of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients, particularly in those with high levels of total serum immunoglobulin E, and immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor appears not to be associated with disease activity or severity.

Adrenocortical tumors: results of treatment and study of Weiss's score as a prognostic factor

PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant adrenal cortical tumors circumscribed to the gland is controversial. One hundred and seven patients with adrenal cortex tumors (excluding those with primary hyperaldosteronism) were studied to assess the 5-year survival rate of adults, children, patients stratified by pathological stage, and patients stratified according to Weiss's score of <3 or >3. METHODS: The patients were evaluated both clinically and biochemically. One hundred and five patients underwent surgery and were classified pathologically as stages I, II, III, or IV. The tumors were weighed, measured, and classified according to Weiss's criteria and divided into 2 groups: <3 and >3. RESULTS: After 5 years, the survival rate was 77.5% for the whole group, 74.61% for the adults, 84.3% for the children, 100% for stage I, 83.9% for stage II, 33% for stage III, and 11.7% for stage IV groups. Additionally, after 5 years, 100% of the patients with tumors with Weiss's score <3 were alive compared to 61.65% of those with Weiss's score >3. The average weights of the tumors of score <3 and >3 were 23.38 g ± 41.36 g and 376.3 ± 538.76 g, respectively, which is a statistically significant difference. The average sizes of tumors of Weiss's score <3 and >3 were 3.67 ± 2.2 cm and 9.64 ± 5.8 cm, respectively, which is also a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Weiss's score may be a good prognostic factor for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the average weight and size of tumors with benign behavior (Weiss's score <3) and those with malignant behavior (Weiss's score >3).

A arquitectura e os mosaicos do “Edifício de Culto” ou “Aula” da Villa Romana de Milreu

As escavações de Estácio da Veiga de 1877 em Milreu (Estoi/Algarve) e os trabalhos do Instituto Arqueológico Alemão na uilla e no “edifício de culto” foram a base para várias publicações sobre os compartimentos da uilla na pars urbana e também sobre o “edifício de culto”. Este novo estudo trata da decoração dos mosaicos com a temática da fauna marinha, principalmente nas paredes do pódio do “edifício de culto” e de uma hipotética reconstituição e distribuição das cenas mitológicas. Trata também da decoração no interior deste edifício, interpretado recentemente como “aula” para uma representação pessoal do dono, que pertenceu, possivelmente, ao estrato alto da sociedade na época tardia romana.

Um Stibadium com mosaico na Villa Romana do Rabaçal. De cenário áulico a chão de culto cemiterial – de chão agricultado às primícias arqueológicas

A nossa reflexão abordará a questão da presença de um stibadium, leito semicircular com mesa, construído em alvenaria no interior de um ninfeu decorado com mosaico, numa posição frontal, simétrica e sobreelevada em relação ao ingresso na sala do triclinium, bem como a sua ligação com o ritual do conuiuium, na pars urbana da Villa romana do Rabaçal. Estas estruturas, descobertas nas campanhas de trabalhos arqueológicos aqui realizados entre 1986 e 1992, foram desde então interpretadas como fazendo parte de um jardim interior, dado terem sido nelas assinalada a existência, a um nível inferior, de um conjunto de cinco canaletas ligadas, aparentemente, a um tanque exterior. Inconformados com esta interpretação, observámos de novo em 1997, ao pormenor, esta construção absidal, tendo em conta a sua axialidade e o facto de nela ter sido incorporado um sistema de canalizações que permitiam, porventura, ou espalhar água por todo o pavimento de mosaico do triclinium, sala rectangular de maior aparato decorativo da pars urbana da Villa, ou, pelo contrário, melhor isolar da humidade o interior do pavimento da sala em sigma. Esta discussão será o ponto central da nossa comunicação. Serão ainda abordadas, em jeito de epílogo, questões relacionadas com a continuidade da ocupação da Villa na Antiguidade Tardia, sua provável ocupação em época suévica e a continuidade da utilização do local como espaço de habitação e de culto cemiterial até ao século XVI.

Understanding multi-asset factor models: Factor exposure interpretation

Field lab: Business project

A antiga igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto da nação italiana em Lisboa (1518‑1651) dados arquivísticos e algumas hipóteses sobre o edifício de Filippo Terzi

O presente artigo resultado da pesquisa de duas investigadoras no arquivo da Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto em Lisboa e no Archivio Segreto Vaticano e pretende oferecer uma hipotética reconstrução da igreja original dos Italianos em Lisboa, erigida entre 1518 e 1597 e destruída no incêndio de 1651. Na análise da escassa documentação sobre o edifício desaparecido, onde é confirmada a participação do arquitecto-engenheiro Filippo Terzi, (Bolonha 1520-Setúbal 1597), propõe-se uma interpretação da política de representação nacional da comunidade italiana em Portugal na segunda metade de Quinhentos assim como das suas estreitas relações com Roma e a Santa Sé. Para além disso, salienta-se que na promoção do culto de Nossa Senhora do Loreto em Portugal, a comunidade italiana contribuiu na difusão do mesmo na América Latina.

O gosto como fator motivacional nos primeiros anos de estudo de violino

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Música

Práticas centradas na família: um estudo de caso do Centro de Educación Infantil y de Atención Temprana da Universidade Católica de Valência

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Intervenção Precoce)

Measurements of the nuclear modification factor for jets in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN =2.76TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of inclusive jet production are performed in pp and Pb+Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.0 pb−1 and 0.14 nb−1 , respectively. The jets are identified with the anti-kt algorithm with R=0.4, and the spectra are measured over the kinematic range of jet transverse momentum 32, and absolute rapidity |y|<2.1 and as a function of collision centrality. The nuclear modification factor, RAA, is evaluated and jets are found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in central collisions compared to pp collisions. The RAA shows a slight increase with pT and no significant variation with rapidity.