Simulation Results on the Impact of Changes in the Main EU Policy Tools on Farm Investment Behaviour. Factor Markets Working Document No. 56, June 2013

This paper completes the comparative analysis of the investment demand behaviour, of a sample of specialised arable crop farms, for farm buildings and machinery and equipment, as a function of the different types and levels of Common Agricultural Policy support, in selected European Union Member States. This contribution focuses on their quantitative interdependence calculating the relevant elasticity measures. In turn, they constitute the methodological tool to simulate the percentage expected change in average net investment levels associated to the implementation of the, recently proposed and currently under discussion, reductions in the Pillar I Direct Payments disbursed under the Common Agricultural Policy. Evidence suggests a statistically significant elastic and inelastic relationship between both types of subsidies and the investment levels for both asset classes in Germany and Italy, respectively. An elastic dependence of investment in farm buildings on decoupled subsidies exists in Hungary while changes in the level of coupled payments appear to translate into less than proportional changes in the demand for both farm buildings and machinery and equipment in France. Coupled payments appear to influence the UK demand for both asset classes in an elastic manner while decoupled support seems to induce a similar effect on investment in machinery and equipment. Since the currently discussed Common Agricultural Policy reform options imply, almost exclusively, a reduction in the level of support granted through Direct Payments, simulated effects were expected to reveal a worsening of the farm investment prospects for both asset types (i.e., a larger negative investment or a smaller positive one). The actual evidence largely respects this expectation with the sole exception of investment in machinery and equipment in France and Italy reaching smaller negative or larger positive levels irrespectively of the magnitude of the implemented cuts in Direct Payments.

Hyperosmotic stress memory in Arabidopsis is mediated by distinct epigenetically labile sites in the genome and is restricted in the male germline by DNA glycosylase activity

Inducible epigenetic changes in eukaryotes are believed to enable rapid adaptation to environmental fluctuations. We have found distinct regions of the Arabidopsis genome that are susceptible to DNA (de)methylation in response to hyperosmotic stress. The stress-induced epigenetic changes are associated with conditionally heritable adaptive phenotypic stress responses. However, these stress responses are primarily transmitted to the next generation through the female lineage due to widespread DNA glycosylase activity in the male germline, and extensively reset in the absence of stress. Using the CNI1/ATL31 locus as an example, we demonstrate that epigenetically targeted sequences function as distantly-acting control elements of antisense long non-coding RNAs, which in turn regulate targeted gene expression in response to stress. Collectively, our findings reveal that plants use a highly dynamic maternal 'short-term stress memory' with which to respond to adverse external conditions. This transient memory relies on the DNA methylation machinery and associated transcriptional changes to extend the phenotypic plasticity accessible to the immediate offspring.

Aerial tramways in the metal-mining industry : construction and operating costs /

Mode of access: Internet.

Workplace violence : issues in response /

Shipping list no.: 2004-0092-P.

A resource guide for heart and lung health at the workplace : the NHLBI workplace initiative /

Shipping list no.: 87-541-P.

Federal personnel policies and practices-- perspectives from the workplace.

Mode of access: Internet.

A mathematical description of particle path in the forage blower.

"Submitted to Silent Hoist and Crane Company Committee on Materials Handling Prize."

The comparative efficiency of current methods and types of equipment used for receiving field boxes of apples at storage houses in the Pacific northwest area.

Mode of access: Internet.

A test comparing dry ice and mechanical refrigeration in the transportation of frozen citrus concentrate by motortruck (an interim report)

Mode of access: Internet.

Tests of one system of dry ice refrigeration in the transportation of meat by motor-truck-trailer. An interim report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Pumps in the power plant ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Household refrigeration : a complete treatise on the principles, types, construction, and operation of both ice and mechanically cooled domestic refrigerators, and the use of ice and refrigeration in the home /

Includes index.

Harvesting wheat with a combined harvester-thresher in the Great Plains region, 1926. By R. S. Kifer, W. R. Humphries [and] J. H. Martin. A preliminary report. April, 1927.

Caption-title.

The science of mechanics, as applied to the present improvements in the useful arts in Europe, and in the United States of America:

Mode of access: Internet.

The practical mechanic's pocket guide, or, a concise treatise on the prime movers of machinery and the weight and strength of materials with numerous practical rules and tables /

With: The universal calculator's pocket guide. Glasgow : M'Phun, 1844. - The practical engineer's pocket guide. Glasgow : M'Phun, 1847. - The practical mathematician's pocket guide. Glasgow : M'Phun, 1847.