Division of labor between M and P visual pathways: different visual pathways minimize joint entropy differently

Visual perception and action are strongly linked with parallel processing channels connecting the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the input layers of the primary visual cortex. Achromatic vision is provided by at least two of such channels formed by the M and P neurons. These cell pathways are similarly organized in primates having different lifestyles, including species that are diurnal, nocturnal, and which exhibit a variety of color vision phenotypes. We describe the M and P cell properties by 3D Gábor functions and their 3D Fourier transform. The M and P cells occupy different loci in the Gábor information diagram or Fourier Space. This separation allows the M and P pathways to transmit visual signals with distinct 6D joint entropy for space, spatial frequency, time, and temporal frequency. By combining the M and P impacts on the cortical neurons beyond V1 input layers, the cortical pathways are able to process aspects of visual stimuli with a better precision than it would be possible using the M or P pathway alone. This performance fulfils the requirements of different behavioral tasks.

Stanley Lloyd Miller e a origem da vida: uma possibilidade para o estudo da natureza da ciência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Propriedades tensiométricas do peritônio da paca (Cuniculus paca) a fresco e conservado em glicerina 98%

In constant searching for alternative biological material to perform implants and new options of experimental animal models, the objective of this investigation was to describe the mechanical properties of the peritoneum paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) fresh and preserved in 98% glycerin. Samples of fresh and preserved in glycerin for periods of 30, 60 and 90 days were subjected to mechanical tests. Four adult animals, male or female, with mean body weight of eight kilograms, were used for collecting samples of the peritoneum. All tissues preserved in glycerin 98% showed a decrease in stiffness and increase in ductility and toughness. Considering the maximum force applied to the peritoneum, significant increase was observed in values (p<0.01) of samples stored for 60 and 90 days when compared to fresh material. In relation to the stretch variable, an increase was observed in all storage time of glycerin samples, verifying significant difference (p<0.01) when compared with the fresh samples. The variable area also showed significance (p <0.01) between the values of the fresh samples (5.40 mm(2)) and preserved in the glycerin by periods of 30 days (4.50 mm(2)), 60 days (9.00 mm(2)) and 90 days (7.20 mm(2)), thus indicating that the area of this membrane increased by 0.033 mm(2) per day. Generally, it was concluded that the 98% glycerin is a substance effective for the preservation of the peritoneum of the agouti paca, therefore improves its mechanical properties allowing the support membranes greater deformation forces. Thus, the results obtained in mechanical tests of the peritoneum of paca suggest its use as an alternative biological material.

O amadurecimento da personagem em Mrs. Dalloway, de Virginia Woolf

The corpus of this study is the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, published in 1925. According to the writer Harold Bloom, while writing Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf thought of an order structure such that each scene would establish the idea of the character of Clarissa. The heroine's subjective universe is constructed scene by scene through the hours that run in London one day apparently common. The day that begins at ten am and ends at 3 am the other, involves not only personal and important findings deepen the understanding of his own human condition. The objective of this paper is to show how, in Mrs. Dalloway, the progression of hours in the space of one day, get through the poetic narrative and the use of psychological and chronological time, clearing the mind of the characters - focusing on single Clarissa Dalloway's character - culminating in his personal growth and social, is to understand the reason for their existence or, after all, considered a key and important in the world, finding motivations for why they live

Morfologia, ultraestrutura e morfometria da glândula adrenal de paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) de cativeiro

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Duas poéticas da leitura: radição e invenção de precursores nos projetos literários de Jorge Luis Borges e Haroldo de Campos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Potential of a bacterial consortium to degrade azo dye Disperse Red 1 in a pilot scale anaerobic-aerobic reactor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Números Complexos: um estudo histórico sobre sua abordagem na coleção Matemática 2º ciclo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interview with Frances Case

In her October 11, 2012 interview with Robert Ryals, Frances Case details her experience at Winthrop from 1947-1951. In particular, Case provides insight into the many rules and regulations students had to follow concerning dress, the Blue Line, curfew, cars, and smoking. Case speaks about student and dorm life, and her experience as a graduate student at Columbia University in New York City. Case concludes her interview by discussing her involvement with Winthrop since she graduated. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.

Host Specificity of Calyptospora funduli (Apicomplexa: Calyptosporidae) in Atheriniform Fishes

Calyptospora funduli has a broad host specificity, infecting at least 7 natural and 10 additional experimental definitive hosts, all atheriniform fishes within 5 families, but most in the genus Fundulus. Barriers, apparently innate ones, prevent any development of C. funduli in perciform fishes but allow incomplete or abnormal development of the parasite in a few unnatural atheriniform hosts. In the freshwater species Fundulus olivaceus and Fundulus notti, these abnormalities consisted of asynchronous development, degeneration of the parasite in early stages of development, and the formation of numerous macrophage aggregates. Rivulus marmoratus has the ability to eliminate infections with a granulomatous inflammatory response. Additional barriers that limit natural infections of C. funduli in other hosts include feeding behavior, environmental conditions, and geographic isolation.

Margolisianum bulbosum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma (Pisces: Bothidae), in Mississippi Sound, USA

A new species of a philometrid nematode, Margolisianum bulbosum, is described from the subcutaneous tissue in the mouth (larvigerous females), head (males, ovigerous, and larvigerous females), and eye (preovigerous females) of the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from Mississippi Sound. It is placed in a new genus diagnosed by the combination of 8 large, paired but separate cephalic papillae; no inner cephalic papillae; an esophagus with a separate, muscular anterior bulb; a prominent mononuclear esophageal gland; and variable, irregularly distributed cuticular bosses in the females, as well as a vestigial rectum, particularly in larvigerous females. Some female specimens exhibit rows of lateral grooves and longitudinal ridges near the posterior end. Males have two small slightly subequal spicules, a barbed gubernaculum, 4 pairs of small cephalic papillae, and a bipartite hypodermal extension within a membranous cuticle on the posterior end. Males, ovigerous females, and larvigerous females appear to be present year round in this sporadic infection in Mississippi.

Myxobolus mississippiensis n. sp. (Myxosporea) from Gills of Lepomis macrochirus in Mississippi

Myxobolus mississippiensis n. sp. is described from gill lamellae of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) inhabiting the Pascagoula River System, Mississippi. Fresh spores measure 16.4-18.7 μm long, 3.9-6.2 μm wide, and 4.7-6.2 μm thick. Spore width to length ratio is 1:3.2. Polar capsules are 5.5-7.8 μm long and 1.5-2.3 μm wide, with 9-10 filament coils that when extruded measure 42.1 ± 4.2 μm. This parasite is unique among known species of Myxobolus,/i> in having spores that are lenticular in frontal view.

InMemoriam: Raymond Millard Cable, 1909-1995

Obituary of Raymond Millard Cable, American parasitologist, 1909-1995.