First host plant records for Iridopsis hausmanni Vargas (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the coastal valleys of northern Chile

First host plant records for Iridopsis hausmanni Vargas (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the coastal valleys of northern Chile. The trees Haplorhus peruviana Engl. and Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) are mentioned as the first host plant records for the little known native moth Iridopsis hausmanni Vargas, 2007 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) in the coastal valleys of the northern Chilean Atacama Desert. This is also the first record of Anacardiaceae as host plant for a Neotropical species of Iridopsis Warren, 1894.

Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus), a cosmopolitan sterrhine confirmed from Chile (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus), a cosmopolitan sterrhine confirmed from Chile (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767), corologically a cosmopolitan species, is documented from Chile thanks to the analysis of specimens from four different localities in that country, at the same time, increasing the number of species known from the subfamily Sterrhinae in Chile, as well as being only the second (confirmed) documentation of this species from the Neotropics.

The ant fauna of hospitals: advancements in public health and research priorities in Brazil

Ants inhabit several types of natural and urban habitats, where they successfully nest. In urban environments, the hospitals should be considered priority for studies, as ants pose risks to human health due to their pathogen carrying potential. We aimed at surveying the literature about studies on ants in hospital settings in Brazil in the past 20 years. We found 40 papers in 22 journals, the first one published in 1993. Among them, 26 papers assessed pathogenic microorganisms on ants. We recorded 59 ant species, being Tapinoma melanocephalumthe most common. The Minas Gerais and São Paulo states had the largest number of published papers. Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul showed the highest number of species. Exotic ant species were recorded in all states, except Goiás. Considering the potential to carry microorganisms and the importance of thorough studies on the ecology of ant species, our results can support and guide further research in Brazil.

First record of folivory on a newly documented host plant for the little known geometrid moth Eupithecia yubitzae Vargas & Parra (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in northern Chile

The native tree Schinus molle (Anacardiacae) is reported for the first time as a host plant for larvae of the little known geometrid moth Eupithecia yubitzae Vargas & Parra (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, based on morphology and DNA barcodes. This discovery importantly expands the host range of E. yubitzae, as previous records were restricted to Fabaceae trees. Larvae were previously known as florivorous, while these were found to be folivorous on S. molle. Furthermore, host-associated cryptic larval polychromatism was detected, as larvae collected on S. molle were found to be mostly pale green, contrasting with the dark yellow ground color of the larvae typically collected on fabaceous host plants.

Effect of Bacillus sphaericus Neide on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated insect fauna in fish ponds in the Amazon

ABSTRACTWe analyzed the effects of Bacillus sphaericus on Anopheles larvae and on the associated insect fauna in fish farming ponds. Five breeding sites in the peri-urban area of the city of Manaus, AM, Brazil, were studied. Seven samples were collected from each breeding site and B. sphaericus was applied and reapplied after 15 days. The samples were made at 24 h before application, 24 h post-application and 5 and 15 days post-application. We determined abundance, larval reduction and larval density for Anopheles, and abundance, richness, Shannon diversity index and classified according to the functional trophic groups for associated insect fauna. A total of 904 Anopheles larvae were collected and distributed into five species. Density data and larval reduction demonstrated the rapid effect of the biolarvicide 24 h after application. A total of 4874 associated aquatic insects belonging to six orders and 23 families were collected. Regression analysis of diversity and richness indicated that the application of the biolarvicide had no influence on these indices and thus no effect on the associated insect fauna for a period of 30 days. B. sphaericus was found to be highly effective against the larvae of Anopheles, eliminating the larvae in the first days after application, with no effect on the associated insect fauna present in the fish ponds analyzed.

A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

ABSTRACT Elachista synethes was recently recognized as an alien species in northern Chile, where its larvae mine the rescue grass Bromus catharticus (Poaceae). In order to provide the necessary information to allow field detection of E. synethes during early ontogeny, we conducted a morphological reappraisal of the immature stages of this leaf-miner moth, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, including the first descriptions of the egg and the first-instar larva. This is the first report of the existence of an apodal early larva for a species of Elachista Treitschke. The legs and prolegs are absent in the first two instars, but are well developed in the last two. Additional observations on the life history are also provided, including a description of the mine.

Redescription of the adult male and description of the puparium of Hirmoneuropsis luctuosa (Philippi) (Diptera, Nemestrinidae) from central Chile

ABSTRACT The male of Hirmoneuropsis luctuosa (Philippi, 1865) is redescribed and the puparium is described and illustrated for the first time. Hirmoneuropsis luctuosa is compared with other species of the genus. Illustrations of diagnostic characters of the male and pupa are also provided.

Principales recursos de la fauna acompañante de la merluza entre Huarmey y Puerto Pizarro durante el verano 1999

Se analiza la situación de los recursos demersales durante la realización del Crucero de Estimación de la Biomasa de la Merluza.

Distribución y concentración de la merluza peruana y su fauna acompañante en otoño 2003: Crucero BIC Olaya 0305-06

El crucero demersal BIC Olaya 0305-06 se realizó entre el 20 de mayo y 18 de junio 2003, para determinar la distribución y abundancia de la merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus) y su fauna acompañante mediante el uso simultáneo del método de área barrida y el método acústico. El equipo utilizado en la evaluación acústica fue el ecosonda científico EK500 de 38 y 120 kHz de frecuencia. Las principales observaciones fueron: (1) La merluza se detectó desde 3°29’S hasta aproximadamente 7°45’S (Chicama) con predominio de áreas continuas y densas. (2) La abundancia estimada fue 120.000 t. (3) Latitudinalmente la mayor biomasa se encontró en la subárea D (6-7°S), con 67.000 t. (4) La mayor abundancia se registró a 20 mn de la costa con 54.000 t. (5) Además de la merluza, otra especie que se presentó en concentraciones interesantes fue el bereche con barbo (Larimus pacificus), cuya distribución casi continua fue desde el extremo norte del litoral hasta Paita compartiendo en muchos casos el hábitat con la merluza.

Representativeness of terrestrial ecosystems in Chile's protected area system

Because protected areas are a major means of conservation, the extent to which ecosystems are represented under different protection regimes needs to be ascertained. A gap analysis approach was used to assess the representativeness of Chile's terrestrial ecosystems in differing kinds of protected areas. Terrestrial ecosystems were described in terms of potential vegetation, employing three protection scenarios. Scenario 1 was based exclusively on the Chilean National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE). Scenario 2 included all types of public protected areas, namely SNASPE, nature sanctuaries and Ministry of National Heritage lands. Scenario 3 included all items in Scenario 2, but also included private protected areas and biodiversity priority sites. There is insufficient protection of terrestrial ecosystems under the Scenario 2. In addition to the low level of ecosystem protection provided by state protected areas (only 42 of the 127 terrestrial ecosystems had >10% of their area protected), 23 terrestrial ecosystems were identified as having no protection at the national level. Gaps in protection were concentrated in the North (both coastal and inland desertic scrub), Central (thorny scrub, thorny forests, sclerophyllous forests and deciduous coastal forests) and Austral (steppe ecosystems) regions of Chile. These gaps include ecosystems that are of global conservation importance.

Caracterização da fauna edáfica em diferentes coberturas vegetais na região norte Fluminense

O sistema solo-serapilheira é o habitat natural para grande variedade de organismos, que diferem em tamanho e metabolismo, responsáveis por inúmeras funções. O monitoramento dos grupos de fauna no sistema solo-serapilheira permite não só uma inferência sobre a funcionalidade destes organismos, mas também uma indicação simples da complexidade ecológica dessas comunidades. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição da fauna edáfica nos compartimentos solo e serapilheira em duas épocas do ano e em cinco diferentes coberturas vegetais (eucalipto, floresta não preservada, floresta preservada, capoeira, pasto) no Norte Fluminense. As coberturas de floresta natural, especialmente das florestas preservadas e não preservadas, mostraram, de maneira geral, valores de densidade e riqueza de fauna superiores aos de eucalipto e pasto, tanto no solo quanto na serapilheira, nas duas épocas de coleta. Em geral, não houve preferência dos grupos de fauna pelos compartimentos solo e serapilheira. A densidade de fauna, riqueza de espécies, índice de Shannon e índice de Pielou também variaram conforme a época de coleta, sendo, no verão, estabelecidas maiores diferenças entre as diferentes coberturas vegetais estudadas do que no inverno. O índice de Pielou foi a variável mais estável e, portanto, mais apropriada para o estudo da dissimilaridade entre as coberturas vegetais em termos de distribuição dos grupos de fauna.

Cosmovisión Aymara y su Aplicación Práctica en un Contexto Sanitario del Norte de Chile

El Aymara es un pueblo andino milenario dedicado al pastoreo y a la agricultura, que tiene su origen alrededor del lagoTiticaca, comprendiendo lo que en la actualidad es parte de Bolivia y Perú, norte de Chile y norte de Argentina. Todo lorelevante al orden Aymara se vincula con sus creencias que se manifiestan en ritos y ceremonias. En el mundo andino, elconcepto de salud no se restringe sólo al bienestar físico y psíquico, sino que incluye el equilibrio y bienestar social y económico de la persona, su relación armoniosa en su familia y comunidad, con sus difuntos, sus espíritus protectores, la Madre Tierra y en su convivencia correcta y afectuosa con lachacra y el ganado, con la casa y la naturaleza. En este artículo se revisan algunos aspectos del pensamiento Aymara, sucosmovisión, ética y praxis. Se comenta como la salud, la enfermedad y los procedimientos terapéuticos están mediatizados por la cultura. Se expone como ejemplo el "ProyectoDe Salud Intercultural Desde Una Maternidad" en un hospital de Chile, donde mujeres Aymaras tienen derecho a un parto integrador.

Cosmovisión Aymara y su Aplicación Práctica en un Contexto Sanitario del Norte de Chile

El Aymara es un pueblo andino milenario dedicado al pastoreo y a la agricultura, que tiene su origen alrededor del lagoTiticaca, comprendiendo lo que en la actualidad es parte de Bolivia y Perú, norte de Chile y norte de Argentina. Todo lorelevante al orden Aymara se vincula con sus creencias que se manifiestan en ritos y ceremonias. En el mundo andino, elconcepto de salud no se restringe sólo al bienestar físico y psíquico, sino que incluye el equilibrio y bienestar social y económico de la persona, su relación armoniosa en su familia y comunidad, con sus difuntos, sus espíritus protectores, la Madre Tierra y en su convivencia correcta y afectuosa con lachacra y el ganado, con la casa y la naturaleza. En este artículo se revisan algunos aspectos del pensamiento Aymara, sucosmovisión, ética y praxis. Se comenta como la salud, la enfermedad y los procedimientos terapéuticos están mediatizados por la cultura. Se expone como ejemplo el "ProyectoDe Salud Intercultural Desde Una Maternidad" en un hospital de Chile, donde mujeres Aymaras tienen derecho a un parto integrador.

Brief communication: Report on the impact of the 27 February 2010 earthquake (Chile, Mw 8.8) on rockfalls in the Las Cuevas valley, Argentina

Numerous rockfalls were detected in the Las Cuevas valley, Argentina, after the 27 February 2010 earthquake in Chile. Live rockfalls were observed during aftershocks of 11 March 2010. Many rockfall source areas coincide with known thrust fault and some areas presented a rockfall activity even after the tremors. Some rockfalls crossed the National Road 7 but no damages to houses or vehicles were reported. This study illustrates how the 27 February 2010 earthquake impacted on unstable slopes in a valley far from the earthquakes epicentre. It is an interesting addition to previous studies on landslides caused by earthquakes because of the high magnitude of the event and of its aftershocks.