928 resultados para EQ-5D
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A total of six stations in the Han River system were selected for establishing polyurethane foam units (PFUs) to collect protozoans, including phytomastigophorans, zoomastigophorans, amoebas and ciliates, in July 1993. In the bioassessment of microbial communities using the PFUs, the number of species decreased as pollution intensity increased. The diversity index values calculated at the main stations generally agreed with the pollution status of the stations. Anyang-Chon (Chon means stream) showed the lowest diversity value (1.89), and all stations, except Masok and Anyang-Chon, showed diversity index values ranging from 3.15 to 3.93. The highest heterotrophic index (HI) value was detected in Anyang-Chon followed by Masok-Chon. The number of species at the main stations reached a maximum on day 11 of being exposed to PFUs. The results of S-eq, G and T-90% all suggest that bioassessments using the PFU system were well matched with pollution status of the water. All microbial variables were significantly correlated with comprehensive chemical pollution indices, P-a and P-b, with correlation coefficients ranging from r=0.87 to r=0.96.
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The luminescence from Eu2+ ions in MF2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) fluorides has been investigated under the pressure range of 0-8 GPa. The emission band originating from the 4f(6)5d(1) -> 4f(7) transition of Eu2+ ions in CaF2 and SrF2 shows the red-shift as increasing pressure with pressure coefficients of -17 meV/GPa for CaF2 and -18 meV/GPa for SrF2. At atmospheric pressure, the emission spectrum of BaF2:Eu2+ comprises two peaks at 2.20 and 2.75 eV from the impurity trapped exciton (ITE) and the self-trapped exciton (STE), respectively. As the pressure is increased, both emission peaks shift to higher energies, and the shifting rate is slowed by the phase transition from the cubic to orthorhombic phase at 4 GPa. Due to the phase transition at 4-5 GPa pressure, the ITE emission disappears gradually, and the STE emission is gradually replaced by the 4f(6)5d(1) -> 4f(7) transition of Eu2+. Above 5 GPa, the pressure behavior of the 4f(6)5d(1) -> 4f(7) transition of EU2+ in BaF2: EU2+ is the same as the normal emission of Eu2+ in CaF2 and SrF2 phosphors.
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A columnal islands system, which was composed of three layers of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs), has been fabricated by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) through S-K mode on a (100) semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The effects of the thickness of GaAs space layer, the growth interruption time and the amount of InAs deposition on the emission wavelength of columnal islands were presented. The image of atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated the columnal islands with high uniformity in size and shape. At room temperature, the emission wavelength of columnal islands with different effective heights was achieved 1.32 and 1.4 mum; however, the emission wavelength of single-layer QDs with normal height was just 1. l mum. It provides a useful and intuitive approach to artificially control the emission wavelength of a QD material system.
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Quasi-aligned Eu2+-doped wurtzite ZnS nanowires on Au-coated Si wafers have been successfully synthesized by a vapor deposition method under a weakly reducing atmosphere. Compared with the undoped counterpart, incorporation of the dopant gives a modulated composition and crystal structure, which leads to a preferred growth of the nanowires along the [0110] direction and a high density of defects in the nanowire hosts. The ion doping causes intense fluorescence and persistent phosphorescence in ZnS nanowires. The dopant Eu2+ ions form an isoelectronic acceptor level and yield a high density of bound excitions, which contribute to the appearance of the radiative recombination emission of the bound excitons and resonant Raman scattering at higher pumping intensity. Co-dopant Cl- ions can serve not only as donors, producing a donor-acceptor pair transition with the Eu2+ acceptor level, but can also form trap levels together with other defects, capture the photoionization electrons of Eu2+, and yield long-lasting (about 4 min), green phosphorescence. With decreasing synthesis time, the existence of more surface states in the nanowires forms a higher density of trap centers and changes the crystal-field strength around Eu2+. As a result, not only have an enhanced Eu2+ -4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) intra-ion transition and a prolonged afterglow time been more effectively observed (by decreasing the nanowires' diameters), but also the Eu2+ related emissions are shifted to shorter wavelengths.
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The pressure dependence of the photoluminescence from ZnS : Mn2+, ZnS : Cu2+, and ZnS : Eu2+ nanoparticles were investigated under hydrostatic pressure up to 6 GPa at room temperature. Both the orange emission from the T-4(1) - (6)A(1) transition of Mn2+ ions and the blue emission from the DA pair transition in the ZnS host were observed in the Mn-doped samples. The measured pressure coefficients are -34.3(8) meV/GPa for the Mn-related emission and -3(3) meV/GPa for the DA band, respectively. The emission corresponding to the 4f(6)5d(1) - 4f(7) transition of Eu2+ ions and the emission related to the transition from the conduction band of ZnS to the t(2) level of Cu2+ ions were observed in the Eu- and Cu-doped samples, respectively. The pressure coefficient of the Eu-related emission was found to be 24.1(5) meV/GPa, while that of the Cu-related emission is 63.2(9) meV/GPa. The size dependence of the pressure coefficients for the Mn-related emission was also investigated. The Mn emission shifts to lower energies with increasing pressure and the shift rate (the absolute value of the pressure coefficient) is larger in the ZnS : Mn2+ nanoparticles than in bulk. Moreover, the absolute pressure coefficient increases with the decrease of the particle size. The pressure coefficients calculated based on the crystal field theory are in agreement with the experimental results. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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The modulation of superlattice band structure via periodic delta-doping in both well and barrier layers have been theoretically investigated, and the importance of interaction between the delta-function potentials in the well layers and those in the barrier layers on SL band structure have been revealed. It is pointed out that the energy dispersion relation Eq. (3) given in [G. Ihm, S.K. Noh, J.I. Lee, J.-S. Hwang, T.W. Kim, Phys. Rev. B 44 (1991) 6266] is an incomplete one, as the interaction between periodic delta-doping in both well and barrier layers had been overlooked. Finally, we have shown numerically that the electron states of a GaAs/Ga0.7Al0.3As superlattice can be altered more efficiently by intelligent tuning the two delta-doping's positions and heights. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The photovoltaic conversion efficiency for monolithic GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction cell with various bandgap combination (300 suns, AM1.5d) was theoretically calculated. An impressive improvement on conversion efficiency was observed for a bandgap combination of 1.708, 1.194, and 0.67 eV. A theoretical investigation was carried out on the effect of dislocation on the metamorphic structure's efficiency by regarding dislocation as minority-carrier recombination center. The results showed that only when dislocation density was less than 1.6x10(6) cm(-2), can this metamorphic combination exhibit its efficiency advantage over the fully-matched combination. In addition, we also briefly evaluated the lattice misfit dependence of the dislocation density for a group of metamorphic triple-junction system, and used it as guidance for the choice of the proper cell structure.
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L-蓝光膜是中国科学学院广州能源研究所研制成功的大田作物覆盖薄新产品。采用L-蓝光膜覆盖水稻秧苗,阴天膜内日均温比透明膜高0.3℃,比露天处理高1.8℃,而晴天分别高0.8℃和2.9℃,增加苗干重、苗根活力和秧苗成活率。叶绿素含量、叶绿体光还原活力、光合速率、RuBP-Case活性、可溶性糖、淀粉、NO-2-N、NH+4-N蛋白质含量、RN活性均比透明膜及露天处理的提高。秧苗覆盖处理的孕穗期植株仍有良好的生理效应,且抽穗期比透明膜早3d,比露天处理的早5d,穗粒性状改善,谷产量提高
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Two coupled parametric four-wave-mixing processed in Rb atoms are studied using perturbation theory, which reveals clear evidence of the appearance of quantum beat at 608 cm(-1), corresponding to the energy difference of the 7s - 5d states of Rb atoms, in the parametric four-wave-mixing signals. A pump-probe technique is utilized to observe the quantum beat. Time-varying characteristics of the quantum beat are investigated using time-dependent Fourier transform. The results show that the time-varying characteristics of the quantum beat potential tool for monitoring the dissociation of molecules.
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本论文的研究方向是通过密度泛函理论研究各种材料的物理化学性质。近年来相关理论和数值算法的飞速发展,使得基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法成为凝聚态物理、量子化学和材料科学中的常规计算研究手段。本论文对无机材料进行第一性原理研究,研究涉及材料物性包括几何构型、电子结构、磁性能、和力学性质等等。 第一章简要地介绍了密度泛函理论的基本框架和近年来的理论发展。密度泛函理论的发展以及寻找合适的交换相关能量泛函为主线。从最初的局域密度近似(LDA)、广义梯度近似(GGA)到现在的非局域泛函、自相互作用修正,多种泛函形式的出现使得密度泛函理论可以提供越来越精确的计算结果。除了改进交换相关泛函,近年来密度泛函理论向动力学平均场和含时理论等方面扩展也很活跃。这些扩展式的密度泛函理论的应用领域不断扩大。在本章的最后,我们介绍一些密度泛函理论的应用程序。 第二章我们通过第一性原理从头算系统的研究了5d过渡金属二硼化物TMB2 (TM = Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os and Ir, Pt)在假想的Pmmn空间群中的结合能、生成焓、力学常数和电子能带结构。我们的计算结果表明在力学常数和价电子浓度之间存在一种关系:即当价电子浓度在6.8到7.2之间时,体模量和剪切模量达到最大值。再者,这种力学常数与价电子浓度之间的关系可以通过电子能带结构分析,如费米面附近价电子的占据情况,决定了体系的结合能和力学性能。最大的体模量和剪切模量的获得归因于TM d-B p成键态的几乎完全占据和反键态的未占据。依据上述这种关系,我们预测了在正交结构OsB2合金化W和Re将比合金化Ir元素更容易和更硬。事实上,我们的进一步计算证实了我们的期望。 通过第一性原理计算研究了ReB2和WB2的结构、弹性力学,和电子性质。计算结果表明:ReB2的平衡态结构参数和报导的实验结构一致。在常温常压下,WB2在P63/mmc空间群比在P6/mmm更稳定。依据我们计算的多晶聚集体的体模量、剪切模量,ReB2和WB2可以被看作是具有前景的低压缩率和硬材料。再者,化合物的力学各项异性通过计算得到的弹性力学常数来详细的分析讨论。态密度和电子密度分析揭示过渡金属和硼原子之间的共价键是材料具有高的体模量、剪切模量和小的Poisson比率的原因。 第四章,采用WIEN2k程序包中的缀加平面波+局域轨道方法的第一性原理计算,研究了层状钙钛矿化合物Cs2AgF4的结构、电子结构和磁性等性质。我们的计算结果表明Cs2AgF4的基态为正交相,能量比四方相低。我们同时发现Cs2AgF4应该表现出一种强的二维铁磁性,铁磁层之间为弱的反铁磁性耦合,这一结果与实验观察相一致。更主要的是,通过分析态密度图和自旋电子密度等密度面的分析,可以清楚地看出体系中存在 和 轨道的反铁电弹性有序现象。 第五章中,采用WIEN2k程序包中的缀加平面波+局域轨道方法的第一性原理计算,研究了YBaFe2O5的晶体结构、电子和磁性等方面的物理性能,特别是有关电荷和轨道有序的情况。尽管总的3d电荷不均衡程度很小,以Fe2+ 和Fe3+阳离子t2g轨道占据数的差别所定义的轨道有序序参量相当大(0.73),无可非议的显示YBaFe2O5中存在电荷和轨道有序。O 2p和Fe eg轨道之间的强的杂化作用使得Fe2+ 和Fe3+阳离子之间总电荷差别几乎完全消失。此外,我们讨论了轨道有序和电荷有序以及磁有序之间的关系。dxz轨道有序决定了G型反铁磁性自旋有序的稳定性和电荷有序模式。
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场发射平板显示器(Field Emission Displays, FED)是一种新发展起来的平板显示器,由于其在亮度、视角、响应时间、工作温度范围、能耗等方面具有优良的特性,成为近年新型显示器研究的热点之一。为实现高效的FED红、绿、蓝全色显示,荧光粉在其中起着十分重要的作用。制备性能优良的场发射用彩色荧光粉是决定将来FED技术成功与否的关键因素之一。 本论文研究的内容包括场发射(FED)用荧光粉的研制和改性工作。在场发射(FED)用荧光粉研制方面,采用溶胶-凝胶方法,制备了一系列新型场发射(FED)用荧光粉,包括稀土离子激活的镓酸镧 [(LaGaO3: Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Sm)]体系、铟酸钙[(CaIn2O4: Re3+ (Re = Eu, Pr, Tb, Dy,)]体系、铟酸锶[(SrIn2O4: Re3+ (Re = Pr, Tb, Dy)]体系、镓酸镥[Lu3Ga5O12:Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb,Pr)]体系,并研究了Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm等稀土离子在这些基质中的光致发光、低压阴极射线发光性质和能量传递等性质。在荧光粉的改性方面,采用喷雾热解法制备了Sr2CeO4球形场发射用荧光粉,研究了喷雾前驱体溶液中,聚乙二醇浓度、金属离子浓度、烧结温度对形貌及发光性能的影响;采用溶胶-凝胶方法成功将SiO2表明包覆一层CaTiO3:Pr3+, Y3Al5O12:Ce3+/Tb3+荧光粉,得到单分散,球形形貌,分布均匀,具有核/壳结构的球形荧光粉;另外研究了不同的制备方法对Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉的发光性能的影响。所得样品用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、漫反射光谱、光致发光(PL)光谱、荧光寿命曲线、低压阴极射线(CL)光谱等进行表征。 在紫外光激发下,稀土离子激活的镓酸镧彩色荧光粉有基质(LaGaO3)的发射和稀土离子(Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Tm3+, Sm3+)的特征发射,研究表明在基质和稀土离子之间存在能量传递,其能量传递效率因离子而异。在阴极射线激发下,样品仅有稀土离子(Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Tm3+, Sm3+)的特征发射。如:LaGaO3: Eu3+发红光,LaGaO3: Dy3+发白光,LaGaO3: Tm3+发蓝光,LaGaO3: Sm3+发黄光,LaGaO3: Sm3+,Tb3+发白光。LaGaO3: Tb3+的发光颜色可通过不同Tb3+的掺杂浓度从蓝光到绿光进行调控。在相同的激发条件下,所制备的蓝光发射的LaGaO3: Tb3+和LaGaO3: Tm3+荧光粉与商业FED用蓝粉(Y2SiO5: Ce3+,日亚化学工业株式会社,NP-1047)相比具有更好的色纯度和更高的发光效率;所制备的黄光发射的LaGaO3: Sm3+荧光粉与商业低压黄色荧光粉((Zn,Cd)S: Ag,日亚化学工业株式会社,NP-1020)相比,色纯度接近,但具有更高的发光效率。并首次实现了单一基质中白光发射(LaGaO3: Sm3+,Tb3+), 所制备的稀土离子激活的镓酸镧彩色荧光粉[(LaGaO3: Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Sm )]在场发射器件有潜在的应用。 在稀土离子掺杂的Sr/CaIn2O4荧光粉体系中,在基质Sr/CaIn2O4和掺杂离子Pr3+/Tb3+/Dy3+存在高效能量传递。基质Sr/CaIn2O4吸收能量向激活离子Pr3+/ Tb3+/Dy3+传递,发射为稀土离子Pr3+/Tb3+/Dy3+的特征发射,发光强度、荧光寿命等符合应用要求,在低压电子束激发下,Sr/CaIn2O4: Pr3+/Tb3+/Dy3+荧光粉为稀土离子的特征发射,其低压阴极射线发光(CL)光谱与光致发光(PL)发射光谱一致,CL强度随激发电压,电流密度增加而增强。 对于CaIn2O4:Eu3+荧光粉,进一步研究表明CaIn2O4:Eu3+荧光粉的光致发光和阴极射线发光颜色可以通过掺杂不同浓度的Eu3+从白光,黄光,到红光进行调控。低浓度掺杂发白光,高浓度掺杂发红光,适当的浓度发黄光。 在Lu3Ga5O12:Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb,Pr)荧光粉体系中,在紫外(UV)和低压阴极射线激发下,所制备的荧光粉Lu3Ga5O12: Eu3+, Lu3Ga5O12: Pr3+为稀土离子Eu3+, Pr3+的特征发射,分别发黄光和绿光。Lu3Ga5O12:Tb3+的发光颜色因Tb3+掺杂浓度不同而不同,低浓度掺杂发蓝光,高浓度发绿光。 Sr2CeO4荧光粉在UV及低压阴极射线激发下发出强烈蓝光,源于配体到金属离子电荷迁移带跃迁(Ce4+-O2-)。其阴极射线发光强度与电压及灯丝电流呈良好的线性关系。 采用溶胶-凝胶方法的核壳结构的SiO2@CaTiO3:Pr3+和SiO2@Y3Al5O12: Ce3+/Tb3+荧光粉, FESEM和TEM结果表明这种核壳结构的发光材料表面致密,厚度均匀,保持了单分散SiO2微球的形貌特征。在UV及低压阴极射线激发下,SiO2@CaTiO3:Pr3+呈强红色发射,源于Pr3+ 的1D2—3H4 (612 nm)跃迁;SiO2@Y3Al5O12:Ce3+和SiO2@Y3Al5O12:Tb3+ 分别发黄绿光和绿光,源于Ce3+的5d-4f和Tb3+的5D4-7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3)跃迁。PL强度可以通过包覆次数调控,CL强度随激发电压及灯丝电流增加而增强。 在Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉体系中,采用了溶胶-凝胶,氨水共沉淀,和高温固相法制备了Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉并比较了他们的结晶行为,形貌,光致发光和低压阴极射线发光性能。溶胶-凝胶法制备由于原料在分子层次上混合,可以得到纯相,氨水共沉淀和高温固相法原料不如溶胶凝胶法混合均匀,很难得到纯相。溶胶-凝胶和氨水共沉淀所得荧光粉为纳米级别大小,分别呈球形和玉米棒形状;高温固相法微米级别且呈不规则形状。Ga2O3向Dy3+传递能量效率依次按溶胶-凝胶,氨水共沉淀,和高温固相法逐渐降低。在紫外光激发下,分别发白光,蓝白光,蓝光。其低压阴极射线发光与光致发光类似。相比之下,溶胶-凝胶法制备Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉比氨水共沉淀和高温固相法制备要好。
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稀土纳米材料因其独特的光、电、磁和催化等性能,在纳米器件和功能材料等诸多领域具有重要的应用价值。大量研究表明,纳米材料的物理和化学性质与其尺寸、成分、形貌和晶型密切相关。稀土纳米材料的合成方法有许多,然而,要真正实现这类材料的简单可控合成仍然是个艰难的课题。超声化学法由于具有操作简单、合成周期短、反应温度低、成本低廉并且产物均匀、粒径分布窄和纯度高等突出优点,已经在无机纳米材料制备领域中显示出独特的魅力。因此,本论文的工作是运用超声化学法合成有广泛应用前景的稀土纳米材料,对产物的形貌和粒径进行有效的调控,研究和分析其形成机理,并进一步考察其形貌、结构与性能之间的相互关系。 在本论文中,我们研究的体系集中在稀土磷酸盐、稀土氟化物和稀土钒酸盐三类纳米材料。 采用超声化学法得到的CePO4:Tb和CePO4:Tb/LaPO4(核/壳)纳米棒结晶完好,具有CePO4体材料的六方相结构。CePO4:Tb纳米棒直径为10-30 nm,长度为200 nm,CePO4:Tb/LaPO4(核/壳)纳米棒的LaPO4壳的厚度为2-10 nm。CePO4:Tb和CePO4:Tb/LaPO4(核/壳)纳米棒均具有Ce3+ (5d - 4f)和Tb3+ 5D4-7FJ(J = 6-3)的特征发射。与CePO4:Tb纳米棒核相比,CePO4:Tb/LaPO4(核/壳)纳米棒的光谱强度及荧光寿命均有较大的提高,这是由于形成核/壳结构后发光中心镧系金属离子与表面淬灭中心的距离增大,减少了能量传递过程中非辐射复合的路径,使能量淬灭受到抑制。 采用简单、快速、无模板辅助的超声化学法合成了稀土氟化物,并对产物的形貌和粒径进行了有效的调控。通过应用不同氟源(KBF4、NaF和NH4F)选择性合成了具有不同形貌的CeF3纳米材料,如片状、棒状和颗粒状。对具有不同形貌的CeF3样品进行了UV-Vis吸收光谱和荧光光谱测试和比较。研究结果表明不同形貌的样品,它们的光学性质存在很大差异,这说明纳米材料的光学性质与其形貌、粒径、晶体结构等因素有密切的关系。得到的EuF3单晶纳米材料具有三维花状形貌。这些纳米花的外形为球状,平均直径为0.9 μm-1.0 μm,每个花瓣的厚度约为0.14 μm。在其他实验条件不变的情况下,采用搅拌法而不经过超声辐射的对比实验只能得到二维纳米片,这表明超声辐射对花状EuF3的形成起到了至关重要的作用。基于不同反应时间的实验结果,我们提出了这种三维花状EuF3纳米材料可能的形成机理。 采用超声化学法选择性地合成了介孔及棒状CeVO4和纺锤状的YVO4:Eu3+ 纳米材料。CeVO4纳米棒的平均直径为5 nm,长度为150 nm。介孔CeVO4材料的比表面积较高(122 m2•g-1),孔径分布窄,其催化性能有望得到提高。纺锤状的YVO4:Eu3+ 纳米粒子具有四方相锆石结构,其直径为90-150 nm,长度为250-300 nm。超声辐射对样品的形貌起着关键作用,在其他反应条件不变,未采用超声辐射的情况下只能得到团聚严重的纳米颗粒。荧光测试表明,纺锤状YVO4:Eu样品表现为Eu3+ 5D0-7FJ(J = 1- 4)的特征跃迁,以5D0-7F2电偶极跃迁(614nm)为最强峰,属于红光发射。
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彩色等离子体平板显示是目前实现大屏幕显示、高清晰度电视最有前景的技术。三基色荧光粉(红、绿、蓝粉)是该技术最关键的组成部分之一。用高温固相法合成了以Eu~(3+)离子为激活离子,以氧化物、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、铝酸盐为基质等十几种荧光粉,用XRD手段表征了荧光粉的相纯度,用UV及VUV光谱仪检测了它们的发光特性。(1). 首次用高温固相法合成了Sc_2Si_2O_7和Y_3PO_7,研究了Eu~(3+)离子在其中的发光。发现Y_3PO_7:Eu在UV激发下产生较强的深红色光发射(主要波长在618nm);Sc_2Si_2O_7:Eu在VUV激发下有较强的深红色光发射(主要波长在611nm、615nm和627nm)。(2). 首次在VUV区域研究了Eu~(3+)离子在含氧化物丰富的盐类化合物中的发光,如CaYBO_4:Eu~(3+)、Y_4Mg(SiO_4)_3O:Eu~(3+)、Y_3BO_6:Eu~(3+)、 Y_3PO_7:Eu~(3+)、Sr_3Al_2O_6:Eu~(3+)等。发现该类荧光粉中的基质敏化带主要来自氧化物的吸收带,而酸根离子的敏化带非常弱。该类化合物的导带底部主要由氧化物阳离子的空原子能级组成,如Y~(3+)离子的4f或5d能级,由此决定了基质的敏化效率。(3). 在VUV区域考察了Eu~(3+)离子在YPO_4-YVO_4固溶体中的发光,获得了可用作等离子体平板显示红粉的适宜组成。(4). 首次在Y_3BO_6:Eu~(3+)和Sr_3Al_2O_6:Eu~(3+)体系中观察到基质敏化的格位选择性,发现基质敏化带与Eu~(3+)离子的电荷迁移带重叠越大,越有利于基质敏化效率的提高。
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等离子体平板显示(PDP)是目前高清晰度、大屏幕平板显示中的佼佼者,使挂壁彩电成为现实,但其关键部分之一-PDP荧光粉的发展却存在着相当滞后的问题,因此急需开发出性能更好的PDP荧光粉或对现有荧光粉的性能进行改善。改善PDP荧光粉性能的重要手段之一是选择合适的合成路径,因此本文探索了软化学合成方法-水热法在合成 PDP荧光粉合成中的应用,同时也采用高温固相法、共沉淀法对PDP荧光粉进行了合成,通过对比分析探索合成方法对PDP荧光粉光谱性质的影响。分别采用水热法、高温固相法、共沉淀法对掺杂稀土发光离子的稀土正硼酸盐(Y,Gd)BO_3、正磷酸盐(La,Gd)PO4、矾酸盐(Y,Gd)VO4、矾磷酸盐Y(P,V)O_4和硼硅酸盐LoBSIOS进行了合成,并用XRD、IR、SEM、XPS、TG-DTA等手段对其结构进行了表征,对上述PDP荧光粉的真空紫外(VUV)光谱、紫外可见光谱及发射光谱性质进行了研究,得到了一些新的、有意义的结果。(1)首次采用水热法以稀土氧化物、氢氧化物或硝酸盐与硼酸为原料合成了(Y,Gd)BO_3:RE~(3+)(RE=Eu,Th)系列荧光粉,并对其VUV光谱特性进行了研究。sEM分析发现水热法以氢氧化物、硝酸盐合成的荧光粉粒度在100-200nm之间。XPS揭示不同基质中带结构具有一定的差异。光谱分析发现(Y,Gd)BO_3:RE~(3+)的VUV光谱中110-175nm范围内存在着基质硼酸根(B3场)的吸收带,该吸收带随基质中G矛"浓度的增大而增强并发生了红移,认为红移是由于基质中B-O反键轨道能量的变化引起的。对能量传递过程进行分析认为G矛十起到能量传递中间体的作用,使基质对激活剂的敏化效率随G矛十浓度的增大而提高。(Y,Gd)BO3:RE3+中基质敏化效率的提高也可能是由于基质敏化带的红移使Gd3十或RE3+更容易从基质中获得能量。我们认为作为PDP荧光粉Eu3+或Th3+在GdB03基质中的发光性能更好。对水热合成的(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu~(3+)荧光粉进行热处理发现,荧光粉的亮度随热处理温度的提高而明显增强,说明一定温度下热处理有利于提高荧光粉的发光性能,这可能是由于热处理后荧光粉的结晶度提高,内部缺陷减少。比较水热法、高温固相法和共沉淀法对荧光粉性质的影响时发现三种方法制备的荧光粉光谱特性基本一致,但高温固相法和共沉淀法制备的荧光粉粒度较大,形貌不规则。(2)采用水热法制备了不同G矛十浓度的PDP荧光粉(L a,Gd)Po4:RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb),发现以稀土硝酸盐溶液和伽玩)2HPO4为原料,在pH值为5·240oC下反应3天可以合成出结晶度较高的纯相。从SEM照片中观察到水热法制备的荧光粉为晶化很好的棒状晶体。对水热法制备的LaP04:Eu3+和GdPO4:Eu3+进行热处理后发现热处理后晶体的尺寸变小,但形貌没有发生明显的变化,发光性能效果稍有提高。首次对共沉淀法合成的不同Gd3+浓度的(La,Gd)PO4:KE3+(RE=Eu,Tb)荧光粉的VUV光谱进行了分析,并研究了Gd3+在能量传递过程中的作用,发现随基质中Gd3十浓度的增大,基质对发光离子的敏化效率提高,认为Gd3+起着能量传递中间体的作用。同时观察到(La,Gd)PO4:Eu3+中电荷迁移带随着Gd3+浓度的增大而发生红移,这也可能会导致基质对Eu3+敏化效率的提高。首次利于xPs分析了LaPO4和GdP04的价带结构,发现LaP04的价带由O2的2P能级构成,而GdPo4的价带则是由O2-的2p能级和Gd3+的4f能级共同构成,这种价带结构的差异可能对(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+在VUV区的吸收产生影响。(3)首次对水热法合成的(Y,Gd)VO4:Eu3+的VUV光谱进行了研究,观察到120-170nm范围内存在着vO43一离子团的弱吸收带,200nm处存在着来自2P(O)→4f(Y)或5d(均跃迁的激发带,20onm以后的激发宽带是由Eu3+的电荷迁移带与VO43-的吸收带重叠而成的。对不同Gd3+浓度的(Y,Gd)VO4:E矿"的vLJ'v光谱进行研究发现,在一定G矛+浓度范围内Gd3+的加入使基质vo43+对Eu3+的敏化效率提高。对(Y,Gd)VO4:Eu3+中的能量传递过程进行分析认为,(Y,Gd)vo4:Eus+中可能存在着VO_4~(3-)→Eu~(3+)和VO_4~(3-)(vuv)→Gd~(3+)→VO_4~(3-)(UV)→Eu~(3+)等几种能量传递方式,Gd3+起着能量传递中间体的作用。(4)首次采用水热法合成了Y(P,v)O4:Eu3"红色荧光粉,发现初始体系pH为12.5、在240℃下反应6天可以得到Y(P,V)o4:Eu3+纯相。结合XRD和SEM分析发现Y(P,V)O4:Eu3+荧光粉的粒径随VO3-4浓度的增大而增大,YPO4:Eu3+的粒径为100-150nm,而YVO4:Eu3+的粒径则为400-450nm。对水热法合成的Y(P, V)O4:Eu3+的VUV光谱进行研究发现基质对Eu3+的敏化效率随VO3-4户含量的增多而提高。通过比较发射光谱中~5D_0→~7F_2与~5D_0→~7F_1跃迁的强度发现二者强度之比随VO_4~(3-_浓度的增大而增大,说明荧光粉的色纯度随VO4含量的增多而更好。比较水热法和高温固相法合成的Y(P,V)O4:Eus"的VUV光谱发现水热法制备的荧光粉在真空紫外区的吸收较弱,说明水热法制备的荧光粉虽然粒度较小,形貌规则,但发光性能不如高温固相法制备的Y(P,V)O4:Eu3+荧光粉。(5)分别采用水热法和高温固相法制备了单掺稀土发光离子的LaBSIOS,并对它们的光谱性质进行了研究。通过比较产物的SEM照片发现水热法可以制备出粒度为2-3μm,形状近似于球形的产物,而高温固相法制备的样品形貌不规则,粒度分布范围广。对水热法制备的LaBSiO_5:Eu~(3+)进行红外光谱分析发现1300-400cm~(-1)范围内为BO_4基团和SiO_4基团的振动峰。首次对高温固相法制备的LaBSiO_5:Re~(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm,Th)的vuv光谱性质进行了分析,认为其VUV光谱中125-200nm范围内存在着BO_4基团的吸收带(125-165nm)和SiO4四面体的吸收带(165-183nm)。比较两种方法制备的荧光粉的光谱性质和亮度发现两种方法制备的荧光粉光谱性质基本一致,而水热法制备的LaBSiO_5:RE~(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm,Tb)在254nm紫外光激发下亮度相对较低。