999 resultados para EPR test


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for an organism's response to environmental change is an important issue in molecular biology. A first and important step towards this goal is to detect genes whose expression levels are affected by altered external conditions. A range of methods to test for differential gene expression, both in static as well as in time-course experiments, have been proposed. While these tests answer the question whether a gene is differentially expressed, they do not explicitly address the question when a gene is differentially expressed, although this information may provide insights into the course and causal structure of regulatory programs. In this article, we propose a two-sample test for identifying intervals of differential gene expression in microarray time series. Our approach is based on Gaussian process regression, can deal with arbitrary numbers of replicates, and is robust with respect to outliers. We apply our algorithm to study the response of Arabidopsis thaliana genes to an infection by a fungal pathogen using a microarray time series dataset covering 30,336 gene probes at 24 observed time points. In classification experiments, our test compares favorably with existing methods and provides additional insights into time-dependent differential expression.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

种子贮藏稳定性对于种质资源的长期保存具有重要意义,目前关于种子贮藏的最新理论为玻璃态理论,该理论认为种子的玻璃化有利于种子的长期贮藏。当种子处于玻璃态时,玻璃化物质的高度粘滞性降低了种子细胞内分子流动性,阻止了细胞质中分子的扩散,从而减少老化过程中细胞结构的损伤和化学组分的变化,延缓种子老化劣变反应速率,延长贮藏寿命。评价玻璃态的一个重要指标是玻璃化转变温度,当种子贮藏于玻璃化温度或以下10℃~30℃范围内时,种子具有最佳的贮藏稳定性。因此,检测种子的玻璃化转变温度对于种子的长期有效贮藏具有重要指导意义。 本研究将差示量热扫描技术(DSC)与电子顺磁共振波谱仪技术(EPR)应用于杜仲种子玻璃化转变温度方面的研究。在DSC方法中,选用4.4%~31.6%含水量范围的杜仲种胚分别进行了DSC图谱扫描。EPR方法选用3-羧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯烷-1-氧(3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl,CP)和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy,TEMPO)作为探针标记杜仲种胚, 利用EPR技术测定不同含水量杜仲种胚的分子运动,通过对EPR图谱参数的分析计算,最终确定不同含水量杜仲种胚的玻璃化转变温度。 DSC实验结果显示,含水量为22.3%、28.0%、31.6%的杜仲种胚在0℃ 左右出现了一个水的熔融峰。该熔融峰的面积代表了自由水含量的多少,随着种胚含水量的降低该熔融峰面积减小。4.4%~31.6%含水量范围的杜仲种胚在-28℃左右还出现了一个熔融峰,推测此峰为杜仲种胚中某类物质熔融所形成的熔融峰。然而在此曲线上我们未观察到标志玻璃化转变的“台阶”出现。 CP-EPR实验的结果表明,利用EPR测定得到含水量为4.4%~11.6%的杜仲种胚在-110℃~20℃温度范围内,同一含水量的杜仲种胚随着温度的升高,分子运动速率加快;在同一温度条件下,高含水量的种胚比低含水量种胚的分子运动速率快。通过CP-EPR波谱两外缘峰最大距离(2Azz)的测定和数据统计分析,得到含水量为4.4%、5.7%、8.6%、10.3%、11.6%杜仲种胚的玻璃化转变温度分别约为44℃、25℃、4℃、-31℃、-43℃。可以把测定的杜仲种胚的这几个含水量的玻璃化转变温度与杜仲种子贮藏相结合,用于指导杜仲种子的贮藏。 TEMPO-EPR实验测定分析得到含水量为2.1%、3.4%、4.8%、8.3%、11.2% 的杜仲种胚的玻璃化转变温度分别为-21℃、-18℃、-24℃、-20℃、-27℃,玻璃化转变温度随含水量升高其变化的规律不明显,这与CP-EPR实验测得的结果有着较明显的差别。通过分析,认为对于脂质含量较高的杜仲种胚,随着含水量的降低,作为标记化合物的TEMPO随着脱水进入脂相,从而不能真实反映出不同含水量种胚的分子运动情况。与TEMPO标记相比,CP标记可能能够更真实地反映不同含水量杜仲种胚细胞质分子运动的情况,根据其分子运动情况得到的玻璃化转变温度更准确。