Sinonímias e descrições em Adetus LeConte (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini)

Based on the photographs (color slides) taken from the type specimens of Adetus species, the following synonyms are established: Adetus subcostatus Aurivillius, 1900 = A. auratoides Breuning, 1943 syn. nov.; A. leucostigma Bates, 1880 = A. venezuelensis Breuning, 1942 syn. nov.; A. pulchellus (Thomson, 1868) = A. laterialbus Breuning, 1942 syn. nov.; A. irregularis (Breuning,1939) = A. gracilis Breuning, 1940 syn. nov.; A. flavescens Melzer, 1934 = A. strandi Breuning, 1940 syn. nov. = A. mediofasciculatus Breuning, 1943 syn. nov.; A. modestus Melzer, 1934 = Atimuropsis densepunctata Breuning, 1939 syn. nov. New species described: Adetus multifasciatus sp. nov. (Brazil, São Paulo); A. lineatus sp. nov. (Brazil, Distrito Federal); A. linsleyi sp. nov. (Ecuador, Los Ríos); A. pacaruaia sp. nov. (Peru, Huanuco), and A. pinima sp. nov. (Peru, Junin). Adetus marmoratus Breuning, 1942 is redescribed.

Notas e descrições em Bisaltes Thomson, 1868 e Ptericoptus Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1830 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini)

The following new species are described in the subgenus Bisaltes (Bisaltes): B. (B.) picticornis sp. nov. from Bolivia; B.(B.) taua sp. nov. from Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina) and B. (B.) unicolor sp. nov. from Ecuador. Bisaltes (B.) pictus Breuning, 1940 is transferred to the subgenus Craspedocerus. In Ptericoptus, P. hybridus hybridus Breuning, 1939 is considered a synonym of P. acuminatus (Fabricius, 1801); P. dorsalis Audinet-Serville, 1835 previously in the synonymy of P. acuminatus is revalidated and Saperda vitta Newman, 1838 is considered its synonym; P. corumbaensis sp. nov. is described from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).

Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964 (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): descrição de uma nova espécie do Brasil

Chrysoperla genanigra sp. nov., is described from Pau Branco, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A key to the Brazilian species of Chrysoperla is added.

Fauna de Muscidae (Diptera) em três localidades do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, capturada por armadilha Malaise

During two years, from August 1986 to July 1988, the entomofauna of some preserved areas of Parana State, southern Brazil, was sampled in a project called "Levantamento da Fauna Entomológica no Estado do Paraná (PROFAUPAR)". Specimens of Muscidae (Diptera) were sorted out from the material collected using Malaise traps in three of the eight sites sampled (Colombo, Ponta Grossa and Guarapuava) in the first year (August 1986 to July 1987). A total of 7,014 specimens of Muscidae was captured and 91 species were identified. Neodexiopsis flavipalpis Albuquerque was the most abundant species in Ponta Grossa (672 specimens) and in Guarapuava (332 specimens). For Colombo, the most abundant species was Neodexiopsis vulgaris Couri & Albuquerque (172 specimens). The highest richness of species and abundance were observed in Ponta Grossa (77 and 3,559 respectively). The total number of specimens and means values of capture were analyzed. Indices of diversity and evenness were used to discuss richness and dominance of species in each locality. Besides using ecological indices, species richness estimators were also used.

Ciclo biológico de Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992 (Acari, Eriophyidae)

Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992 is an Eriophyidae mite described from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo. This mite prefers the adaxial face of the folioles and it can reduce the brightness of the leaves, turning them progressively yellow and brownish, and consequently premature fall. The aim of this work was to study the biology of C. heveae in laboratory, on detached rubber tree folioles. The study was conducted at 28±1 ºC in the photophase (12h), 25±1 ºC in the dark phase (12h), and 90±5% relative humidity. The study was initiated with a total of 59 eggs. The average duration of egg, larva and nymph stages was 5.8, 2.0 and 1.4 days, respectively. The period from egg to adult lasted 9.3 days, and the average periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition, 1.8, 6.1 and 1.2 days, respectively. The average longevity of the adult male was ca. 4.0 days, while the longevity adult female was about 8.4 days. The average daily oviposition rate was 2.3 egg per female while the average fecundity was 16.2 eggs per female.

Descrição da larva de Popanomyia femoralis Kertész, 1909 e do pupário de Engicerus major Lindner, 1964 (Diptera, Stratiomyidae)

The larva of Popanomyia femoralis and puparium of Engicerus major are described. The larvae were collected under the bark of fallen trees in an area near the tropical rain forest at Ilha da Marambaia (23º 04'15''S-43º53'59''W-sea level) and Cabo Frio (22º52'46''S-42º01'07''W-4 m), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biological notes are presented. The larva of Popanomyia femoralis and puparium of Engicerus major are compared with those of Chalcidomorphina aurata Enderlein, Cosmariomyia argyrosticta Kertész, Dactylodeictes lopesi Lindner and Vittiger schnusei Kertész, other species of the same subfamily.

Elytra colour polymorphism and randomness of matings in Chauliognathus fallax Germar 1824 from southern Brazil (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)

Beetles of the species Chauliognathus fallax Germar 1824 are polymorphic for elytron colouration with six morphs distinguished on the basis of black pigmentation on a yellow background. We investigated samples of C. fallax taken in eight consecutive weeks aiming to determine the frequency of the morphs which were grouped, for statistical analysis, into three classes according to elytra pigmentation as well as the possible occurrence of assortative mating. Our results showed a variation in the frequency of the classes throughout the season, both in males and females, with the maximum frequency of each class at the fourth and fifth week. The three classes (A, B, C) showed the same pattern of variation, and class B was always the more frequent. To test randomness of matings two approaches were taken: in the first, we compared the frequency of each class in copulating and non-copulating insects. In the second, the frequency of each class in the whole sample was taken as the probability of occurrence of the respective class; then, using the criterion of the probability of independent events we calculated the expected proportion of copulating insects for each pair of events. Both methods gave non-significant differences, suggesting that the matings were random.

Flutuação populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae) na Região Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Fruit flies are the major pests in fruit orchards and require a frequent insecticide aplication control, which increases production cost and chemical residues in fruits. Adults of Anastrepha fraterculus were sampled from twelve peach, plum, orange, tangerine and acid lime orchards in four counties in the Western Region of Santa Catarina. Modified McPhail plastic traps, baited with glucose 10%, were used to collect the flies from October 1998 to September 2000. Trap monitoring, bait replacement and fruit flies sorting by species and sex were done weekly. A total of 4,164 specimens of A. fraterculus was collected and highest population was registered in the county of Chapecó (64,8% of all sampled flies). Adults were collected all year long, with the highest population peaks occurring from December and January, although the fluctuation was different for each fruit species due to their particular phenology and in different years. Positive correlation among temperature, atmospheric humidity and population levels of adults of A. fraterculus was observed. According to the degree days obtained for each year, 4851.9, 4632.9 and 4983.7, respectively in 1998, 1999 and 2000, it was established that A. fraterculus could present an average of 11.2 generations a year.

Espécies novas de Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

Three new species of Centris Fabricius, 1804 are described: C. (Melacentris) melanosara sp. nov. (Viçosa-MG, Brazil), C. (Ptilotopus) melampoda sp. nov. (Manaus-AM, Brazil), and C. (Ptilotopus) erythrotricha sp. nov. (Pucallpa, Peru). Centris (Melacentris) frieseana nom. nov., a new name given to Centris friesei Ducke, 1902, non Schrottky, 1902. Comments and comparison between C. (Melacentris) rhodoprocta Moure & Seabra, 1961 and C. (Ptilotopus) nobilis Westwood, 1840, are given. All the species are figured.

Caracterização morfológica de espécies de Hemerobius Linnaeus, 1758 (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) associadas a cultivos de café (Coffea arabica L.), milho (Zea mays L.) e erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.)

The predators were collected in mate crop in Cascavel and São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, Brazil and some other additional specimens in coffee and maize crops in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Illustrations obtained by SEM are given by the first time to the principal structures. Three species of Hemerobius were identified: H. bolivari Banks, 1910; H. domingensis Banks, 1941 and H. gaitoi Monserrat, 1996. H. domingensis is recorded for the first time to Brazil.

Uma nova espécie de Strebla Wiedemann, 1824 (Diptera, Streblidae, Streblinae) sobre Anoura caudifer (E. Geoffroy, 1818) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Glossophaginae)

A new species of Strebla Wiedemann, S. carvalhoi sp. nov., collected, on Anoura caudifer (E. Geoffroy, 1818) from Southern of Brazil, is described. Drawings of the postvertex, occipital plates, gonopods and tergite VII are provided.

Análise de parcimônia de endemismo de cercopídeos neotropicais (Hemiptera, Cercopidae)

The spittlebugs have an extent distribution in the American continent. Their diversity may determinate endemism areas based on their occurence in different localities. We have used Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity method, which is an important historic biogeography tool for detecting and establishing the relationship among endemics areas. A data matrix was built up based on the occurence registration for the species by 66 genus in whole localities divided in five degrees quadrats in the Neotropical Region, using 49 OGUs (Operative Geografic Units). The presence of the taxa in the areas was coded 1 and the absence 0. The data matrix was analysed based on parsimony analysis through the computer program Hennig 86. Nine endemic areas were stipulated (Mexico + Central America, Venezuelan Savana, Guiana + Suriname, Chaco, Trans-andean, Cerrado, Amazon, Pampa and Atlantic Forest) in the first analysis corroborated with ecological and physiographic patterns in each region. The second analysis was made using 48 genera to obtain the relationship among the nine areas stipulated before. In this analysis just one cladogram (3((1,2)((8,9)(6(7(4,5)))))) was obtained with 192 steps, consistence index 0.80 and retention index 0.85.

Comparative biology of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) focusing on the control of Cinara spp. (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

The giant conifer aphids Cinara pinivora (Wilson, 1919) and Cinara atlantica (Wilson, 1919) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) have been observed attacking Pinus spp. in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The coccinellids, on the other hand, were found feeding on these aphids in the field, which can be regarded as potential biological control agents. The biological cycle and mortality rate of larvae of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) were evaluated using twenty larvae of each predator species fed with nymphs of Cinara. The vials with the insects were kept under 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC, with 12h photophase and 70 ± 10% relative humidity. The consumption was evaluated every 24 hours and the nymphs replaced. For C. sanguinea, the egg incubation time was 10.5, 5.0 and 4.0 days; the average larval development period was 33.3, 15.8 and 8.6 days and the larval mortality rate 20%,0% and 15%, respectively at 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC. For H. convergens, the larval development time was 41.9, 19.3 and 10.9 days at 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC, respectively. The larval mortality rate was 35%, 15% and 0% under the three temperatures. Both species developed adequately when fed nymphs of Cinara, however, C. sanguinea performed better than H. convergens, even at 15 ºC, at which temperature the biological cycles of the coccinellids are prolonged, but the temperature is favorable for the development of Cinara populations in the field.

Utilização de bioensaios e marcadores moleculares para detecção da resistência de coleópteros de produtos armazenados a inseticidas

The qualitative and quantitative losses caused by stored product insects are of great concern, and since there is only a few active ingredients available for their control it is very important to have a frequent insect resistance monitoring. The objective of this research is to evaluate combination of bioassays and molecular marker techniques to detect insecticide resistance in stored product beetles. The Coleoptera species used for the tests were Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Bostrichidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Silvanidae). For the bioassays it was used the impregnated filter paper technique, applying 1 mL of deltamethrin (K-Obiol 25 CE TM) using four concentrations and five replicates, including a control with solvent only. Ten adults of each species were liberated separately on each dish. The mortality was evaluated after 24 h and resistance determined by probit analysis. The samples used for the PCR-RAPD were either in vivo or preserved in 70% ethanol, kept in -18°C freezer. After extraction, quantification and DNA quality analysis, the 25 µL samples had the DNA amplified and tested with six primers. The bioassays showed a crescent mortality proportional to insecticide concentration. The resistance factor for R. dominica, S. zeamais and S. oryzae were: 2,2; 3,2 and 9,2, respectively, compared to the susceptible populations of each species. The PCR-RAPD analysis revealed bands which indicate inter and intraspecific variability in the populations, but it was not possible to correlate them to resistance. The association of bioassay and PCR-RAPD represents a precise and valuable tool for resistance management of stored product insects, but more populations and primers should be tested.

Micropygomyia (Sauromyia) petari, a new species of Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, Brazil

Micropygomyia (Sauromyia) petari sp. nov. (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from speleological province of the Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, Brazil, is described and illustrated. This new taxon belongs to oswaldoi series.