A cooperação em crianças de rede pública de Natal/RN:uma abordagem evolucionista

Cooperation is a well known behavior and influenced by all cultures. Probably selective pressures brought advantages to individuals that cooperate, and then this behavior is current in human societies. Most of it is studied about cooperation and natural selection was understood by the game theory, a mathematical approach that helps to understand the conflict and cooperation. We believe that natural selection and game theory could facilitate understanding these behaviors and two theoretical articles were written regarding this view. It was also found that most of data about cooperation was obtained in (with) adults. Since game theory is effective to understand this phenomenon, and to be used and understood, two games were used with five and eleven year old children: the common pool and public goods games. The results are presented in four empirical articles. We found that children respond to social dilemmas of game theory like the adults do. They adjust their rounds regarding the feedback obtained of their partness; in the beginning they cooperate and reduce the degree of cooperation along (throughout) the following session; in the absence of punition the level of opportunism increased, mainly in larger groups; boys and girls behave differently when donate. This research suggest that cooperation has an evolutionary basis in human and it is since earlier in the behavioral pattern shown by adults.

A influência do feedback verbal na cooperação em crianças

Human cooperation is a hallmark of this species due to its wide extension to genetically unrelated individuals and complex division of labor. It is considered an evolutionary puzzle, because the theory of evolution by natural selection predicts that self-interested individuals tend to be selected. Different theories have been proposed to explain the evolution of cooperation, which the most important are kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Considering the evolutionary continuity between species, humans and other primates have several common traits that help to promote cooperation between individuals of these species. Two features, however, seem to be particularly humans: inequality aversion and preferences in relation to others. Although human cooperation is not necessarily related to morality, cooperative traits are the basis for moral tendencies. The development of human morality is a combination of early prosocial tendencies, cooperative skills displayed at different ages, social learning and cultural transmission of norms. The social stimulus seems to be particularly important in promoting cooperative behavior in children and adults. In order to study the influence of social stimuli, as verbal feedback, on children cooperation, a study was conducted with children in a public goods game. 407 children from public schools in Natal / RN, divided into 21 groups, between six and nine years, participated in eight rounds of this game. After each round, seven groups received praise for larger donations, seven groups have been criticized by smaller donations, and the other seven received no comment. Children cooperated more when criticized, without significant differences between sexes, although young children have cooperated more negative than older children. The results are likely related to the anticipation and avoidance of punishment associated with the feedback (although this did not occur), and greater sensitivity to the authority in younger children. Nevertheless, the cooperation decreased in all groups until the last day of play. The results suggest an early sensitivity to moral punishment, whose role in the maintenance of social relations must have been important in the evolution of cooperation in humans

Doadores de sangue: qualidade de vida e atendimento em hemocentro de Natal / RN

The context of blood donation in Brazil faces problems since the start of its operations in the 1940, in the beginning the biggest obstacle was obtain safe and qualified blood, and then, established criteria for donations, the barrier is the low number of suitable candidates for donation. This suitability is associated with the good health of those who goes to the services of blood banks and the return of the donor is often conditioned by the way care is given and perceived by the user. The quality of life, defined as a perception that a person has of her/his position in the world, can influence the health and emerges as a way to focus on the subjectivity in a context dominated by objective and practical exams; listen to the views about the received services increases the focus on the user and provides feedback to the institution, guiding and planning its future actions. The purpose of this study was to verify the quality of life in blood donors and their perceptions of care in a blood center in Natal/RN. This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted with blood donors from Dalton Cunha Barbosa blood center. The used protocols were: a structures questionnaire with questions on sociodemographic and services perception data, and SF-36 quality of life instrument. The sociodemographic and SF-36 data ware analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the statistical package PASW 18.0; those related to treatment were submitted to thematic content analysis. The results revealed a sample mainly composed by men, married people, who attended high school and had already made previous donations, with the first two groups returning more often for donations. The scores of the SF-36 confirm the certificated of good health of the screens, beind high in all areas and featuring a healthy population; statistically significant differences were denoted between sexes, levels of education and marital status. The speeches about the service were mostly positive and had as main focus acess, agility, technical aspects and subjective feelings. The data regarding the Rio Grande do Norte blood donors profile confirmed some characteristics of the Brazilian ones, those data of the SF-36 were similar to those found in studies with healthy groups and the impressions about the care received show similarities with national and international studies about the attendance at blood banks

Ação de impugnação de mandato eletivo: análise constitucional e novas perspectivas

This study is developed in setting in which the Federal Constitution of 1988 completed 22 years of validity, as well as in general elections (national and state) in country. From this perspective, there are multiple reflections, especially on the constitutional mechanisms of popular sovereignty consolidation, the integrity and legitimacy of elections and democracy itself. It has appeared timely, therefore, to examine the development of ensured instrument of these precepts. Thus, it is approached as an object of research to Action of Impugnation to the Elective Mandate- AIEM, under Art.14, § 10 and § 11 of the Constitution of 1988, considering its constitutional and electoral reasons. It is then aimed to review the second AIEM conceptions of scale, systematic interpretation, preservation of constitutional rights and its effectiveness. Specifically, it is analyzed the Action as to the forms of power that relate to this. then it is examined the democracy principal aspects related to the issue. Without being followed, it is the democratic situation in which it is operated. They are also examined the political rights, especially regarding restraint applied to ineligibility and the possibility of integrating the effects of an impugnatory origin. Following, it has been discussed the formation of an early panorama, consisting of constitutional principles applied to electoral constituencies and eminently procedural principles and, according to which subsidizes the operations of such Action. After that, addressing the Election Law, including its concept, its sources, the Electoral Court and its peculiarities and functions. It is also considered the elective office as to its definition, characteristics and ways of accessing and extinguishing it. Afterwards, the Action of Impugnation is studied from its historical evolution of laws, legal, concept and goals. Expanding on the theme, it s highlighted about their chances of traditional appropriateness (economic power abuse, corruption and fraud) and modern (abuse of economic power intertwined with political) business, including the suggestion of suitability in case of abuse of unique political power. It was also identified the injurious potential demand affecting these illicit to enable the Action. Subsequently, other relevant aspects were explored, such as the legitimacy ad causam, competence, secrecy, procedure, recklessness, bad faith, the purpose of the merits and manageable resources. In the end, it is demonstrated an evolution of AIEM, however, still insufficient to reach full intentions that rise it. It is proposed therefore to re-read the action from news perspectives, based on constitutional and electoral precepts, as well as wider interpretation of the appropriateness of their assumptions of suitability and effects, according to a systematic interpretation, all aimed at the preservation of constitutional rights and their own effectiveness

Artérias destinadas ao útero e tuba uterina em gatas (Felis catus)

Trabalhamos com 36 gatas adultas, SRD, obtidas através de doações. em 30 desses animais foram injetados em seus vasos arteriais látex Neoprene 650 corado, para o estudo sistemático da origem e distribuição das artérias destinadas ao útero e tuba uterina. Seis desses animais foram utilizados para injeção de Acetado de Vinil, Método de Diafanização de Spaltholz e Radiografia de Contraste, para ilustrar nosso trabalho. Observamos que os vasos que se destinam à tuba uterina e ao útero provêm das artérias ováricas, artérias uterinas e suas colaterais (artéria vesical caudal e ramo uretral). em todas as observações (100%), a artéria ovárica tem sua origem na aorta e emite um ramo em 56,67% das observações para a tuba uterina, e, em 43,33% das vezes, para o corno uterino e tuba uterina. em todas as observações (100%), a artéria uterina tem sua origem na artéria vaginal, como um único vaso, e emite 1-4 ramos para a cérvix uterina, 1-2 ramos para a cérvix e corpo uterino, 1-4 ramos para o corpo uterino, 1-19 ramos para o corno uterino, 1 ramo para o corno uterino e tuba uterina e 1 ramo para a tuba uterina. A artéria vesical caudal e o ramo uretral auxiliam na irrigação da cérvix e corpo uterino, quando estes seguem para a uretra e bexiga, respectivamente. Encontramos anastomoses entre os ramos da artéria uterina e entre estes e os ramos da artéria ovárica.

A contribuição das mulheres para a igualdade na América Latina e no Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

A contribuição do voto de autoexclusão na segurança transfusional

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Benchmarking nos processos de gestão de qualidade entre dois serviços de hemmoterapia

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

A temática ambiental nos programas de governo para a Presidência da República do Partido dos Trabalhadores (1989-2006)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As sesmarias em Portugal e no Brasil: a colonização do Brasil analisada por meio das cartas de doação e dos forais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo etnobotânico de plantas alimentares cultivadas por moradores da periferia de Santo Antonio de Leverger, MT

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A influência do lobby do etanol na definição da política agrícola e energética dos Estados Unidos (2002-2011)

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

A Fundação Nacional Cubano-Americana (FNCA) na política externa dos Estados Unidos para Cuba

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Poder legislativo e educação no Pará: produção legislativa sob restrições institucionais (13ª e 14ª legislaturas)

Este é um estudo da produção legislativa em educação realizada na Assembléia Legislativa do Estado do Pará no período que corresponde as suas 13ª e 14ª legislaturas (1995-2002). O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar o tipo atividade legislativa que os parlamentares estaduais desenvolveram na área educacional na ALEPA por meio da análise do perfil da distribuição de benefícios que pretenderam fazer com esta produção e dos fatores que interviram na sua definição. A iniciativa desta pesquisa foi provoca pela consideração predominante acerca da atuação parlamentar que lhe atribui um caráter essencialmente distributivo (clientelista) na concessão de benefícios em vista de retornos políticos (eleitorais). Assim, a análise defrontou-se com dois problemas empíricos de investigação: primeiro, descobrir qual o perfil de benefícios que os parlamentares estaduais procuraram conceder em educação por meio da produção legislativa e, segundo, como explicar a sua emergência no contexto das legislaturas estudadas? Neste sentido, o trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, na primeira fez-se o levantamento e a organização dos dados das proposições legislativas apresentadas na área educacional na ALEPA no período indicado. Para a análise do perfil de benefícios empregou-se a teoria das decisões legislativas; o resultado foi confrontado, na segunda parte, com as principais abordagens explicativas do comportamento parlamentar. Concluiu-se que, ao contrário da perspectiva predominantemente, o perfil de distribuição de benefícios encontrado, não apresentou um caráter essencialmente distributivo, contudo, sua importância é secundária na constituição da legislação educacional do Estado, pois os fatores que intervem na sua definição decorrem das restrições institucionais que conformam o espaço da produção legislativa em educação na ALEPA, os quais estruturam as opções estratégicas dos parlamentares incentivando uma atuação, neste âmbito, de caráter não distributivo, porém, por outro lado, lhes retira a possibilidade de interferir na política educacional.

O dualismo partidário no período de 1966 a 1982 e sua representação local

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)