Caracterización del ausentismo laboral por causas médicas en una empresa de telecomunicaciones a nivel nacional

El absentismo laboral por causa medica afecta de manera global al trabajador, la empresa y a la sociedad ya que en cada uno de ellos tiene un efecto negativo para el desarrollo económico ,por esto resulta importante estudiar esta temática para avanzar en su prevención y adecuado control. Objetivo: caracterizar el absentismo laboral por causa médica de una empresa de telecomunicaciones. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a partir de una base de datos correspondiente a los registros de las incapacidades que se presentaron entre el 1 de enero y el 30 de junio de los años 2012, 2013 y 2014. Resultados: Durante el periodo evaluado se presentaron 243 incapacidades que generaron un total de 1.759 días perdidos Las principales causas de absentismo de origen médico para los periodos estudiados fueron las patologías asociadas al sistema osteomuscular, como dorsalgias, lumbagos, fracturas y heridas musculares. La tasa global de absentismo (TGA) por periodo presenta un incremento progresivo pasando de 13.79% en el 2012 a 20.90% en el año 2014. Conclusiones y recomendaciones: Predominan durante todos los periodos evaluados las incapacidades menores a tres días, las generadas en los trabajadores con cargo operativo. Las principales causas de absentismo laboral por causa médicas fueron las patologías asociadas al sistema osteomuscular, como dorsalgias, lumbagos, fracturas y heridas musculares. El comportamiento de las tasas globales de absentismo por enfermedad general, accidente de trabajo y enfermedad laboral a meritan que la empresa realice evaluaciones de tiempo y movimientos así como de la, carga de trabajo asignada a sus colaboradores, con el propósito de determinar si estas variables están determinando el incremento en la frecuencia y la severidad el absentismo observadas en el presente estudio.

Prevalencia de desordenes musculo-esqueléticos y su asociación con factores ergonómicos en trabajadores administrativos de una institución educativa de nivel superior 2015

Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de Desordenes Musculo Esqueléticos(DME) y su asociación con factores ergonómicos (postura, manipulación de carga y trabajo repetitivo) en trabajadores administrativos de una Institución Educativa de Nivel Superior (IENS). Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a 146 trabajadores de una IENS de la ciudad de Neiva (Huila), entre Abril y Mayo de 2015. Para la recolección de la información se utilizaron dos instrumentos: un instrumento para la caracterización sociodemográfica y ocupacional y el cuestionario estandarizado para identificar daños y exposición a riesgos ergonómicos en el trabajo (ERGOPAR). Resultados. El 90,4 % de los trabajadores presentaron molestia o dolor en alguna de las áreas del cuerpo, dentro de las cuales las más afectadas fueron las zonas del Cuello, hombros y/o espalda dorsal con el 79,9%, la espalda lumbar con el 65,8% y las manos y/o muñecas con el 49,3%. Conclusiones. Se encontró una asociación entre la exposición a factores ergonómicos y la presencia de DME, indicando que las posturas de trabajo forzadas o prolongadas y la manipulación de cargas representan un alto riesgo biomecánica para los trabajadores, lo cual se puede ver reflejado a mediano o largo plazo con el desarrollo de trastornos o enfermedades que pueden llegar a ser incapacitantes para los trabajadores, afectando su calidad de vida y su productividad laboral.

Profundización, apertura y cierre de mercados de exportación a nivel sectorial en Colombia : una estimación de los márgenes del comercio y su relación con el ciclo económico

En este trabajo se explora, desde el punto de vista empírico, el comportamiento de la profundización, apertura y cierre de mercados de exportación a nivel sectorial para Colombia durante el periodo 1997- 2010, con énfasis en los dos periodos de recesión que presenta la economía durante el mismo. Para ello se emplea una metodología de descomposición de los cambios registrados por el comercio, en sus márgenes intensivo y extensivo, que permite la identificación de estos fenómenos y su observación tanto a lo largo del tiempo como a nivel transversal. Los resultados indican que, en el corto plazo, el margen intensivo del comercio explica la mayor parte de las variaciones en las exportaciones, en tanto que en el mediano plazo se encuentra una importante contribución del margen extensivo a éstas. Adicionalmente, desde el punto de vista sectorial, la crisis de 1997-1999 no presenta un patrón homogéneo en términos del comportamiento de los márgenes del comercio, en tanto que la de 2008- 2009 se caracteriza por presentar un patrón más homogéneo a través de los distintos sectores de la actividad económica.

Estudio del impacto ambiental del uso del bagazo como fuente de energía en centrales azucareros en Cuba. Estudio de caso "Melanio Hernández"

This work was carried out to study the environmental impacts produced by power generation from biomass (bagasse) in sugar mills in Cuba. For this purpose, with the collaboration of the Center for Energy and Industrial Processes (CEEPI), the University Center of Sancti Spiritus and using different research methods and techniques, conducted an environmental survey of the area. Gaseous emissions were characterized and the suspended solid particles, allowing knowing that these concentrations do not exceed the maximum emission limit set by the cubana Standard. In addition, the dispersion model applied DISPER allowed us to obtain information in crisis conditions of air emissions from sugar mill and distillery associated and concluded that emissions from the distillery are the pollutants that contribute more the atmosphere. The correlating emissions with respiratory diseases, (acute respiratory infections or subacute (IRA) and ASMA), concurrent Asthma Crisis (CAB) is the most affected. The calculated costs associated in these diseases, amounting to $ 119 599.23 per year. In order to minimize the negative alternatives are proposed to be implemented in industry and community.

Reposicionamento da marca Portugal

RESUMO: A Marca de um País também vende. A imagem de um País é nos dias de hoje um activo muito importante para a sua economia. Uma marca é uma promessa feita ao consumidor, é o ponto de referência de todas as impressões, positivas e negativas adquiridas ao longo do tempo. O Marketing é a ferramenta que deverá percepcionar, estudar e apresentar factores de diferenciação, mostrar e convencer os consumidores das qualidades de um produto ou serviço. A realidade impõe uma atenção especial ao tema e a Marca Portugal teve um boom de programas de desenvolvimento e de promoção a partir dos anos 90 do séc. XX. O responsável pela gestão da Marca Portugal é o Governo, através da AICEP, Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal, que tem como missão aumentar a notoriedade de Portugal, dinamizando o investimento estruturante e a internacionalização das empresas, criando condições competitivas e estimulando a exportação no Mercado Global, diversificando a oferta dos produtos e os Países de Destino. A falta de estratégia e os planos mal sucedidos, são alguns dos erros apontados à gestão da Marca Portugal, mas é determinante assumir claramente que a assumpção da Marca e o seu Reposicionamento é um vector estratégico para o desenvolvimento do País. Portugal tem boas referências, na indústria, nos serviços, tem produto, que podem ajudar a promover a imagem global de Portugal e contribuir para o aumento das receitas, seja das exportações, do Turismo ou do Investimento Estrangeiro. Portugal precisa de um Plano de Marketing e de uma entidade gestora de Marca, que garanta uma gestão eficaz da Marca Portugal, integrada e articulada com todos os produtos e serviços estratégicos para a exportação ou para o consumo interno. Esta dissertação apresenta um Modelo de Reposicionamento da Marca Portugal que agrega todos os pontos positivos que Portugal possui, como, a sua capacidade de vendas, o seu potencial para se investir, o que há para ser visitado, e desenvolve um programa sério e transversal que promova Portugal no estrangeiro e que atraia investidores e visitantes. ABSTRACT: The Brand of a Nation also sells. The image of a country is, nowadays, an important asset for its economy. A brand is a promise made to the consumer; it is the reference point for all impressions, positive and negative acquired over time. Marketing is the tool that must perceive, study and present differentiation factors, must show and convince consumers about the qualities of a product or service. Reality demands a special attention to this topic and the Portugal Brand experienced a development and promotion program boom since the 20th Century 90’s. Currently, the figure in charge of the management of the Portugal Brand is the Government, through AICEP, whose mission is to increase the notoriety of Portugal, captivating structural investment and the internationalization of enterprises, mainly small and medium businesses, creating competitive conditions and stimulating exports to the Global Market, diversifying product offer and Destination Countries. Some errors have been pointed out in the management of the Portugal Brand, such as lack of strategy and unsuccessful plans, but it is imperative to irrevocably understand that Brand assumption and its Repositioning is a strategic vector for the development of the Country. Portugal has good references, either in industry, or services, has product, that help promoting Portugal’s global image and contributing to an increase in revenues, either in exports, Tourism or Direct Investment. Portugal needs a Marketing Plan and a Brand management entity, such as a Brand strategic executive council, to ensure an effective management of the Portugal Brand, integrated and articulated with all the products and services flagged as strategic assets for exportation or domestic use. This thesis presents a Repositioning Model of the Portugal Brand that aggregates all positive aspects that Portugal has, such as sale capacity, potential for investment, lots of places to visit, and develops a serious and transversal program to promote Portugal abroad and to attract investors and visitors alike.

An instructional design model for constructivist learning

The emergent requirements for effective e-learning calls for a paradigm shift for instructional design. Constructivist theory and semiotics offer a sound underpinning to enable such revolutionary change by employing the concepts of Learning Objects. E-learning guidelines adopted by the industry have led successfully to the development of training materials. Inadequacy and deficiency of those methods for Higher Education have been identified in this paper. Based on the best practice in industry and our empirical research, we present an instructional design model with practical templates for constructivist learning.

e-learning services provision and management

With the rapid development of information technology, learners demand effective personalised learning support, which imposes a new learning paradigm in learning content management. Standards as well as best practice in industry and research community have taken place to address the paradigm shift. With respect to this trend, it is recognised that finding learning content which meet personal learning requirements remains challenging. This paper describes a model of e-learning services provision which integrates the best practice in e-learning and Web services technology so that learning content management is capable of supporting applications of learning services.

Prediction of coagulation properties, titratable acidity and pH of bovine milk using mid-infrared spectroscopy

This study investigated the potential application of mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR 4,000–900 cm−1) for the determination of milk coagulation properties (MCP), titratable acidity (TA), and pH in Brown Swiss milk samples (n = 1,064). Because MCP directly influence the efficiency of the cheese-making process, there is strong industrial interest in developing a rapid method for their assessment. Currently, the determination of MCP involves time-consuming laboratory-based measurements, and it is not feasible to carry out these measurements on the large numbers of milk samples associated with milk recording programs. Mid-infrared spectroscopy is an objective and nondestructive technique providing rapid real-time analysis of food compositional and quality parameters. Analysis of milk rennet coagulation time (RCT, min), curd firmness (a30, mm), TA (SH°/50 mL; SH° = Soxhlet-Henkel degree), and pH was carried out, and MIR data were recorded over the spectral range of 4,000 to 900 cm−1. Models were developed by partial least squares regression using untreated and pretreated spectra. The MCP, TA, and pH prediction models were improved by using the combined spectral ranges of 1,600 to 900 cm−1, 3,040 to 1,700 cm−1, and 4,000 to 3,470 cm−1. The root mean square errors of cross-validation for the developed models were 2.36 min (RCT, range 24.9 min), 6.86 mm (a30, range 58 mm), 0.25 SH°/50 mL (TA, range 3.58 SH°/50 mL), and 0.07 (pH, range 1.15). The most successfully predicted attributes were TA, RCT, and pH. The model for the prediction of TA provided approximate prediction (R2 = 0.66), whereas the predictive models developed for RCT and pH could discriminate between high and low values (R2 = 0.59 to 0.62). It was concluded that, although the models require further development to improve their accuracy before their application in industry, MIR spectroscopy has potential application for the assessment of RCT, TA, and pH during routine milk analysis in the dairy industry. The implementation of such models could be a means of improving MCP through phenotypic-based selection programs and to amend milk payment systems to incorporate MCP into their payment criteria.

Assisted remote viewing of a teleoperation work cell

Intelligent viewing systems are required if efficient and productive teleoperation is to be applied to dynamic manufacturing environments. These systems must automatically provide remote views to an operator which assist in the completion of the task. This assistance increases the productivity of the teleoperation task if the robot controller is responsive to the unpredictable dynamic evolution of the workcell. Behavioral controllers can be utilized to give reactive 'intelligence.' The inherent complex structure of current systems, however, places considerable time overheads on any redesign of the emergent behavior. In industry, where the remote environment and task frequently change, this continual redesign process becomes inefficient. We introduce a novel behavioral controller, based on an 'ego-behavior' architecture, to command an active camera (a camera mounted on a robot) within a remote workcell. Using this ego-behavioral architecture the responses from individual behaviors are rapidly combined to produce an 'intelligent' responsive viewing system. The architecture is single-layered, each behavior being autonomous with no explicit knowledge of the number, description or activity of other behaviors present (if any). This lack of imposed structure decreases the development time as it allows each behavior to be designed and tested independently before insertion into the architecture. The fusion mechanism for the behaviors provides the ability for each behavior to compete and/or co-operate with other behaviors for full or partial control of the viewing active camera. Each behavior continually reassesses this degree of competition or co-operation by measuring its own success in controlling the active camera against pre-defined constraints. The ego-behavioral architecture is demonstrated through simulation and experimentation.

The future of stakeholder management theory: a temporal perspective

We propose adding a temporal dimension to stakeholder management theory, and assess the implications thereof for firm-level competitive advantage. We argue that a firm’s competitive advantage fundamentally depends on its capacity for stakeholder management related, transformational adaptation over time. Our new temporal stakeholder management approach builds upon insights from both the resource-based view (RBV) in strategic management and institutional theory. Stakeholder agendas and their relative salience to the firm evolve over time, a phenomenon well understood in the literature, and requiring what we call level 1 adaptation. However, the dominant direction of stakeholder pressures can also change, namely, from supporting resource heterogeneity at the firm level to fostering industry homogeneity, and vice versa. When dominant stakeholder pressures shift from supporting heterogeneity towards stimulating homogeneity in industry, the firm must engage in level 2 or transformational adaptation. Stakeholders typically provide valuable resources to the firm in an early stage. Without these resources, which foster heterogeneity (in line with RBV thinking), the firm would not exist. At a later stage, stakeholders also contribute to inter-firm homogeneity via isomorphism pressures (in line with institutional theory thinking). Adding a temporal dimension to stakeholder management theory has far reaching implications for this theory’s practical relevance to senior level management in business.

Crystal structure and statistical coupling analysis of highly glycosylated peroxidase from royal palm tree (Roystonea regia)

Royal palm tree peroxidase (RPTP) is a very stable enzyme in regards to acidity, temperature, H(2)O(2), and organic solvents. Thus, RPTP is a promising candidate for developing H(2)O(2)-sensitive biosensors for diverse applications in industry and analytical chemistry. RPTP belongs to the family of class III secretory plant peroxidases, which include horseradish peroxidase isozyme C, soybean and peanut peroxidases. Here we report the X-ray structure of native RPTP isolated from royal palm tree (Roystonea regia) refined to a resolution of 1.85 angstrom. RPTP has the same overall folding pattern of the plant peroxidase superfamily, and it contains one heme group and two calcium-binding sites in similar locations. The three-dimensional structure of RPTP was solved for a hydroperoxide complex state, and it revealed a bound 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid molecule (MES) positioned at a putative substrate-binding secondary site. Nine N-glycosylation sites are clearly defined in the RPTP electron-density maps, revealing for the first time conformations of the glycan chains of this highly glycosylated enzyme. Furthermore, statistical coupling analysis (SCA) of the plant peroxidase superfamily was performed. This sequence-based method identified a set of evolutionarily conserved sites that mapped to regions surrounding the heme prosthetic group. The SCA matrix also predicted a set of energetically coupled residues that are involved in the maintenance of the structural folding of plant peroxidases. The combination of crystallographic data and SCA analysis provides information about the key structural elements that could contribute to explaining the unique stability of RPTP. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modular Product Verifications Based on Design for Assembly

The desire to conquer markets through advanced product design and trendy business strategies are still predominant approaches in industry today. In fact, product development has acquired an ever more central role in the strategic planning of companies, and it has extended its influence to R&D funding levels as well. It is not surprising that many national R&D project frameworks within the EU today are dominated by product development topics, leaving production engineering, robotics, and systems on the sidelines. The reasons may be many but, unfortunately, the link between product development and the production processes they cater for are seldom treated in depth. The issue dealt with in this article relates to how product development is applied in order to attain the required production quality levels a company may desire, as well as how one may counter assembly defects and deviations through quantifiable design approaches. It is recognized that product verifications (tests, inspections, etc.) are necessary, but the application of these tactics often result in lead-time extensions and increased costs. Modular architectures improve this by simplifying the verification of the assembled product at module level. Furthermore, since Design for Assembly (DFA) has shown the possibility to identify defective assemblies, it may be possible to detect potential assembly defects already in the product and module design phase. The intention of this paper is to discuss and describe the link between verifications of modular architectures, defects and design for assembly. The paper is based on literature and case studies; tables and diagrams are included with the intention of increasing understanding of the relation between poor designs, defects and product verifications.

Percepções de qualidade, sacrifício e valor: uma investigação em serviços bancários

Esta Tese estuda o valor percebido nos serviços bancários. Valor percebido é definido como uma equalização entre qualidade percebida e sacrifícios monetário e não monetário percebidos. A qualidade do relacionamento com o gerente e o crédito são dois importantes constructos, com impacto no desempenho da qualidade percebida. Obteve-se uma amostra final de 340 empresas de médio porte, com atuação na indústria, comércio e serviços, localizadas na Grande São Paulo. A partir da modelagem de equações estruturais, deu-se o exame empírico das relações entre seis constructos, configuradas em um modelo base e dois rivais. Os resultados mostraram que o crédito tem um efeito positivo na qualidade de relacionamento; a qualidade de relacionamento tem um efeito positivo na qualidade percebida; a qualidade percebida tem um efeito positivo no valor percebido; o sacrifício monetário tem um efeito positivo na qualidade percebida e negativo no valor percebido; sacrifício não monetário tem um efeito negativo no valor percebido. No final, discutem-se os resultados, fornecem-se implicações gerenciais e acadêmicas e apontam-se limitações, com sugestões para futuras pesquisas.