927 resultados para Communicative musicality
Resumo:
In an attempt to find out which of the two Swedish prosodic contrasts of 1) wordstress pattern and 2) tonal word accent category has the greatest communicative weight, a lexical decision experiment was conducted: in one part word stress pattern was changed from trochaic to iambic, and in the other part trochaic accentII words were changed to accent I.Native Swedish listeners were asked to decide whether the distorted words werereal words or ‘non-words’. A clear tendency is that listeners preferred to give more‘non-word’ responses when the stress pattern was shifted, compared to when wordaccent category was shifted. This could have implications for priority of phonological features when teaching Swedish as a second language.
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This thesis focuses upon a series of empirical studies which examine communication and learning in online glocal communities within higher education in Sweden. A recurring theme in the theoretical framework deals with issues of languaging in virtual multimodal environments as well as the making of identity and negotiation of meaning in these settings; analyzing the activity, what people do, in contraposition to the study of how people talk about their activity. The studies arise from netnographic work during two online Italian for Beginners courses offered by a Swedish university. Microanalyses of the interactions occurring through multimodal video-conferencing software are amplified by the study of the courses’ organisation of space and time and have allowed for the identification of communicative strategies and interactional patterns in virtual learning sites when participants communicate in a language variety with which they have a limited experience. The findings from the four studies included in the thesis indicate that students who are part of institutional virtual higher educational settings make use of several resources in order to perform their identity positions inside the group as a way to enrich and nurture the process of communication and learning in this online glocal community. The sociocultural dialogical analyses also shed light on the ways in which participants gathering in discursive technological spaces benefit from the opportunity to go to class without commuting to the physical building of the institution providing the course. This identity position is, thus, both experienced by participants in interaction, and also afforded by the ‘spaceless’ nature of the online environment.
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Students in upper secondary school write in a number of different genres, and do this in school contexts as well as in their spare time. The study presented here is an overview of this activity and the genres concerned. The theoretical framework of the study is that of genre theory whereby genre is understood as a socially situated concept. The study is based on 2 000 texts gathered from students on different study programmes all over Sweden in the school year of 1996-97. The texts were written in different situations. The most important distinction made here is between test texts (i.e. texts from national tests) and self-chosen texts, which may come from schoolwriting or spare-time writing. The texts are categorized according to genre. This text inventory shows a repertoire of 33 different genres in the text material. A small number of genres, such as story, book-review and expository essay dominate the school writing. The test genres differ from this pattern in that they clearly imitate texts with a genuine communicative intent. The most frequent genres are studied further and each of them is demonstrated by an interpretative reading. This reading shows that the genres differ considerably with respect to genre character and stability of text structure. A quantitative study of text length and variation in vocabulary further shows that texts written by two categories of students, those on vocationally oriented programmes and those on programmes preparing for higher education, differ significantly. Reference cohesion is studied in a smaller sample of the texts. This lexico-semantic mechanism of cohesion proves to exhibit an interrelation with variation in vocabulary as well as with text type. One particular cohesive tie, inference, shows different patterns in texts written by the two categories of students mentioned above.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar qué competencias generales y qué competencias comunicativas, según el enfoque comunicativo, se promueven en tres libros de texto de español como lengua extranjera y determinar su relación con la variable afectiva de la ansiedad. Para alcanzar los planteamientos de nuestra investigación utilizamos una aproximación cualitativa, empleando el cuestionario de análisis NAKIBAR 2004 perteneciente al trabajo de investigación realizado por Joseba Ezeiza Ramos (2004). Los resultados muestran que los tres materiales didácticos satisfacen cada criterio del enfoque comunicativo en diversos grados. Sin embargo, ambos libros constituyen la exteriorización de dicho método, con el fin preciso de apoyar al estudiante en desarrollar la habilidad de poner en función los procesos de comunicación. Es por esto por lo que este tipo de actividades podrían potencialmente activar sentimientos de aprensión
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International assessments indicate that Swedish students achieve high results in reading, writing and understanding English. However, this does not mean that the students display oral proficiency, despite an emphasis on functional and communicative language skills in the current English Syllabus. While a previous literature study by this researcher has shown that authentic texts are a way to increase these skills, most of the results shown are from an international viewpoint. Thus an empirical study was conducted within Sweden with the aim to examine the use of authentic texts in the Swedish EFL upper elementary classroom. Twelve teachers have answered a questionnaire on how they use authentic texts in their language teaching, as well as their opinions about these as a teaching tool. Additionally, 37 students have answered a questionnaire on their attitudes about authentic texts. Results indicate that all of the teachers surveyed see authentic texts as an effective way to increase students’ communicative competence and English language skills; however, only a few use them with any frequency in language teaching. Furthermore, this seems to affect the students’ attitudes, since many say that they read authentic texts in their free time, but prefer to learn English out of a textbook at school. These findings are based on a small area of Sweden. Therefore, further research is needed to learn if these opinions hold true for the entire country or vary dependent upon region or other factors not taken into consideration in this study.
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The communicative approach to language learning is widely taught in Western education, and yet its predecessor, the grammar-translation method, is still commonly employed in other parts of the world. In Sweden, the increasing popularity of the communicative approach is often justified by the high level of students’ communicative skills (Öhman, 2013). At the same time, students’ written texts and speech contain many grammatical errors (Öhman, 2013). Consequently, being aware of their tendency to produce grammatical errors, some students express beliefs regarding both the explicit and implicit learning of grammar (Sawir, 2005; Boroujeni, 2012). The objective of this thesis is to gain more knowledge regarding students’ beliefs concerning the learning of English grammar at the upper secondary level, in Sweden. With this purpose a survey was conducted in two schools in Sweden, where 49 upper-secondary English students participated. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to process the collected data. Despite some difference in the participants’ ages, there were many similarities in their attitudes towards the teaching and learning of grammar. The results show that the participants in both schools believe that only by applying both, explicit and implicit methods, can they obtain a high level of language proficiency. The results of this study can help teachers in planning different activities that enhance the students’ knowledge of grammar.
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Enhancing Intercultural Communication in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language – An Action Research Study Over the past few decades, the rapid development of information communication technology, internationalization and globalization worldwide have required a shift in the focus of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) towards competence in intercultural communication in which the role of culture in the acquisition of CFL and in the pragmatic use of the language is emphasized and promoted. However, most of the current research in this academic area remains only on a theoretical level. Practical examples, particularly with regard to distance learning/teaching of the Chinese language, are very limited. This motivated the implementation of an action research study which aimed at exploring the possibilities and limitations of integrating Chinese culture and applying intercultural communication theory into a contemporary distance CFL course for beginners. By observing and comparing the performance of subjects in the control and experimental groups, this action research study focuses on exploring three basic areas. Firstly, it discloses the cultural elements which underlie effective daily communication. Secondly, it investigates how students acquire cultural knowledge and develop their ability to competently communicate in the target course. And thirdly, it evaluates how the modified course syllabus could enhance students’ intercultural communicative competence. The findings of the research aim to serve as both a resource and reference for educators and researchers who are interested in carrying out reforms and research in this academic domain.
Resumo:
O desvelamento das racionalidades imersas nas ações docentes de uma escola de qualificação profissional de auxiliares de enfermagem, compõem a área temática deste estudo. No intuito de atingirmos esta dimensão de análise, abordamos as seguintes questões de pesquisa: - Qual o entendimento das docentes sobre o seu trabalho enquanto enfermeiras e professoras?; - Qual o entendimento das docentes sobre o trabalho e a qualificação profissional de auxiliares de enfermagem?; - Quais as ações que orientam a prática docente na qualificação profissional, como indicativos da(s) racionalidade(s)?; - Que dimensões estariam presentes na ação docente que possibilitariam uma ação comunicativa?. A teoria de Jürgen Habermas é utilizado como aporte para as idéias trabalhadas neste estudo. A Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, em sua proposta básica, centra-se nas dimensões de desvelamento ideológico de interesses, uso do conhecimento e da racionalidade na busca da emancipação e da autonomia. Esta teoria diferencia três tipos de racionalidades ou ações: instrumental, estratégica e comunicativa. Na coleta de dados é empregada entrevista semi-estruturada, cujas perguntas contemplam as questões acima delineadas, aplicadas à oito professores de uma escola escolhida intencionalmente. A análise de dados utiliza o método de análise de discurso conforme a Pragmática Formal apresentada por Habermas (1987), a qual se preocupa com as dimensões internas e externas dos atos de fala, nem sempre vinculados a questões gramaticais, valendo mais o significado e a consideração de falibilidade da verdade expressa (Habermas, 1987). A dimensão do trabalho das Professoras como categoria teórica, envolve a atividade docente e de enfermeira. No significado que possuem de trabalho, o mesmo é concebido como um agir-racional-com-respeito-a-afins, uma vez que é entendido como uma relação meio-fim. A divisão social e técnica do trabalho, bem como a fragmentação entre a concepção intelectual e manual, são apresentadas em situações distintas ao se referirem ao seu trabalho e ao das auxiliares de enfermagem. Nos seus atos de fala expressam o descontentamento em seguirem normas pré-estabelecidas, com a rotinização dos cuidados e a burocratização dos serviços. No entanto, reproduzem este sistema hierarquizado na relação com as auxiliares de enfermagem, articulando o seu poder como forma de manterem o controle sobre o produto do trabalho. No relacionamento com profissionais de 3º grau surge a hegemonia médica, assumindo as Professoras um posicionamento de submissão, justificado por não considerarem o cuidado de enfermagem como detentor de saber próprio, além do que o trabalho médico teria um conhecimento reconhecido; outras Professoras, em menor expressão, reconhecem a existência de hegemonia, posicionam-se frente a esses profissionais em uma relação de iguais, questionando-os. A qualificação profissional das auxiliares de enfermagem é trazida nos atos de fala em uma racionalidade instrumental, visando a formação técnico-científica. As ações docentes não trazem as bases de uma racionalidade comunicativa. No entanto, é realizado pela pesquisadora, a proposta de desenvolvimento desta realidade na qualificação profissional de auxiliares de enfermagem.
Resumo:
O objetivo da dissertação é investigar se o perfil dos gerentes do Banco Central apresenta características que possibilitem uma atuação condizente com os conceitos contemporâneos de gestão: maior flexibilização, descentralização das decisões, delegação, participação, críatividade, inovação, suscetibilidade a mudanças, racionalidade administrativa, investimento na valorízação do corpo funcional, compartilhando uma gerência mais dialógica/comunicativa; ou se ainda perduram os conceitos de uma gestão tradicionalista, weberíana, tais como: centralização, controle e apego ao tecnicismo, autoridade hierárquica, verticalização, impessoalidade, padronização de métodos e procedimentos. Para tanto foram realizadas pesqUIsas bibliográfica e documental de forma a embasar conceitualmente as relações entre a teoria e a prática gerencial no Banco Central. As características do perfil dos gerentes foram levantadas, via entrevistas, com o Presidente e Diretores, e por intermédio de questionários com os próprios gerentes e seus subordinados, o que nos levou a perceber a gestão do Banco sob três enfoques: Alta Administração, grupo gerencial e grupo operacional. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que apesar de os gerentes do Banco Central apresentarem uma tendência ao tradicionalismo, na visão dos subordinados, eles se percebem num momento de transição, coerente com a mudança de paradigma, absorvendo os novos conceitos da gestão contemporânea, posição avalizada pela Superior Administração.
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The goal of this work is to present a contribution to the critical analysis of the rationality that supports the action of the members of productive organizations, starting from a perspective of the man's emancipation in the ambit of the work. The focus of attention is related to the administrative practices of one of the largest Brazilian's private foundations that they were analyzed based on the distinction among instrumental and substantive rationality and of the theory of the communicative action. The main research method used was the 'participant observation' that allowed to the author to verify in loco the rationality that permeates the administrative practices of the researched Foundation. The importance of this study is in the fact that are scarce the studies about the management of nonprofit organizations. For increasing, every day, the emphasis that the society is giving to the third sector, for the expectation of its growth, so much in quantitative level as of influence degree about the people's life, and for placing in the position of offering answers and solutions for the problems that the State doesn't get to solve, the third sector and its organizations need a theoretical reference for its administration that is coherent with its emancipatory purpose. The results led to conclusions that alert the managers of the private foundations to review the practices adopted in the management of those organizations and stimulate the debate and the continuity of researches on the theme.
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This dissertation presents a research aimed at identifying and explaining the individual perceptions as far as the introduction of computer technology concerning the organization change process and the reason underlying those changes, utilizing for study purposes, a customer attendance agency of INSS , located in São Luís-MA, which data collection was carried out by interviews with three managers and application of to thirty employees, all of them working at the unit researched. The core point was to identify feelings and perceptions of individuals, and the reason steering the change actions deployed in this office. Based on this perception, it is presented a literature review on the main thinkers who discussed the role, and the relevance of reasoning in the development of human relations, both in the organizations and in society. To start with, Max Weber thinking on rationality was introduced, on the sequence, the discussion raised by the Frankfurt School in its first phase, mainly on the Max Horkheimer thinking and finally it is shown a summary of Jurgen Habermas thinking, mainly concerning its communicative action theory proposed as a path to emancipation of individual of current instrumental reasoning. Summing up, we can conclude from this research that perceptions, feelings and opinions indicate that the institution uses to discuss with the civil servants the implementation of change process. For those servants the excessive functional control, the limitation of knowledge production and an artificial functional integration are consequences of the shape and intensity, as well as of computer technologies deployed in the institution. It is also shared by most of civil servants, including managers, that the overall participation would have more validity and would decrease the resistance to those changes. And it is also worth registering that despite of the servants having job stability, only 50% have positive expectations as far as its future in the institution.
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This study has as objective to present a proposal to analyze the politics of the Human Resource of the Bank of Brazil utilizing the Theory of sign" (semiotic) as a theory tool, connecting to the organizational usages that had been historically stable and a new speech from the directory body that search for excellence and modernity. It¿s necessary to identify the adequate strategies to manage human resources in a businesses considered excellent and that the Bank search to utilize (benchmarking), doing a semiotic cut, in other words, isolating the communicative aspect, to find how she produces the understanding of what really need to be done at the company. If the purpose of the Bank of Brazil is to reunite an associated team, guided to results progressively better, that makes it even more competitive, and achieve its mission "to be the solution to services and the finance intermediation, to attend the expectation of clients and shareholders, to fortify the liability between the public functionary and the company and to be useful to society", should implement a model weaved in the daily one of organization to start from the creation of adequate institutional channels rewards (promotions, direct or indirect salaries, training) that privilege the aptitude an constant learning. Through the bibliographical research, will be looked to select illustrious representative texts of the specialized literature that corroborates the idea that the Bank of Brazil possess the necessary management tools to a good management of Human Resources, lacking adjust them, through the acquisition of abilities. For in such a way one will search in internal documents, data on the management of the company, interpreting them to the light of the bibliographical research. Finally it will be included participant comment as link between the theory and the practical one, the speech and the action."
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o texto mostra um estudo de caso, de caráter qualitativo, sobre o desempenho do Conselho Municipal de Saúde do Recife/CMS-Recife, numa perspectiva democrática de gestão. Visa, prioritariamente, a identificar as condições sob as quais se torna possível obter consensos que sejam representativos das necessidades de saúde da população por ele abrangida. A partir de um tratamento conceitual sobre a tríade "democracia, descentralização e participação", descreve os processos que levam à definição - na carta constitucional de 1988 - do Sistema Único de SaúdeSUS, e à instituição formal do Conselho, no município estudado. Evidencia a possibilidade e pertinência da aplicação da teoria do agir comunicativo, do filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas, no ponto em que estabelece a vinculação entre a identificação das necessidades de saúde e a definição de modelos de organização das práticas do setor, através dos conselhos municipais. Sob tal enfoque, com o recurso do método hermenêutico-dialético, investiga o material obtido nas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, nas entrevistas e pela técnica da observação aplicada em reuniões realizadas pelo Conselho, em atividade a partir de agosto de 1993. Revela, para o momento atual, seu distanciamento em relação ao conceito de "situação de fala ideal", ao mesmo tempo em que, face os avanços obtidos, justifica sua valorização como instrumento de construção democrática e consolidação da cidadania.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho e o de propor um modelo teórico de atuação para a Psicologia Organizacional calcado nos seguintes fundamentos: a visão dialética da interação indivíduo/organização proporcionada pela reavaliação do conceito de inclusão parcial nos papéis de Floyd Allport; a recuperação da memória dos acontecimentos passados que influenciam a dinâmica a teoria da competência comunicativa de Juergen Habermas e o método dos grupos operativos de Pichon Riviere. A trajetória percorrida para a concretização deste propósito partiu dos pressupostos de Kuhn, através da formulação de uma hipótese inicial de que os problemas enfrentados pela Psicologia Organizacional decorrem de crenças que orientam a produção de conhecimentos na área. Com a finalidade de comprovar-se a afirmação anterior estabeleceu-se uma análise das diversas correntes responsáveis pelas principais contribuições teóricas no campo categorizando-as nos seguintes paradigmas: burocrático, sistema aberto, relações humanas, humanista e da contingência e indicando-se, simultaneamente, os obstáculos epistemológicos apresentados pelos respectivos paradigmas. A seguir buscou-se, nas contribuições dos teóricos ligados ao movimento filosófico - denominado Escola de Frankfurt - aquelas julgadas as mais significativas à compreensão dos fenômenos, objeto da Psicologia Organizacional. Estas contribuições constituiram-se, assim, em sustentação para o modelo proposto. Como consequência da adoção do paradigma frankfurteano obteve-se uma reorientação no campo e no objeto da Psicologia Organizacional, permitindo-se, também, vislumbrar com maior clareza uma articulação com os campos de atuação da Psicologia do Trabalho e da Psicologia Institucional.
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Esta dissertação pretende examinar a relação entre democracia representativa (eleitoral) e democracia participativa, assim como os diferentes graus de influência da participação, direta ou indireta através de representantes, de atores e grupos socioculturais, antes excluídos, em espaços deliberativos, especialmente em conferências, conselhos, seminários e fóruns abertos para a elaboração de políticas públicas. Para tanto, o trabalho baseia-se na discussão sobre a crise da representação política e a relação com a participação social desenvolvida no âmbito da teoria democrática contemporânea e são utilizados aspectos extraídos da literatura sobre a elaboração de políticas públicas, o conceito de capital social de Pierre Bourdieu e a ideia de democracia comunicativa de Iris Young. A metodologia do trabalho consiste em três estudos de caso interligados: o nacional, relativo à participação em espaços deliberativos e à representação político-eleitoral principalmente para elaboração do Plano Nacional de Cultura; o estadual, relativo à representação política e participação para elaboração de políticas de cultura em Pernambuco; e um caso municipal, a análise da participação em espaços deliberativos abertos para a elaboração do plano e de políticas de cultura no município de Recife.