A cytoplasmically transmissible hypovirulence phenotype associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica.

Mutations causing mitochondrial defects were induced in a virulent strain of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Virulence on apples and chestnut trees was reduced in four of six extensively characterized mutants. Relative to the virulent progenitor, the attenuated mutants had reduced growth rates, abnormal colony morphologies, and few asexual spores, and they resembled virus-infected strains. The respiratory defects and attenuated virulence phenotypes (hypovirulence) were transmitted from two mutants to a virulent strain by hyphal contact. The infectious transmission of hypovirulence occurred independently of the transfer of nuclei, did not involve a virus, and dynamically reflects fungal diseases caused by mitochondrial mutations. In these mutants, mitochondrial mutations are further implicated in generation of the attenuated state by (i) uniparental (maternal) inheritance of the trait, (ii) presence of high levels of cyanide-insensitive mitochondrial alternative oxidase activity, (iii) cytochrome deficiencies, and (iv) structural abnormalities in the mtDNA. Hence, cytoplasmically transmissible hypovirulence phenotypes found in virus-free strains of C. parasitica from recovering trees may be caused by mutant forms of mtDNA.

Covered in Dust: Coming of Age in a Gazebo Factory

This memoir chronicles the three summers I spent working in the factories at Chestnut Hill Gazebos. It focuses on three narrative strands: the day-to-day life of a factory worker, the struggles within and eventual breakdown of my relationship with my girlfriend, and how my job at Chestnut Hill helped me critique my fundamentalist Christian roots by forcing me into a deeper understanding of my faith and its relationship to the world outside the confines of my upbringing. The critical afterword uses essays by Leona Toker and other theorists as a framework for understanding how I approached several different problems when writing my memoir, such as how to present incomplete memories of events, whether or not to condense events for the sake of a more streamlined narrative, and whether or not a memoirist should use composite characters. I explain how various practitioners and critics influenced my decisions, and I also compare my approach to the practices of other memoirists.

The cultivation of Castanea sativa (Mill.) in Europe, from its origin to its diffusion on a continental scale

The history of Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut) cultivation since medieval times has been well described on the basis of the very rich documentation available. Far fewer attempts have been made to give a historical synthesis of the events that led to the cultivation of sweet chestnut in much earlier times. In this article we attempt to reconstruct this part of the European history of chestnut cultivation and its early diffusion by use of different sources of information, such as pollen studies, archaeology, history and literature. Using this multidisciplinary approach, we have tried to identify the roles of the Greek and Roman civilizations in the dissemination of chestnut cultivation on a European scale. In particular, we show that use of the chestnut for food was not the primary driving force behind the introduction of the tree into Europe by the Romans. Apart from the Insubrian Region in the north of the Italian peninsula, no other centre of chestnut cultivation existed in Europe during the Roman period. The Romans may have introduced the idea of systematically cultivating and using chestnut. In certain cases they introduced the species itself; however no evidence of systematic planting of chestnut exists. The greatest interest in the management of chestnut for fruit production most probably developed after the Roman period and can be associated with the socio-economic structures of medieval times. It was then that self-sufficient cultures based on the cultivation of chestnut as a source of subsistence were formed.

Boston College's move to Chestnut Hill /

"November, 1983."

Gasson's rotunda : gallery of art, history, and religion /

"April 1992."

The Foster Cadets of Boston College /

"January, 1983."

The Spirit maketh alive : an early Protestant view of Boston College /

"April 1991."

Rules of gentlemanly conduct /

"March 1983."

Boston College's Boston Priests : an account of Boston College men who became priests of the Archdiocese of Boston, 1877-1993 /

"September 1993."

Fulton of Fulton Hall /

"February 1995."

The College and the city : a history of the Boston College Club /

"March 2003."

Tactile warnings to promote safety in the vicinity of transit platform edges. Final report.

Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D.C.

Ordinances of the corporation of the city of Philadelphia; to which are prefixed, the original charter, the Act of incorporation, and other acts of Assembly relating to the city; with an appendix, containing the regulation of the bank of the river Delaware, the portraiture of the city, as originally laid out by the proprietor, &c. &c.

Shaw-Shoemaker #26440.

Potential means of cost reduction in grade crossings motorist-warning control equipment. Volume I: overview, technology survey and relay alternatives. Final report.

Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Mass.

The Coronation hymnal : a selection of hymns and songs /

Includes indexes.