VUV-UV excited luminescent properties of calcium borophosphate doped with rare earth ions

The VUV-UV spectra of rare earth ions activated calcium borophosphate, CaBPO5:RE (RE = Ce3+, sm(3+), Eu2+, Eu3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+) were determined. The bands at about 155 nm in the VUV excitation spectra are attributed to the host lattice absorptions. The bands at 166 and 190 nm for the sample CaBPO5:Sm have been considered as related to the f-d transition and the charge transfer band (CTB) of Sm3+ ions, and the band at 169 nm for the sample CaBPO5:Dy is assumed to be connected with the f-d transition of the Dy3+ ions in CaBPO5. The partial reduction of Eu3+ CaBPO5:Eu prepared by high temperature solid state reaction in air is confirmed by the VUV-UV spectra.

Synthesis of the complex fluoride LiBaF3 through a solvothermal process

The complex fluoride LiBaF3 is solvothermally synthesized at 180degreesC and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. In the solvothermal process, the solvents, mole ratios of initial mixtures and reaction temperature play important roles in the growth of the single crystal.

VUV excited luminescence of europium activated calcium borophosphate prepared in air

XAFS (EXAFS and XANES) at Eu-L-3 edge were used to determine the local structure and the valences of europium in CaBPO5:Eu prepared in air. The results of EXAFS showed that the doped europium atoms were nine-coordinated by oxygen atoms and the distances of bond Eu-O were 2.39 Angstrom in the host lattice. XANES at Eu-L-3 edge exhibited that Eu2+ and Eu3+ coexisted in the matrix. The luminescent spectrum of the material excited by VUV at 147 nm presented a similar spectrum with that excited by f-f transition of Eu2+ at 396 nm and f-d transition of Eu2+ at 312 nm. The broad emission band due to both 4f(6)5d - 4f(7) transition of EU2+ and f - f transition of Eu3+ could be observed in emission spectra, which indicated that the trivalent europium ions were reduced in air in the matrix at high temperature by the defects [V-Cn]" formed by aliovalent substitution between Ca2+ and Eu3+ ions. The UV excitation spectrum showed the typical f-f transition of Eu3+ and f-d transition of Eu2+. The bands with the maxima at about 113 and 158 nm in VUV excitation spectrum were assigned to originate from the absorption of the host lattice.

Spatially-confined crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Nanometre-sized poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) particle domains in a confined space were obtained by blending PVDF with excess poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). When these particles were small enough they showed beta -form structure, which was different from the structure of bigger particles or PVDF bulk. However, the beta -form was thermodynamically metastable because it could eventually be transformed to a more stable phase by annealing at a certain temperature. Larger particle domains were of identical phase to the bulk, indicating that small size favours the formation of the beta -form. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.

Species of rare earth (III), calcium (II) and zinc (II) in the presence of L-histidine and L-typtophane

Rare earth(III)-histidine (His)- tryptophane (Trp). Ca(II)-His-Trp and Zn(II)-His-Trp systems were studied by potentiometric titration and computer simulation under physiological conditions. The species of the systems and their stability constants were determined. The distributions of species of rare earth(III), Ca(II) and Zn(II) were discussed.

Effect of polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes on mass transfer of samarium

The influence of swelling and stripping acidity on the mass transfer coefficient based on water phase and the inner diameters of membranes were studied with P507-HCl-Sm as working system in the two different kinds of hollow fiber membranes. Effects of extractant concentration, H+ concentration in aqueous phase and Sm3+ concentration on extraction rate were discussed and the corresponding reaction series were obtained. According to the investigations on the interfacial kinetics, the reaction kinetics equation and reaction rate constant were obtained.

Sol-gel deposition of calcium silicate red-emitting luminescent films doped with Eu3+

Eu3+-activated calcium silicate (CaO-SiO2:Eu3+) luminescent films were prepared by the sol-gel method. The structural evolution of the film was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the luminescence properties of the phosphor films were investigated as a function of heat treatment temperature. The XRD study indicates that a kilchoanite phase forms in the film sintered at 800 degreesC, which is different from that in gel powder treated under the same conditions. The SEM results show that the film thickness decreases and the particles in the film become smaller with increasing heat treatment temperature. The CaO-SiO2:Eu film shows the characteristic emission of Eu3+ under UV excitation, with the Eu3+ D-5(0)-->F-7(2) band (616 nm) being the most prominent. A large difference in the Eu3+ lifetime is observed between the film samples treated at 500 and 700 degreesC (or above). Concentration quenching occurs when the Eu3+ doping concentration is above 6 mol% of Ca2+ in the film.

Mild hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of the complex fluoride KMgF3 doped with Eu

KMgF3 doped with Eu was synthesized by mild hydrothermal method at 240 degreesC for the first time. The excitation and emission spectra of the KMgF3 : Eu2+ phosphor were measured. Comparing with the sample synthesized through solid state reaction, the variation in the excitation spectra at 360 nm resulted from the existences of V-K color centers; the low emission intensity was due to Eu2+ having transferred part energy to V-K color centers.

Organic template-directed crystallization of the complex fluoride NH4MnF3 with perovskite structure

(100)-oriented NH4MnF3 perovskite with different morphologies have been obtained in situ via an organic template; experimental results can be rationalized in terms of electrostatic interactions and lattice matching between the organic template and the ions undergoing nucleation.

Species of rare earth(III) and calcium(II) in the presence of L-aspartic acid and L-arginine

Rare earth (III)-Asp-Arg and Ca(II)-Asp-Arg systems were studied by potentiometric titration under physiological conditon. The species of each system were determined. The distribution of Tb (III) and Ca(II) species was discussed, as well as in the quaternary system of Tb(III)-Ca(II)-Asp-Arg.

Influence of bond valence on bond covalency in calcium doped lanthanum chromite

The influence of bond valence on bond covalency in La1-xCaxCrO3(x =0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) has been studied by using semiempirical method. This method is the extension of the dielectric description theory proposed by Phillips, Van Vechten, levine and Tanaka (PVLT). In the calculation of bond valence, two schemes were adopted. The first is the equal-valence scheme, and the second is Bond Valence Sums (BVS) scheme. Both schemes suggest that for the title compound bond covalency be mainly influenced by bond valence, and insensitive to the Ca doping level. Generally speaking, larger bond valences usually result in higher bond covalencies.

Studies on uniaxially drawn poly(vinylidene fluoride) films

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), under certain conditions, shows a crystal transition between the alpha (TGT (G) over bar) and beta (TTT) forms, where T, G, and (G) over bar, respectively, denote trans, gauche, and minus gauche. We investigated the mechanism of this crystal transition by FT-TR and X-ray diffraction, which yielded consistent results. We also carried out differential scanning calorimeter experiments.

pH-potentiometric study on rare earths and calcium binary and ternary complexes with DL-malic acid and L-hydroxyproline

The stability constants of M-L binary system and M-L-L' (M = La3+ similar to Yb3+, Y3+ and Ca2+; L= DL-malic aicd, L' = L-hydroxyproline) ternary system were determined by pH-(0)-tentiometric method under the simulating physiological condition(37 degrees C, I=0.15 mol/L NaCl). The complex species MpLqLr'H-s(abbr as pqrs) in the sytems were ascertained by program COMPLEX. The results show that there are three species(1101, 1100 and 1200) in M-L binary system and one species(1010) in M-L' binary system. In addition to the above four species, a new species, 1112 was found in the M-L-L' ternary system, which is the only species of mixed ligands. Rare earth ions form more stable complexes than calcium ion does and the stability differences between their complexes in the ternary system are less than that in the binary system. The distributions of all the species in La-L-L' ternary system vs pH are discussed.

Miscibility of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) and its application as compatibilizer LLDPE/PVF2 blends

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the miscibility of blends of a graft copolymer of poly(methyl methacrylate) on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-PMMA, G-3) with poly(vinylidene fluoride)(b) (PVF2) and the compatibilization of blends of LLDPE/PVF2. The specific interaction between PMMA side chains and PVF2 in G-3/PVF2 binary blends is weaker than that between the homopolymers PMMA and PVF2. There are two states of PVF2 in the melt of a G-3/PVF2 (60/40, w/w) blend, one as pure PVF2 and the other interacting with PMMA side chains. The miscibility between PMMA side chains and PVF2 affects the crystallization of PVF2. LLDPE-g-PMMA was demonstrated to be a good compatibilizer in LLDPE/PVF2 blends, improving the interfacial adhesion and dispersion in the latter. Diffusion of PMMA side chains into PVF2 in the interfacial region reduces the crystallization rate and lowers the melting point (T-m) and the crystallization temperature (T-c) of PVF2 in the blends.

INTERACTION OF LANTHANUM AND CALCIUM WITH HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES

The effect of lanthanum and calcium on the structure and function of human erythrocyte membranes was investigated by fluorescence polarization, spin- labeled electron spin resonance (ESR) and laser Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that low concentration of La3+ (0.5 mu mol/L) activated a Little (Na++K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities, and it inhibited obvi ously the ATPase activities with increasing its concentrations. La3+ lowered the lipid fluidity of human erythrocyte membranes and decreased the vibration intensity of alpha-helix of the protein in the Amide I '. The effect of Ca2+ on the lipid fluidity and alpha-helix of the protein in the Amide I ' was smaller than that of La3+.