Desenvolvimento e teste de um sistema para caracterização de materiais magnetoelétricos

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e Computadores

Sistema de aquisição e comunicação para sensores magnetoelétricos

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e Computadores

Modelling Z→ττ processes in ATLAS with τ-embedded Z→μμ data

This paper describes the concept, technical realisation and validation of a largely data-driven method to model events with Z→ττ decays. In Z→μμ events selected from proton-proton collision data recorded at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012, the Z decay muons are replaced by τ leptons from simulated Z→ττ decays at the level of reconstructed tracks and calorimeter cells. The τ lepton kinematics are derived from the kinematics of the original muons. Thus, only the well-understood decays of the Z boson and τ leptons as well as the detector response to the τ decay products are obtained from simulation. All other aspects of the event, such as the Z boson and jet kinematics as well as effects from multiple interactions, are given by the actual data. This so-called τ-embedding method is particularly relevant for Higgs boson searches and analyses in ττ final states, where Z→ττ decays constitute a large irreducible background that cannot be obtained directly from data control samples.

Minilaparoscopy and sentinel lymph node in uterine cancer

CRSLS MIS Case Reports from SLS.org.

Avaliação do monitor de medida de pressão arterial 0mron 705-CP para uso em adolescentes e adultos jovens

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o monitor OMRON 705-CP de medida de pressão arterial em adolescentes e adultos jovens. MÉTODOS: De acordo com o protocolo da British Hypertension Society e da Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, realizamos a validação do aparelho em 60 adolescentes. O monitor foi conectado em Y com a coluna de mercúrio e foram realizadas 4 medidas consecutivas e simultâneas, analisadas as independentes e calculadas as diferenças médias entre as pressões e o desvio padrão dessas diferenças. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com o sistema de grau do protocolo utilizado. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 240 medidas. A idade média dos pacientes foi 16,3 anos. Quando comparada a medida realizada pela coluna de mercúrio com o aparelho houve uma diferença < 15 mmHg em 97,9% das medidas sistólicas e 98,8% das diastólicas; uma diferença < 10 mmHg em 86,3% das medidas sistólicas e 90,4% das diastólicas, classificada como grau A; uma diferença < 5 mmHg em 59,1% das medidas sistólicas e 67% das medidas diastólicas, considerada pela classificação entre A/B. A diferença média e o desvio padrão dessa diferença na pressão sistólica foi de 2,91±6,42 mmHg e para a diastólica de 1,16±5,79 mmHg. CONCLUSÃO: O monitor OMRON 705-CP mostrou-se válido para medidas de pressão arterial de adolescentes segundo o protocolo empregado.

Computer integrated testing for the transport refrigeration systems industry.

This is a study of a state of the art implementation of a new computer integrated testing (CIT) facility within a company that designs and manufactures transport refrigeration systems. The aim was to use state of the art hardware, software and planning procedures in the design and implementation of three CIT systems. Typical CIT system components include data acquisition (DAQ) equipment, application and analysis software, communication devices, computer-based instrumentation and computer technology. It is shown that the introduction of computer technology into the area of testing can have a major effect on such issues as efficiency, flexibility, data accuracy, test quality, data integrity and much more. Findings reaffirm how the overall area of computer integration continues to benefit any organisation, but with more recent advances in computer technology, communication methods and software capabilities, less expensive more sophisticated test solutions are now possible. This allows more organisations to benefit from the many advantages associated with CIT. Examples of computer integration test set-ups and the benefits associated with computer integration have been discussed.

Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial em pacientes normotensos com hipotireoidismo subclínico

FUNDAMENTO: O hipotireoidismo manifesto está associado com elevação da pressão arterial diastólica; entretanto, a associação entre o hipotireoidismo subclínico (HS) e alteração da pressão arterial (PA) é desconhecida. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) por 24 horas em pacientes normotensos com HS em comparação a indivíduos normotensos eutireóideos (EU). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 50 participantes (HS = 30 e EU = 20) que não apresentavam diferenças em relação a fatores de risco para hipertensão. A monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial foi realizada com um monitor Dynamapa®, utilizando-se um método oscilométrico validado pela AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) e pela BHS (British Hypertension Society). RESULTADOS: Os níveis séricos médios de TSH e T4 livre foram respectivamente 6,9 ± 2,2 µUI/ml e 1,1 ± 0,2 ng/dl em pacientes com HS. Apesar de não haver diferença em relação à média da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica entre os dois grupos, houve uma correlação positiva entre os níveis de pressão arterial diastólica média (PADM) e os valores séricos de TSH em pacientes com HS (r:0,477; p = 0,004). Essa correlação foi detectada por medidas diurnas (r:0,498; p = 0,002) e noturnas (r:0,322; p = 0,032). CONCLUSÃO: A pressão arterial não diferiu entre pacientes com ou sem HS; contudo, os resultados sugerem que a progressão de hipotireoidismo subclínico para níveis mais elevados de TSH pode aumentar o risco cardiovascular através do aumento da pressão arterial diastólica.

On the identification of monetary (and other) shocks

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we construct a DSGE model which spells out explicitly the instrumentation of monetary policy. The interest rate is determined every period depending on the supply and demand for reserves which in turn are affected by fundamental shocks: unforeseeable changes in cash withdrawal, autonomous factors, technology and government spending. Unexpected changes in the monetary conditions of the economy are interpreted as monetary shocks. We show that these monetary shocks have the usual effects on economic activity without the need of imposing additional frictions as limited participation in asset markets or sticky prices. Second, we show that this view of monetary policy may have important consequences for empirical research. In the model, the contemporaneous correlations between interest rates, prices and output are due to the simultaneous effect of all fundamental shocks. We provide an example where these contemporaneous correlations may be misinterpreted as a Taylor rule. In addition, we use the sign of the impact responses of all shocks on output, prices and interest rates derived from the model to identify the sources of shocks in the data.

PulseCath iVAC 3LTM hemodynamic performance for simple assisted flow.

The PulseCath iVAC 3L? left ventricular assist device is an option to treat transitory left heart failure or dysfunction post-cardiac surgery. Assisted blood flow should reach up to 3 l/min. In the present in vitro model exact pump flow, depending on various frequencies and afterload was examined. Optimal flow was achieved with inflation/deflation frequencies of about 70-80/min. The maximal flow rate was achieved at about 2.5 l/min with a minimal afterload of 22 mmHg. Handling of the device was easy due to the connection to a standard intra-aortic balloon pump console. With increasing afterload (up to a simulated mean systemic pressure of 66 mmHg) flow rate and cardiac support are in some extent limited.

Desensitization of thermal hyperemia in the skin is reproducible.

OBJECTIVE: Local heating increases skin blood flow SkBF (thermal hyperemia). In a previous study, we reported that a first local thermal stimulus could attenuate the hyperemic response to a second one applied later on the same skin spot, a phenomenon that we termed desensitization. However, other studies found no evidence for desensitization in similar conditions. The aim of the present work was to test whether it was related to differences in instrumentation. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy young males were studied. Two pairs of heating chambers, one custom-made (our study) and one commercial (other groups), were affixed to forearm skin. SkBF was measured with single-point laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) (780nm) in one pair, and laser-Doppler imaging (LDI) (633nm) in the other. A temperature step from 34 to 41°C, was applied for 30minutes and repeated after two hours. RESULTS: During the second thermal challenge, the plateau SkBF was lower than during the first thermal and was observed with each of the four combinations of SkBF measurement techniques and heating equipment (p<0.05 for all conditions, range -9% to -16% of the initial value). CONCLUSION: Desensitization of thermal hyperemia is not specific to peculiar operating conditions.

Anatomical landmarks for transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery.

Resection of midline skull base lesions involve approaches needing extensive neurovascular manipulation. Transnasal endoscopic approach (TEA) is minimally invasive and ideal for certain selected lesions of the anterior skull base. A thorough knowledge of endonasal endoscopic anatomy is essential to be well versed with its surgical applications and this is possible only by dedicated cadaveric dissections. The goal in this study was to understand endoscopic anatomy of the orbital apex, petrous apex and the pterygopalatine fossa. Six cadaveric heads (3 injected and 3 non injected) and 12 sides, were dissected using a TEA outlining systematically, the steps of surgical dissection and the landmarks encountered. Dissection done by the "2 nostril, 4 hands" technique, allows better transnasal instrumentation with two surgeons working in unison with each other. The main surgical landmarks for the orbital apex are the carotid artery protuberance in the lateral sphenoid wall, optic nerve canal, lateral optico-carotid recess, optic strut and the V2 nerve. Orbital apex includes structures passing through the superior and inferior orbital fissure and the optic nerve canal. Vidian nerve canal and the V2 are important landmarks for the petrous apex. Identification of the sphenopalatine artery, V2 and foramen rotundum are important during dissection of the pterygopalatine fossa. In conclusion, the major potential advantage of TEA to the skull base is that it provides a direct anatomical route to the lesion without traversing any major neurovascular structures, as against the open transcranial approaches which involve more neurovascular manipulation and brain retraction. Obviously, these approaches require close cooperation and collaboration between otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons.

Wireless GPS-based phase-locked synchronization system for outdoor environment.

Synchronization of data coming from different sources is of high importance in biomechanics to ensure reliable analyses. This synchronization can either be performed through hardware to obtain perfect matching of data, or post-processed digitally. Hardware synchronization can be achieved using trigger cables connecting different devices in many situations; however, this is often impractical, and sometimes impossible in outdoors situations. The aim of this paper is to describe a wireless system for outdoor use, allowing synchronization of different types of - potentially embedded and moving - devices. In this system, each synchronization device is composed of: (i) a GPS receiver (used as time reference), (ii) a radio transmitter, and (iii) a microcontroller. These components are used to provide synchronized trigger signals at the desired frequency to the measurement device connected. The synchronization devices communicate wirelessly, are very lightweight, battery-operated and thus very easy to set up. They are adaptable to every measurement device equipped with either trigger input or recording channel. The accuracy of the system was validated using an oscilloscope. The mean synchronization error was found to be 0.39 μs and pulses are generated with an accuracy of <2 μs. The system provides synchronization accuracy about two orders of magnitude better than commonly used post-processing methods, and does not suffer from any drift in trigger generation.

Disseny, fabricació i caracterització d'amplificadors de baix soroll per instrumentació

Aquest projecte consisteix en l’estudi, disseny i fabricació d’un amplificador de baix soroll per instrumentació, el qual es basarà en uns requisits de guany, ample de banda i de mides a complir. Un vegada vistos els requisits i fet un estudi previ de la situació, el primer pas serà realitzar el disseny principal de l’amplificador, el qual s’anirà millorant a mesura que avanci el projecte. Un cop dissenyat i avaluat el circuit amb el software ADS, el següent pas serà intentar fer un model de layout, el qual serà fabricat i analitzat, per tal d'intentar aconseguir el resultat esperat de les especificacions. Finalment, es detallaran les conclusions a les quals s’ha arribat desprès d’haver realitzat aquest projecte.

Coronary magnetic resonance angiography for assessment of the stent lumen: a phantom study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of visualizing the stent lumen using coronary magnetic resonance angiography in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nineteen different coronary stents were implanted in plastic tubes with an inner diameter of 3 mm. The tubes were positioned in a plastic container filled with gel and included in a closed flow circuit (constant flow 18 cm/sec). The magnetic resonance images were obtained with a dual inversion fast spin-echo sequence. For intraluminal stent imaging, subtraction images were calculated from scans with and without flow. Subsequently, intraluminal signal properties were objectively assessed and compared. RESULTS: As a function of the stent type, various degrees of in-stent signal attenuation were observed. Tantalum stents demonstrated minimal intraluminal signal attenuation. For nitinol stents, the stent lumen could be identified, but the intraluminal signal was markedly reduced. Steel stents resulted in the most pronounced intraluminal signal voids. CONCLUSIONS: With the present technique, radiofrequency penetration into the stents is strongly influenced by the stent material. Thesefindings may have important implicationsforfuture stent design and stent imaging strategies.