997 resultados para Acesso a serviços de saúde


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Este artigo avalia os efeitos das variáveis de escala na oferta de serviços públicos de saúde dos municípios paulistas, com o objetivo de investigar os possíveis efeitos do processo de descentralização dos serviços de saúde a partir da consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram construídos indicadores de eficiência dos gastos municipais em saúde pela técnica de Free Disposable Hull, tendo sido estimados os efeitos das variáveis de escala não só sobre a eficiência, mas também diretamente sobre os indicadores de desempenho e sobre os gastos per capita. Conclui-se que os municípios menores, além de terem maior gasto per capita em saúde, oferecem piores condições de acesso ao sistema. Além disso, pequenos municípios não oferecem melhores serviços de prevenção de doenças infecciosas, apesar de terem, a princípio, melhores condições de conhecer as necessidades dos cidadãos. Em consonância com o trabalho de Sampaio de Souza et alii (2005), conclui-se que a excessiva descentralização na gestão pode levar à perda de eficiência, aumentando gastos sem necessariamente melhorar a qualidade.

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O direito à saúde já é reconhecido no plano internacional e, em muitos casos, nacional. No entanto, ele ainda está restrito apenas aos cidadãos na maior parte dos países do mundo e, mesmo naqueles países que o reconhecem, ainda existem muitas barreiras para que os imigrantes, especialmente os indocumentados, usufruam dos serviços de saúde. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo entender como acontece o acesso dos imigrantes à saúde, focando no processo de implementação das políticas públicas e nas barreiras que se formam a partir desse. Para isso estudamos dois casos que garantem o acesso à saúde, mas por meio de mecanismos diferentes: o dos imigrantes bolivianos que vivem na cidade de São Paulo (SP – Brasil) e dos imigrantes brasileiros que vivem na zona metropolitana de Boston (MA – EUA). Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com 46 imigrantes nos dois países. Além disso, entrevistamos 16 especialistas e burocratas de nível de rua, pessoas que atuam diretamente com os imigrantes na ponta dos serviços de saúde, ou que pesquisam e trabalham nestas questões. As entrevistas foram realizadas a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado, transcritas e analisadas. A análise mostrou que ambos os sistemas apresentam barreiras distintas, no caso de São Paulo pela fixação da quantidade de serviços oferecidos e no segundo caso pela imposição de custos e pela alocação de serviços por classes de clientes diferenciados (LIPSKY, 1980). Essas barreiras puderam ser contornadas por ações promovidas pelos governos e suas agências implementadoras. Entre essas destacamos políticas multiculturais e programas que buscam promover a saúde preventiva de forma ativa, como é o caso do Saúde da Família. Pudemos observar também o importante papel desempenhado pelos burocratas de nível de rua nesse processo, seja facilitando o acesso, por meio da criação de soluções criativas, seja o dificultando. Sugerimos que estudos futuros aprofundem a análise do papel desses atores no processo de implementação do direito à saúde.

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RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

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This study has as general object: to verify as the health professionals that work in different hospitals evaluate the hospital services; and specific objectives: identify how health professionals evaluate the work conditions in different hospitals and verify the central nucleus and the peripheral elements of the social representations elaborated by these professionals about these institution. This is a descriptive study realized in Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte. Were collected 213 questionnaires. Concerning the evaluation of the health services, high averages had been verified in the philanthropic hospital, for example, quality of the customer service. At the state hospital was observed lowest ones: respect to the privacy of the patients. Similar results were found about work conditions. It was observed as central nucleus the categories Overcrowded and Humanized care, in the state and philanthropic hospital respectively, and as peripheral elements Low wages and Overcrowded. Being thus the conflicts in this scene are inevitable because of the poor structure of some public hospitals, however, these problems can be foresee and solvable if the hospital has a free expression channel accessible to all agents. The evaluation has to become integrant part of the culture of the organization, a time that this will guide the steps in direction to the best quality in the hospital assistance

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The crisis that the Brazilian State have been crossing throughout the last decades has revealed intense oscillations in the the way of life of the population reality. In the health area, specifically of buccal health, new alternatives of attending to demands for odontological services have been increasing from the 1990 decade. The research had as objective to analyze the demand of the services of the clinic-school of odontology of the UFRN to identify the socio-economic profile of the users and the inflections of the standards of the National Politics of Buccal Health. The methodology is based on a dialectic perspective and a quali-quantitative boarding. It was used as instrument of data collection forms with open and closed questions, applied to two distinguished groups of citizens: 53 users of the services and 12 pupils of 9th and 10th term of the Odontology Course. The results reaffirm that, with the aggravation of the crisis of SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde- Single Health System) grow the difficulties of accessing the odontological services of the users majority. The subjects of the research make use of a regular socio-economic condition, with high school, own house, formal bond to labor and monthly medium income between 1 and 2 minimum wages. The conclusive analyses point to the selective and exculpatory character of the buccal health right, mainly, those users who find themselves in situation of extreme poverty and social vulnerability. Immediate and of lesser cost odontological assistance is what it s aimed, but the standards praised in the Public Politics of Buccal Health walk in another direction, requiring a bigger strongness of the formation bases and implementation of the programmatical actions since the academic field until the effectiveness of Politics of Buccal Health as a right while as a right to attention and care

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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

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The Chronic Venous insufficiency is characterized as a set of physical changes including how most serious complication of venous ulcers, characterized by irregular and progressive loss of continuity of the skin. The occurrence of venous ulcers in people with chronic venous insufficiency generates dependence on them with health services, with long-term treatments that cause limitations and high-impact changes, affecting their quality of life, affecting the physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual as an important public health problem. This study aimed to describe the experience of having a venous ulcer, in the scenario of primary health care services to Health, which includes Primary Care Units and Family Health Strategy in the city of Natal / RN, based on the life histories of users. This is a qualitative study, exploratory and descriptive, with the Oral History of Life as a methodological framework. From the ponto zero was the recruitment of participants who formed the network, totaling six employees, of both sexes and aged between 57 and 79 years. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee - UFRN under the Protocol 653 788/2014 and CAAE 30408014.0.0000.5537 was held data collection, between the months of July and August, through interviews, using identification and characterization of the instrument employees and open questions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, transcriadas and returned to employees for a conference. The narratives were subjected to Content thematic analysis technique, according to Bardin, allowing the construction of three themes that encompass categories, namely: Axis I - Perspectives on the changes: the impact wound in social relations (changes with ulcer venous, venous ulcer and social and family relationships); Axis II - Brands in body and soul: the story of being hurt (conceptions of the body injured; therapeutic itinerary in primary care services); and Axis III - Reconstruction of being hurt: coping mechanisms (redefinition of the wounded body, resilience to chronic wound). The impact of having a chronic venous ulcer generates impact of physical, psychological and social order. As aspects related to changes after the appearance of venous ulcers, survey participants reported the presence of pain, physical limitations, psychological distress, social and emotional isolation, incapacity, aesthetic discomfort and dependency on health services; the family was the aspect thatshowed no significant change after the occurrence of wound for most participants, an ally in the therapeutic process as a support network. The redefinition of the body and the wound are the main coping mechanism of chronic condition. The services in the Primary Care Network play a fundamental role in the rehabilitation of patients with venous ulcers, although there are difficulties in accessing appropriate treatment and need for expanded services, with permanent professional training of health teams and providing the resources managers to strengthen the comprehensive care of people with venous ulcers in Health Primary Care.

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Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

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Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

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This study aims to examine the Brazilian legal model for the non-contractual liability of the state in providing public health services, from the perspective of threedimensional theory of law. Up based on bibliographical and documentary research, with emphasis on legislation, doctrine and Brazilian jurisprudence, the following conclusions were reached. The right to health is typified in the Constitution as a social fundamental right, and understands the pretension to obtain from the State, the supply of goods or the provision of services that reduce the risk of disease and other health problems; or promote, protect and recover the physical and mental well-being. Once violated the fundamental right to health, provides the managed, among other fundamental guarantees, the non-contractual liability of the state. The provision of public services by the state can be made directly through the Direct or Indirect Public Administration, or by recourse to private entities. In any case, the provision of public health services is entirely subordinate to the principles of administrative law and should be fully funded by tax revenues. As the provision of public health services is part of the administrative activity of the State, there is no way to exclude the application of the guarantee of non-contractual liability of the state in the face of the damage suffered by administered as users of these services. Therefore, it applies the theory of administrative risk, even in the event of harmful and illegal state failure.

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RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

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RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

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Este objeto começa detalhando as Regiões de Saúde e os objetivos da descentralização, como a redução das desigualdades na oferta de serviços de saúde e a distribuição mais equitativa das ações, explicando ainda sobre investimentos em infraestrutura e equipamentos, além da otimização no fluxo de atendimento para garantir o acesso e a qualidade dos serviços contratados e oferecidos para os usuários do SUS. Mostra detalhamento da organização da rede de ações e aprofunda na regionalização e os instrumentos de gestão desse processo, como o Plano Diretor de Regionalização - PDR, o Plano Diretor de Investimento - PDI e a Programação Pactuada Integrada – PPI. Detalha essas ferramentas de planejamento técnico e financeiro e inclui o Termo de Compromisso de Gestão firmado pelos gestores, o qual exige um processo amplo de negociação entre os gestores do SUS para os compromissos alinhados com o PPI, o PDR e com o PDI. Comenta sobre o PDR/2008 de Santa Catarina, detalha mais sobre o PDR e seu estímulo à gestão loco-regional e processos de co-gestão. A PPI por sua vez é apresentada como um processo planejado de alocação de recursos. Termina exemplificando como funciona o processo da PPI e mostra um paralelo com o Tratamento Fora de Domicílio – TFD. Unidade 1 do módulo 18 que compõe o Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família.

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A organização da demanda através da classificação de risco permite ao profissional conhecer melhor sua área de abrangência e traçar um perfil epidemiológico dos seus pacientes. Permite também planejar seu atendimento, priorizando grupos de risco e pacientes com maior necessidade de tratamento. A classificação de risco pode permitir ainda a identificação e intervenção precoce de cáries, permitindo tratamento conservador e minimizando o número de perdas dentárias por cáries, e também a identificação e tratamento da queixa principal do paciente, trazendo maior satisfação ao usuário e reduzindo, a longo prazo, o aparecimento de casos de demanda espontânea. O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um plano de ação para organizar a demanda e o acesso ao tratamento odontológico da UBS Cecília Rodrigues Miranda (Jaboticatubas/MG). O presente trabalho foi realizado através uma revisão narrativa sobre classificação de risco e organização de demanda odontológica. Para a busca na literatura foram utilizados os unitermos: "Levantamento de necessidades em saúde bucal", "Índice de cárie", "Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde", "Programa Saúde da Família" e "Classificação de risco". Foram avaliadas as publicações dos últimos 12 anos, em português, disponíveis no portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), na base de dados do Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), na biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), e na biblioteca virtual da plataforma do programa AGORA do Núcleo de Educação em Saúde Coletiva (NESCON). Após a revisão, elaborou-se um protocolo baseado na classificação de risco odontológico dos usuários para organizar o acesso ao tratamento odontológico.Foi apresentado ainda um modelo de agenda baseado na classificação de risco odontológico dos usuários, priorização de grupos de maior vulnerabilidade e considerando a divisão por microáreas, para organizar a demanda programada.

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A saúde requer do enfermeiro uma atenção voltada aos objetivos que atendam ao setor e reparem a dificuldade nas condições das redes de serviços de saúde. As redes básicas de saúde são o primeiro nível de atenção que o usuário recebe, onde há uma equipe multidisciplinar responsável pelo cuidado da comunidade, facilitando seu acesso e acolhendo em suas necessidades. No exercício da função gerencial o enfermeiro deve ser capaz de compreender e participar de decisões mais complexas estimulando a participação social, política e econômica, ao invés de apenas manter condutas organizadas segundo rotinas preestabelecidas da instituição de saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar um Projeto de Intervenção com a finalidade de buscar estratégias gerências para melhoria do trabalho do enfermeiro na UBS São Lucas no município de Santo Antônio do Monte, Minas Gerais. Portanto, acredita-se que através da gestão possam-se propiciar condições para superar as questões que dificultam o desenvolvimento das competências almejadas.