Manipulating Greek musical modes and tempo affects perceived musical emotion in musicians and nonmusicians

The combined influence of tempo and mode on emotional responses to music was studied by crossing 7 changes in mode with 3 changes in tempo. Twenty-four musicians aged 19 to 25 years (12 males and 12 females) and 24 nonmusicians aged 17 to 25 years (12 males and 12 females) were required to perform two tasks: 1) listening to different musical excerpts, and 2) associating an emotion to them such as happiness, serenity, fear, anger, or sadness. ANOVA showed that increasing the tempo strongly affected the arousal (F(2,116) = 268.62, mean square error (MSE) = 0.6676, P < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the valence of emotional responses (F(6,348) = 8.71, MSE = 0.6196, P < 0.001). Changes in modes modulated the affective valence of the perceived emotions (F(6,348) = 4.24, MSE = 0.6764, P < 0.001). Some interactive effects were found between tempo and mode (F (1,58) = 115.6, MSE = 0.6428, P < 0.001), but, in most cases, the two parameters had additive effects. This finding demonstrates that small changes in the pitch structures of modes modulate the emotions associated with the pieces, confirming the cognitive foundation of emotional responses to music.

Changes in epidemiology of rotavirus in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil: lack of two consecutive rotavirus seasons

Rotaviruses are the main cause of infantile acute diarrhea, and a monovalent (G1P[8]) vaccine against the virus was introduced into the Brazilian National Immunization Program for all infants in March 2006. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate and genotype distribution of rotavirus causing infantile diarrhea in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil during 2011-2012 and to assess the impact of local vaccination. Fecal specimens were analyzed for detection and characterization of rotavirus using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR-genotyping assays. Overall, rotavirus was diagnosed in 1.7% (6/348) of cases. Rotavirus positivity rates decreased 88% [95% confidence intervals (CI)=15.2, 98.3%; P=0.026] in 2011 and 78% (95%CI=30.6, 93.0%; P=0.007) in 2012 when compared with available data for baseline years (2005/2006) in Uberaba. In Uberlândia, reductions of 95.3% (95%CI=66.0, 99.4%; P=0.002) in 2011, and 94.2% (95%CI=56.4, 99.2%; P=0.004) in 2012 were also observed compared with data for 2008. The circulation of rotavirus G2P[4] strains decreased during the period under study, and strains related to the P[8] genotype reemerged in the region. This study showed a marked and sustained reduction of rotavirus-related cases, with a lack of rotavirus in the 2011 and 2012 seasons, suggesting a positive impact of the vaccination program.

Caracterização microbiológica e físico-química de leite pasteurizado destinado ao programa do leite no Estado de Alagoas

Atualmente 17 mini usinas fazem parte do Programa do Leite no estado de Alagoas, e através de um convênio firmado entre o Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Alagoas e a Cooperativa de Laticínio de Alagoas - CPLA para monitorar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de leite pasteurizado tipo C, foram analisadas 348 amostras deste produto e avaliadas quanto à contagem de coliformes a 35 e 45 °C, quanto a bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, bactérias psicrotróficas e pesquisa de Salmonella sp., segundo metodologia convencional proposta pela Instrução Normativa nº 62/2003 do MAPA. Os parâmetros físico-químicos (acidez titulável em graus Dornic, estabilidade ao álcool, densidade a 15 °C, índice crioscópico, teor de gordura, extrato seco desengordurado e teor de proteína) foram avaliados segundo metodologia convencional recomendada pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz. As análises de gordura, proteína e extrato seco desengordurado foram realizadas utilizando o aparelho Ekomilk, conforme recomendação do fabricante. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, 134 (38,5%) e 159 (45,7%) amostras apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões microbiológicos e físico-químicos, respectivamente, segundo a legislação em vigor. Salmonella sp. não foi detectada nas amostras analisadas. Recomenda-se a implantação de programas de boas práticas de fabricação e análise de perigos e pontos críticos de controle para assegurar a inocuidade deste produto.

[Kirja-arvostelu]

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Ilmiöiden jäljillä

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Taiteilijaporvarillisuutta restauraatioajan Berliinissä

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Suomalaisen aatelin kokonaisanalyysi

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Le Petit journal. Supplément du dimanche

1897/07/18 (Numéro 348).

Le filon de Gérard : les chercheurs d'or de l'Afrique australe / par André Laurie

Collection : Les romans d'aventures