Epidemiología de las lesiones en el fútbol profesional español en la temporada 2008-2009

El fútbol es un deporte con una elevada incidencia de lesiones, tanto durante su práctica en entrenamiento como en competición. Por ello, en este estudio nos proponemos analizar esta incidencia en función de diversas variables, como la sesión de entrenamiento o competición, localización de la lesión, tipología, severidad o mecanismo de producción de las mismas, así como la demarcación del jugador y el momento en el que se producen. Material y metodos: Este estudio lo clasificamos como descriptivo, epidemiológico y dentro de estos como serie de casos clínicos. En el estudio participaron 27 equipos profesionales del fútbol español (16 equipos de primera división y 11 de segunda división) con un total de 728 jugadores. Los datos para realizar este estudio se extrajeron de la temporada 2008-2009. Resultados: Los resultados señalan que de un total de 244.835 horas se produce un total de 2184 lesiones, lo que supuso una incidencia de lesión de 8,9 por cada 1000 horas de exposición. Si diferenciamos en función de la sesión en la que se produjo, tenemos una mayor incidencia con 40,2 lesiones cada 1000 horas en competición frente a entrenamiento con 6,0 lesiones, lo que supone un promedio de 80,9 lesiones por equipos y temporada. El 61,7% de las lesiones (n=1348) fueron registradas en entrenamiento, mientras que el 38,3% (n=836) se registró en competición. Por localización, la lesión más común fue el muslo posterior (16,3% de todas las lesiones). El 49,1% de las lesiones fueron de tipología muscular (sobrecarga, contractura o rotura). Las lesiones graves tuvieron una incidencia de 0,8 les/1000h, además destacó que el 3,0% de las lesiones registradas (n=65) requirieron cirugía. Conclusiones: El fútbol tiene una elevada incidencia de lesiones, siendo éstas mayores durante la competición. Encontramos una elevada frecuencia de lesión de tipología muscular y ligamentosa, lo que nos hace sugerir la necesidad de integrar programas preventivos con el objetivo de disminuirla.

Phosphane-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl imidazolesulfonates with arylboronic acids and potassium aryltrifluoroborates under aqueous conditions

Aryl imidazole-1-sulfonates are efficiently cross-coupled with arylboronic acids and potassium aryltrifluoroborates using only 0.5 mol % of oxime palladacycles 1 under aqueous conditions at 110 °C. Under these simple phosphane-free reaction conditions a wide array of biaryl derivatives has been prepared in high yields. This methodology allows in situ phenol sulfonation and one-pot Suzuki arylation as well as the employment of microwave irradiation conditions.

Heterocyclic carbene–metal-catalyzed Csp2–Csp2 and Csp–Csp2 couplings using nonmetallic substrates

The use of carbene ligands for transition-metal complexes has been developed in the last decades, being of special interest those carbenes derived from a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic system. An interesting variety of carbene-metal complexes has been tested in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. In comparison, few examples can be found for the Matsuda-Heck version of this coupling reaction. Additionally, the Sonogashira coupling has been also catalyzed with different carbene-metal catalysts.

Inconsistencies in Guidelines for Visual Health Surveillance of VDT Workers

Objectives: In Europe, 25% of workers use video display terminals (VDTs). Occupational health surveillance has been considered a key element in the protection of these workers. Nevertheless, it is unclear if guidelines available for this purpose, based on EU standards and available evidence, meet currently accepted quality criteria. The aim of this study was to appraise three sets of European VDT guidelines (UK, France, Spain) in which regulatory and evidence-based approaches for visual health have been formulated and recommendations for practice made. Methods: Three independent appraisers used an adapted AGREE instrument with seven domains to appraise the guidelines. A modified nominal group technique approach was used in two consecutive phases: first, individual evaluation of the three guidelines simultaneously, and second, a face-to-face meeting of appraisers to discuss scoring. Analysis of ratings obtained in each domain and variability among appraisers was undertaken (correlation and kappa coefficients). Results: All guidelines had low domain scores. The domain evaluated most highly was Scope and purpose, while Applicability was scored minimally. The UK guidelines had the highest overall score, and the Spanish ones had the lowest. The analysis of reliability and differences between scores in each domain showed a high level of agreement. Conclusions: These results suggest current guidelines used in these countries need an update. The formulation of evidence-base European guidelines on VDT could help to reduce the significant variation of national guidelines, which may have an impact on practical application.

Hādhā kitāb Maṭāliʻ al-anẓār

li-Abī al-Thanāʼ Shams al-Dīn ibn Maḥmūd ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Iṣfahānī. Maʻa matnihi Ṭawāliʻ al-anwār / li-ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻUmar al-Bayḍāwī. wa-bi-hāmishihimā Ḥāshiyat al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī.

Sharḥ Tajrīd al-ʻaqāʼid

[Maḥmūd ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Aṣbahānī].

Rûz-nâme : manuscript, [ca. 1845]

Calendar scroll for years 1263-1348/1846-1930 for city of Samakov, Bulgaria. Numerous tables based on various calculations. Hijri and Rumi years, with months, prayer hours, related elements.

Rawḍat al-manāẓir fī akhbār al-awāʼil wa-al-awākhir : manuscript, [ca. 1608]

Title from fol. 126r.

With or without you...judging politically in the field of Area of Freedom, Security and Justice? Research Papers in Law, 3/2007

From the Introduction. The study of the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) case law of the regarding the Area of Freedom Security and Justice (AFSJ) is fascinating in many ways.1 First, almost the totality of the relevant case law is extremely recent, thereby marking the first ‘foundational’ steps in this field of law. This is the result of the fact that the AFSJ was set up by the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997 and only entered into force in May 1999.2 Second, as the AFSJ is a new field of EU competence, it sets afresh all the fundamental questions – both political and legal – triggered by European integration, namely in terms of: a) distribution of powers between the Union and its member states, b) attribution of competences between the various EU Institutions, c) direct effect and supremacy of EU rules, d) scope of competence of the ECJ, and e) measure of the protection given to fundamental rights. The above questions beg for answers which should take into account both the extremely sensible fields of law upon which the AFSJ is anchored, and the EU’s highly inconvenient three-pillar institutional framework.3 Third, and as a consequence of the above, the vast majority of the ECJ’s judgments relating to the AFSJ are a) delivered by the Full Court or, at least, the Grand Chamber, b) with the intervention of great many member states and c) often obscure in content. This is due to the fact that the Court is called upon to set the foundational rules in a new field of EU law, often trying to accommodate divergent considerations, not all of which are strictly legal.4 Fourth, the case law of the Court relating to the AFSJ, touches upon a vast variety of topics which are not necessarily related to one another. This is why it is essential to limit the scope of this study. The content of, and steering for, the AFSJ were given by the Tampere European Council, in October 1999. According to the Tampere Conclusions, the AFSJ should consist of four key elements: a) a common immigration and asylum policy, b) judicial cooperation in both civil and penal matters, c) action against criminality and d) external action of the EU in all the above fields. Moreover, the AFSJ is to a large extent based on the Schengen acquis. The latter has been ‘communautarised’5 by the Treaty of Amsterdam and further ‘ventilated’ between the first and third pillars by decisions 1999/435 and 1999/436.6 Judicial cooperation in civil matters, mainly by means of international conventions (such as the Rome Convention of 1981 on the law applicable to contractual obligations) and regulations (such as (EC) 44/20017 and (EC) 1348/20008) also form part of the AFSJ. However, the relevant case law of the ECJ will not be examined in the present contribution.9 Similarly, the judgments of the Court delivered in the course of Article 226 EC proceedings against member states, will be omitted.10 Even after setting aside the above case law and notwithstanding the fact that the AFSJ only dates as far back as May 1999, the judgments of the ECJ are numerous. A simple (if not simplistic) categorisation may be between, on the one hand, judgments which concern the institutional setting of the AFSJ (para. 2) and, on the other, judgments which are related to some substantive AFSJ policy (para. 3).

Energy versus stress theories for combined stress; a fatigue experiment using a rotating disc,

"Department of Army Project no. 5B99-01-004, Ordnance R and D Project no. TB2-0001. Office of Ordnance Research Project no. 1348 Contract no. DA-19-020-ORD-3520."

A theory for the effect of mean stress on fatigue of metals under combined torsion and axial load or bending.

"Department of Army Project no. 5B99-01-004, Ordnance R and D Project no. TB2-0001, Office of Ordnance Research Project no. 1348, Contract no. DA-19-020-ORD-3250."

A theory of the non-linear influence of normal stress on fatigue under combined stresses,

Contract no. DA-19-020-ORD-3520."

La muse de Pétrarque dans les collines de Vaucluse, ou, Laure des Baux, sa solitude et son tombeau dans le vallon de Galas /

Two frontispiece ports. by Decomberousse after Costaing de Pusignan's drawings.