不同林龄马尾松针叶凋落前后养分含量及回收特征

以湖南会同地区10、23和45年生马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用不同参数(单位质量养分含量、单位长度养分含量和单叶养分含量)分析了针叶凋落前后养分含量及回收特征.结果表明:3个林龄马尾松针叶凋落后的单叶质量、单叶长度和单位长度质量平均分别下降了15.9%、4.6%和13.9%;不同林龄针叶养分含量不同;凋落前马尾松单叶N、P、K回收平均在50%以上;养分再吸收效率和转移度均随林龄先增后减.除N外,基于不同参数计算所得养分再吸收效率差异不明显.

长白山北坡苔藓红松暗针叶林倒木分解及其养分含量

对长白山北坡苔藓红松暗针叶林中云冷杉倒木的分解及其养分元素的含量进行了研究。研究表明 ,云冷杉倒木的腐烂分解过程符合单项指数衰减模型 ,冷杉倒木的分解常数为 0 .0 1 6 8/a( r2 =0 .94 83) ,云杉倒木为 0 .0 1 5 0 /a( r2 =0 .8895 )。对云冷杉倒木中养分含量进行测定可得 :C平均含量为 1 8876 .90 kg· hm- 2 ,N为 2 99.0 0 kg· hm- 2 ,P为2 .5 0 kg· hm- 2 ,K为 4 0 .4 9kg· hm- 2 ,Ca为 4 4.1 2 kg· hm- 2 ,Mg为 1 2 .5 0 kg· hm- 2 。在云冷杉倒木腐烂分解过程中 C的百分含量会逐渐下降 ,N和 P的含量会逐渐增高。K、Ca和 Mg的含量则没有明显的变化趋势。

含水层介质对氯酚类污染物的吸附-解吸特性

为探讨含水层介质对氯酚类污染物的吸附规律,以吉林市含水层介质--砂土为实验材料,采用批量吸附实验方法分别研究了2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚及五氯酚单独存在和共存条件下在砂土上的吸附-解吸行为,并对pH、离子强度对吸附过程的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,砂土对三种氯酚的吸附-解吸符合Freundlieh等温模型,吸附常数Kd分别为5.659、2.507和2.104,解吸常数分别为22.642、8.222和4.488;吸附反应符合二级吸附速率动力学方程,吸附速率常数K分别为0.4851kg·mg-1·h-1、0.0299kg·mg-1·h-1和0.1225kg·mg-1·h-1。氯酚在砂土上的吸附机理以疏水分配和配位体交换为主。在实验范围值内,吸附量随pH增加而减小,增加离子强度可以明显加强氯酚在砂土上的吸附.

柠条锦鸡儿组培苗继代培养中矿质元素的吸收规律

比较柠条锦鸡儿在MS、WPM、B5三种基本培养基中对P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等主要矿质元素的吸收规律,用向量分析方法找出三种基本培养基中的限制因子。结果表明:矿质养分整体供应水平是影响柠条锦鸡儿组培苗吸收矿质元素的关键因子;除此之外,MS培养基的Ca、P水平偏低,WPM和B5培养基的主要限制因子分别为K、Mn和Ca、P、K。

A strategy for synthesis of ion-bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers via supramolecular macro-RAFT agent

Amphiphilic supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers linked by ionic bonds with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity have been successfully synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using an ion-bonded macromolecular RAFT agent (macro-RAFT agent). Firstly, a new tetrafunctional initiator, dimethyl 4,6-bis(bromomethyl)-isophthalate, was synthesized and used as an initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene to form polystyrene (PSt) containing two ester groups at the middle of polymer chain. Then, the ester groups were converted into tertiary amino groups and the ion-bonded supramolecular macro-RAFT agent was obtained through the interaction between the tertiary amino group and 2-dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl-2-methyl propionic acid (DMP). Finally, ion-bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymer, (PSt)(2)-poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide)(2), was prepared by RAFT polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of the supramolecular macro-RAFT agent. The polymerization kinetics was investigated and the molecular weight and the architecture of the resulting star polymers were characterized by means of H-1-NMR, FTIR, and GPC techniques. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Exploring the Origin of Power Law Distribution in Single-Molecule Conformation Dynamics: Energy Landscape Perspectives

We explored the origin of power law distribution observed in single-molecule conformational dynamics experiments. By establishing a kinetic master equation approach to study statistically the microscopic state dynamics, we show that the underlying landscape with exponentially distributed density of states leads to power law distribution of kinetics. The exponential density of states emerges when the system becomes glassy and landscape becomes rough with significant trapping.

Thiophene-NPN Ligand Supported Rare-Earth Metal Bis(alkyl) Complexes. Synthesis and Catalysis toward Highly trans-1,4 Selective Polymerization of Butadiene

A series of new rare-earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes [L(1-3)Ln(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF)(n)] (L-1 = MeC4H2SCH2NC6H4(Ph)(2)P=NC6H2Me3-2,4,6: Ln = Sc, n = 1 (1a); Ln = Lu, n = 1 (1b); L-2 = MeC4H2SCH2NC6H4(Ph)(2)P=NC6H3Et2-2,6: Ln = Sc, n = 1 (2a); Ln = Lu, n = 1 (2b); Ln = Y, n = 1 (2c); L-3 = MeC4H2SCH2NC6H4(Ph)(2)P=(NC6H3Pr2)-Pr-i-2,6: Ln = Sc, n = 0 (3a)) and (LSc)-Sc-4(CH2SiMe3)(2()THF) (4a) (L-4 = C6H5CH2NC6H4(Ph)(2)P=NC6H3Et2-2,6) have been prepared by reaction of rare-earth metal tris(alkyl)s with the corresponding HL1-4 ligands via alkane elimination.

Tridentate CCC-Pincer Bis(carbene)-Ligated Rare-Earth Metal Dibromides. Synthesis and Characterization

The first xylene-bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (bis(NHC))-ligated CCC-pincer rare-earth metal dibromides (PBNHC)LnBr(2)(THF) (PBNHC = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2NCHCHNCCH2)(2)C6H3; 1: Ln = Sc; 2: Ln = Lu; 3: Lu = Sm) were prepared by in situ treatment of a THF suspension of 2,6-bis(1-mesitylimidazolium methyl)-1-bromobenzene dibromides ((PB-NHC-Br) center dot 2HBr) and lanthanide trichlorides (LnCl(3)) with dropwise addition of nBuLi at room temperature.

New rare earth metal bis(alkyl)s bearing an iminophosphonamido ligand. Synthesis and catalysis toward highly 3,4-selective polymerization of isoprene

Newrareearth metal bis(alkyl) complexes [(NPNPh)Ln(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF) (NPNPh:N(Ph)PPh2=NC6H2Me3-2,4,6; Ln = Sc (3a), Ln = Y (3b), Ln = Lu (3c)) and [(NPNPy)Sc(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF)1 (NPNPY = N(Py)PPh2=NC6H2Me3-2,4,6) (3d)) have been prepared via protonolysis reaction between rare earth metal tris(alkyl)s and the corresponding iminophosphonamines. Complexes 3a-d are analogous monomers of THF solvate. Each metal ion coordinates to a eta(2)-chelated NPN ligand and two cis-located alkyl groups, adopting tetrahedron geometry.

Non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics of polyamide 6/mesoporous silica nanocomposites

Non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics of a polyamide 6/mesoporous silica nanocomposite (PA6-MS) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different cooling rates. Mandelkern, Jeziorny-Ziabicki and Ozawa methods were applied to describe this crystallisation process. The analyses show that the mesoporous silica particles act as nucleating agents in the composite and that the Avrami exponent n varies from 3.0 to 4.6. The addition of mesoporous silica influenced the mechanism of nucleation and the growth of polyamide 6 (PA6) crystallites.

Miscibility, crystallization and mechanical properties of PPC/PBS blends

In this paper, melt blends of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polarized optical microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the glass transition temperature of PPC in the 90/10 PPC/PBS blend was decreased by about 11 K comparing with that of pure PPC. The presence of 10% PBS was partially miscible with PPC. The 90/10 PPC/PBS blend had better impact and tensile strength than those of the other PPC/PBS blends. The glass transition temperature of PPC in the 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 PPC/PBS blends was improved by about 4.9 K, 4.2 K, and 13 K comparing with that of pure PPC, respectively; which indicated the immiscibility between PPC and PBS. The DSC results indicated that the crystallization of PBS became more difficult when the PPC content increased. The matrix of PPC hindered the crystallization process of PBS. While the content of PBS was above 20%, significant crystallization-induced phase separation was observed by polarized optical microscopy. It was found from the WAXD analysis that the crystal structure of PBS did not change, and the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing PBS content in the PPC/PBS blends.

Oxadiazole-containing material with intense blue phosphorescence emission for organic light-emitting diodes

2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (HOXD), characteristic of excited state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT), was synthesized and found to emit strong blue phosphorescence in the solid state at room temperature and at low temperature (77 K). The photoluminescent spectrum measurement in solution showed that there are two kinds of emission: fluorescence originated from the singlet state and phosphorescence derived from the triplet state in HOXD formed by ESIPT. For the photoluminescent spectrum in the solid state, only phosphorescence emission with the lifetime of 66 mus was observed. Multiple-layer light-emitting diodes with the configuration of ITO/NPB/HOXD/BCP/Alq(3)/Mg:Ag were fabricated using HOXD as emitter and the maximum brightness of 656 cd/m(2) and the luminous efficiency of 0.14 lm/W was obtained.

Study of electrochemical behavior of ergosterol by in situ thin layer circular dichroic spectroelectrochemistry

The electroxidation of ergosterol was studied by in situ circular dichroic (CD) spectroelectrochemistry with a long optical path length thin layer cell. It was confirmed that the oxidation of ergosterol in ethanol solution is a two-electron irreversible electrochemical process with strong adsorption of an electroinactive product at the glassy carbon electrode, which blocks the electrochemical reaction. The CD spectroelectrochemical data were treated by the double logarithm method together with nonlinear regression, from which the formal potential, E-0 = 1.00 V, alpha n(alpha) = 0.302, the standard electrochemical rate constant, k(0) = 6.1(+/-0.4) x 10(-4) cm s(-1) and the adsorption constant, beta = 19 +/- 1, were obtained. The number of electrons transferred (n = 1.86) was estimated by cyclic voltammetry.

聚电解质中阳离子对铁氰化钾还原过程影响的原位显微红外光谱电化学

采用原位显微红外光谱电化学方法研究了聚电解质中不同阳离子(Li+,Na+,K+和TBA+)存在下铁氰化钾的电化学还原过程．观察到支持电解质阳离子对Fe(CN)3-/4-6动频率的影响，探讨了还原反应机理

Oxygen permeating properties of the mixed conducting membranes without cobalt

A new series of mixed conducting oxides, Sr10-n/2BinFe20Om (n = 4, 6, 8, 10), were synthesized by a solid state reaction method, and they have high oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeation rate at 1150 K is 0.41 ml(STD)/ cm(2).min for n = 6 and 0.90 ml(STD)/cm(2).min for n = 10, which is two times higher than that for Sr1-xBixFeO3 (x = 0.5). For the Sr1-xBixFeO3 (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) series, the oxygen flux increases with increasing Bi content. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.