An autonomic framework for enhancing the quality of data grid services

Data grid services have been used to deal with the increasing needs of applications in terms of data volume and throughput. The large scale, heterogeneity and dynamism of grid environments often make management and tuning of these data services very complex. Furthermore, current high-performance I/O approaches are characterized by their high complexity and specific features that usually require specialized administrator skills. Autonomic computing can help manage this complexity. The present paper describes an autonomic subsystem intended to provide self-management features aimed at efficiently reducing the I/O problem in a grid environment, thereby enhancing the quality of service (QoS) of data access and storage services in the grid. Our proposal takes into account that data produced in an I/O system is not usually immediately required. Therefore, performance improvements are related not only to current but also to any future I/O access, as the actual data access usually occurs later on. Nevertheless, the exact time of the next I/O operations is unknown. Thus, our approach proposes a long-term prediction designed to forecast the future workload of grid components. This enables the autonomic subsystem to determine the optimal data placement to improve both current and future I/O operations.

A platform for the development of patient applications in the domain of personalized health

Personalized health (p-health) systems can contribute significantly to the sustainability of healthcare systems, though their feasibility is yet to be proven. One of the problems related to their development is the lack of well-established development tools for this domain. As the p-health paradigm is focused on patient self-management, big challenges arise around the design and implementation of patient systems. This paper presents a reference platform created for the development of these applications, and shows the advantages of its adoption in a complex project dealing with cardio-vascular diseases.

Designing and simulating smart grids

Growing energy demands and the increased use of renewal energies have changed the landscape of power networks leading to new challenges. Smart Grids have emerged to cope with these challenges by facilitating the integration of traditional and renewable energy resources in distributed, open, and self-managed ways. Innovative models are needed to design energy infrastructures that can enable self-management of the power grid. Software architectures smoothly integrate the software that provides self-management to Smart Grids and their hardware infrastructures. We present a framework to design the software architectures of autonomous Smart Grids in an intuitive domain-oriented way and to simulate their execution by automatically generating the code from the designed autonomous smart grid architectures.

¿Planificar los comunes? Autogestión, regulación comunal del suelo y su eclipse en la Inglaterra precapitalista.

El progresivo adelgazamiento del Estado del Bienestar y la privatización de bienes y servicios públicos han propiciado la aparición de discursos que reclaman la recuperación de los comunes y su autogestión colectiva. En ese contexto las tierras y derechos comunales de la Inglaterra pre-capitalista han dejado de ser un asunto académico, reapareciendo intensamente en los imaginarios socioespaciales del activismo global. Aunque esa reapropiación del pasado parece legítima, dichas narrativas ignoran a menudo la complejidad implícita en la gestión, planificación y evolución de los comunes históricos. Para subsanar estas lagunas estudiamos las instituciones y modos de gobierno que sustentaban el régimen comunal de la tierra en este período, enfatizando su condición de planificación autogestionada de los usos del suelo y las prácticas asociadas al mismo. Este régimen fue sustituido por las leyes de cercamiento, dando paso a una lógica de planificación centralizada e insolidaria: una lógica en la que estaba implícita no sólo la extinción del control comunal y la privatización de la tierra, sino también la desposesión de los trabajadores rurales y su progresiva proletarización. Palabras clave: comunes, derecho comunal, planificación socioespacial, leyes de cercamiento, autogestión. ....................................................... The ongoing eclipse of the Welfare State and the privatisation of public goods and services have triggered the appearance of discourses that claim the recovery of the commons and their collective self-management. In this context historical common lands and rights in pre-capitalist England are no longer a mere academic issue, as they reappear intensely in the sociospatial imaginaries of global activism. This reappropriation of the past seems legitimate, but such narratives often ignore the complexity of the management, planning and evolution of the historical commons. To fill these lacunae I study the institutions and modes of government that underpinned the communal regime in this period, emphasizing its condition of self-managed land use planning. Enclosure acts destroyed this regime, introducing a new logic of centralized, iniquitous planning: a logic which included not only the extinction of communal institutions and privatisation of land, but also the dispossession of rural labourers and their progressive proletarianisation.

Patient-oriented computerized clinical guidelines for mobile decision support in gestational diabetes

The risks associated with gestational diabetes (GD) can be reduced with an active treatment able to improve glycemic control. Advances in mobile health can provide new patient-centric models for GD to create personalized health care services, increase patient independence and improve patients’ self-management capabilities, and potentially improve their treatment compliance. In these models, decision-support functions play an essential role. The telemedicine system MobiGuide provides personalized medical decision support for GD patients that is based on computerized clinical guidelines and adapted to a mobile environment. The patient’s access to the system is supported by a smartphone-based application that enhances the efficiency and ease of use of the system. We formalized the GD guideline into a computer-interpretable guideline (CIG). We identified several workflows that provide decision-support functionalities to patients and 4 types of personalized advice to be delivered through a mobile application at home, which is a preliminary step to providing decision-support tools in a telemedicine system: (1) therapy, to help patients to comply with medical prescriptions; (2) monitoring, to help patients to comply with monitoring instructions; (3) clinical assessment, to inform patients about their health conditions; and (4) upcoming events, to deal with patients’ personal context or special events. The whole process to specify patient-oriented decision support functionalities ensures that it is based on the knowledge contained in the GD clinical guideline and thus follows evidence-based recommendations but at the same time is patient-oriented, which could enhance clinical outcomes and patients’ acceptance of the whole system.

Participación Directa y Aprendizaje de los Trabajadores en Mejoras Tecnológicas a Empresas Bajo Gestión Colectiva. Aplicación en Industrias Metalúrgicas de Venezuela y Argentina

La industria metalúrgica estatal venezolana ha vivido, desde sus inicios, procesos cíclicos de cambios y ajustes tecnológicos. Estos procesos no han sido objeto de sistematización que asegure el aprendizaje y apropiación del conocimiento. Este hecho, aún hoy, ha obstaculizado los procesos de apropiación y mejora de las tecnologías asociadas al sector. A partir del acompañamiento a iniciativas de participación de grupos de interés surgidos del seno de los trabajadores, se planteó esta investigación que tuvo como propósito la determinación de condiciones y relaciones para su participación directa en los procesos de mejora de las tecnologías existentes y el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje asociado. Se consideraron dos ámbitos Latinoamericanos donde hay manifestación de gestión colectiva y participación: Venezuela y Argentina. En el caso venezolano, el abordaje se realizó bajo la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), desarrollando la “investigación próxima”, como estrategia de acompañamiento, mediante “talleres de formación-investigación” y la sistematización de experiencias considerando la perspectiva y necesidades de los actores. En el caso argentino, el abordaje se realizó mediante visitas, entrevistas, reuniones y encuentros. Los talleres realizados en Venezuela, en un contexto de diálogo de saberes, facilitaron el surgimiento de herramientas prácticas para la sistematización de su propia experiencia (“Preguntas generadoras”, “Mi historia con la tecnología”, “Bitácora de aprendizaje”). El intercambio con los pares argentinos ha generado una red que plantea la posibilidad de construcción y nucleación conjunta de saberes y experiencia, tanto para los trabajadores como para los investigadores. Los casos estudiados referidos a las empresas recuperadas por los trabajadores (ERTs) argentinos evidencian un proceso de participación marcada por su autonomía en la gestión de la empresa, dadas las circunstancias que los llevó a asumirla para conservar sus puestos de trabajo. De estos casos emergieron categorías asociadas con elementos de gestión de un proceso técnico–tecnológico, como la participación en la planificación, concepción o diseño de la mejora. La participación en general está asociada al hecho asambleario, vinculado a las prácticas de toma de decisiones autogestionarias como expresión de una alta participación. La Asamblea, como máxima instancia de participación, y el Consejo de Administración son las formas de participación prevalecientes. En cuanto al aprendizaje, los trabajadores de las ERTs argentinas aportaron categorías de gran significación a los procesos de socialización del conocimiento: conocimiento colectivo y cooperación del conocimiento, rescate de los saberes y formación de trabajadores que tomen el relevo. Las categorías surgidas de las ERTs argentinas, los referentes teóricos y el interés de los trabajadores venezolanos fueron la base para la valoración tanto de su grado de participación en las mejoras a procesos tecnológicos emprendidas, como del aprendizaje asociado. Ésta valoración se realizó bajo una aproximación borrosa dado el carácter ambiguo de estas categorías que fueron trabajadas como conjuntos que se relacionan, más que como variables. Se encontró que la participación, se configura como un sub-conjunto del aprendizaje para contribuir a su fortalecimiento. Las condiciones y relaciones para fortalecer la participación en los asuntos tecnológicos surgieron a partir de la sistematización y síntesis de ambas experiencias (Venezuela y Argentina) conjugando una estructura que contempla la formación para la nucleación de colectivos de saberes (proyectos de mejora o innovaciones), las redes por afinidad, la sistematización de su propia experiencia técnica y los enlaces institucionales. Estos resultados dan cuenta de la integración de los intereses de las partes (trabajadores, investigadores, instituciones), mediante las estrategias de encuentro, de sistematización de los propios métodos y de conformación de los “colectivos de saberes”, la red de IAP en la industria (IAP Industrial) considerando la “deriva de la investigación”, bajo discursos práctico–teóricos propios, como posibilidad de posicionamiento de su participación en los asuntos tecnológicos de sus respectivas organizaciones, abriendo una oportunidad de ampliación de la experiencia en otros ámbitos y sectores. ABSTRACT Venezuelan's state owned steel industry has experienced since its earliest years, cycles of change and technological adjustments. These processes have not been systematized to ensure learning and knowledge in those organizations. This fact, even today, has hindered the processes of appropriation and improving the technologies associated with the sector. In order to support initiatives involving metalworker interest groups, this research was aimed at determining conditions and relations for their direct participation in process improvements to existing technologies and strengthening the associated learning. Two Latin American countries, Venezuela and Argentina, were considered on the base of their collective management and participation experiences. The Venezuelan approach was carried out under the Participatory Action Research (PAR) strategy, through the ‘proximal research’ as support strategy, by means of ‘workshops–research’ and systematization of experiences considering the perspective and needs of actors. Workshops were carried out in metallurgical enterprises from steel and aluminum at Guayana, Venezuela and its affiliates in the Central region. Those industries have been promoted collective management. The Argentine approach was carried out through visits, interviews, meetings and gatherings. The workshops held in Venezuela, in a dialogue of knowledge context, facilitated the emergence of tools for the systematization of their own experience (‘generating questions’, ‘My history with technology’, ‘Learning Log’). The relation with Argentine peers has generated a network that creates opportunities of knowledge and experience construction and its nucleation for both, workers and researchers. The cases studied relating to Argentine workers’ recuperated enterprises show a participatory process marked by autonomy in the management of the factory, given the circumstances that led them to take it in order to maintain their jobs. From these cases emerged categories associated with management aspects about technical-technology process, such as participation in planning, design or implementation of the improvement. Participation, in general, is associated with assemblies, joined to the practices of self-management decision-making as an expression of a high participation. The Cooperative General Assembly, as the highest instance of participation, and the Board of Directors are the prevalent forms of participation. In relation to learning, Argentine workers’ recuperated enterprises provided categories of great significance to the process of socialization of knowledge: collective knowledge and knowledge cooperation, recovery of knowledge and training workers for replacement. Based on categories arising from the Argentine experience, theoretical framework and the interest of the Venezuelan workers the assessment of both, their degree of participation on technical improvements and the associated technological learning were made considering a fuzzy approach, given the ambiguous nature of these categories that were worked as sets rather than variables. It was found that participation is configured as a subset of learning to contribute to its strengthening. The conditions and relations to strengthen participation in technology issues emerged from the systematization and synthesis of both experiences (Venezuela and Argentina) combining a structure which provides training for the nucleation of collectives of knowledge (improvement projects or innovations), affinity networks, systematization of their own expertise and institutional links. These results show the integration of the interests of stakeholders (workers, researchers, institutions) through strategies like meetings, systematization of their own methods, forming ‘collectives of technological knowledge’ and a participative action research network in this industry (Industrial PAR) considering the ‘research drift’, under their own practical-theoretical discourses positioned as a possibility of their participation in technological activities in their respective organizations, opening an opportunity for scaling to other areas and sectors.

Empresa y movilidad en el marco del fenómeno Social Media

Pocos mercados en la historia han evolucionado tanto en los últimos años como los relacionados con la movilidad. La necesidad en la sociedad actual de descontextualizar el lugar de trabajo y abrirse hacia un mercado más amplio, ha obligado a las empresas a replantearse cómo adaptar sus modelos de negocios a estas demandas. Algunas empresas aún no se muestran abiertas a estos cambios mientras que en otras se ha materializado, en muchos casos, en la integración de aplicaciones móviles como vía fácil, rápida y cómoda de conexión con el cliente y de interconexión y participación interna en la empresa. Se generan así aplicaciones móviles que permiten crear y mantener una relación utilizándolas como la mejor herramienta de fidelización, posicionando a la marca y ofreciendo una imagen de innovación. Las aplicaciones móviles requieren que el desarrollo de los sistemas sean rápidos, que puedan manejar una gran variedad de acciones sin un alto conocimiento a priori de ellas, que necesiten un número mínimo de parámetros, y que las actualizaciones se realicen de manera tan corta como fuera posible. Este nuevo modelo de negocio ofrece servicios especiales a los clientes, permite obtener sus opiniones, facilita la compra online, auto-gestiona los servicios ofrecidos, aumenta la agilidad en el negocio, motiva su recomendación a otros potenciales clientes y desde la libertad, permite elegir el mejor momento y lugar para llevar a cabo una actividad de manera rápida y efectiva. Se constata el incremento en los ingresos derivados de la incorporación de esta herramienta apostando así por este nuevo modelo de negocio. ABSTRACT. A few market forces have developed in history as much as the present ones regarding mobility. Nowadays the need to set the workplace out of a context and open a wider market in society has made the companies raise again how to adapt their business models to these demands. Some companies haven’t shown this need to change yet. On the contrary, in some others, the change is already a fact. In many cases, it has been materialized the integration of mobile applications not only as an easy, quick and comfortable way to be connected with the client, but also as the interconnection and inner participation in a company. Thus, it is generated a series of mobile applications which allow us to create and keep a relationship by using them as the best tool of fidelity, positioning the trademark and offering an innovation image. Mobile applications require a rapid development of the systems and the management of a great variety of actions without their previous knowledge. Moreover, a minimum range of parameters is needed and updating must be done as soon as possible. This new business role offers the clients some especial services. It permits us to obtain their opinions, expedite online shopping and the self- management of the offered services. It also improves business agility, motivates the reccomendation to other possible clients and it freely let us choose both the best moment and place to carry out an activity rapidly and precisely. It is proved the increasing income derived from the incorporation of this appliance relying on the new business model.

La cuestión de la vivienda social en Brasil: una propuesta de implantación urbana y de producción en serie de unidades residenciales unifamiliares para el nordeste brasileño

La simple lectura de periódicos en la prensa o en Internet, o lo ver o oír de los noticieros en las emisoras de radio o televisión, fornecen subsidios ya suficientes para la percepción de la amplitud de la cuestión de la vivienda social en todo el mundo. Esto trabajo, que ahora se presenta, es el resultado de una investigación científica desarrollada de modo a subsidiar una Tesis de Doctorado a ser presentada en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. En la investigación científica, se pretendió sistematizar lecturas y datos sobre la cuestión habitar en todo el mundo, y sobre todo en Brasil, donde se tuvo como foco principal, las poblaciones inseridas en las fajas de renta inferiores a €300 mensuales, ubicadas en nordeste de Brasil. Basándose en todo eso trabajo de investigación científica, que tanto se preocupó con los aspectos ergonómicos, sociales, conceptuales, proyéctales, ambientales, arquitectónicos y urbanísticos, como también con los estadísticos, tecnológicos, infraestructurales, económicos y comerciales, se propugnó una metodología para la implantación urbana de asentamientos planeados de viviendas sociales y la producción en serie de unidades residenciales unifamiliares. La cuestión urbana fue la primera preocupación del científico, tanto en lo que se refiere al planeamiento estratégico de ciudades, como los temas que envuelven la espontaneidad, intencionalidad, territorialidad y centralidades de las ocupaciones humanas en la modernidad y postmodernidad. Proyectos de edificios y de conjuntos de viviendas, así como planes urbanos, fueron utilizados como estudios de casos de modo a basar los análisis presentados en esa tesis. La definición de diseños para la vivienda social, tuvo como premisas, la mejor adecuación posible a las características bioclimáticas de los diversos sitios elegidos y atender a las necesidades presentadas por los futuros usuarios de los objetos arquitectónicos construidos. Los partidos arquitectónicos adoptados intentaron ser coherentes con los valores antropológicos y culturales de las poblaciones atendidas con los bienes producidos, y se ajustaren a las capacidades de comprometimiento financiero de las diversas comunidades atendidas con las edificaciones. Pretendió aún, esa tesis de doctorado, hacer una correlación entre las políticas oficiales apuntadas para la vivienda social existentes en Brasil y las encontradas en los países desarrollados; así como los antecedentes históricos de las singulares problemáticas habitacionales, que tuvieron como cumbre la producción de estrategias gerenciales propias. Se aprovecho, también, mucho de la experiencia norteamericana y europea de industrialización, para ser empleada en la producción en serie de unidades habitacionales en nordeste de Brasil, de modo a que esa tecnología de construcción tanto pueda ser operada por un sistema fabril formal, cuanto por procesos de autogestión y autoconstrucción, actualmente adoptados en amplia escala en Brasil. ABSTRACT The simple reading of nowadays newspapers or the facts presented at Internet, or that can been seen on television or heard on a radio, gives the audience enough arguments to support the right perception of the magnitude of housing problem around the world. This paper is the result of a scientific investigation developed to support a Doctoral Thesis, which will be presented in the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. This research aimed at presenting a methodology for serial production of housing designed for planned areas and their integration to urban space. Information that refers to housing problem around the world, including Brazil, was systematized. We selected as target people that live in the Northeast Region of the country and perceive less than €300 per month as a salary. We analyzed data regarding ergonomic, social, conceptual, environmental and architectural aspects, as well as project and urban information; and also considering statistical, technological, infrastructural, economical and commercial issues. Urban request was the first aspect analyzed. City strategic plan and themes involving aspects such as spontaneity, intentionality, territory and centrality of human occupations in modern and postmodern time were deeply considered. This thesis is also referenced on well known building projects and cities planning. The most adequate constructions considering local weather and poor people architectural necessities programs were pointed out before defining the projects’ sketches. The coherence between plans and anthropologic-cultural values, and also the perfect match to future owners’ financial capacities were also objectives of this work. This study also intended to compare Brazilian’s policies to the ones found in developed countries; and discusses historical facts involved with housing problem, which resulted with management strategies and policies. Some aspects of North American and European industrial experiences were applied to develop serial production of Northeast Brazilian housing. The technology obtained with this methodology intends to be applied in industrial production and also in self-management or self-production procedures, largely used in Brazil.

Outraged spatialities: the production of public scale in the #spanishrevolution

The spatial processes deployed by the 15-M movement in Spain include elements of social change that exceed the limits of conventional politics. Located at a liminal level, these processes operate in the often unnoticed realm of the micro-politics of urban everyday life and the regimes of place that regulate it, providing new criteria for understanding sociospatial and urban phenomena. This article shows how public space, its representations and the spatialities associated with them have served as a support for, have determined and, ultimately, have been reshaped and transformed by the Spanish “indignados” (outraged), in particular in the city and the metropolitan area of Madrid. Drawing on a series of theoretical approaches to the articulation of recent revolts, the deployment of a prefigurative politics and the occupation of public space, I will give an experience-based account of the spatial constitution and effects of these connections in and around Madrid’s Puerta del Sol. As a whole, the indignados’ occupations and actions provide urban theory with conceptual and practical tools to imagine alternative forms of collective commitment in the production of spaces of hope for social progress and generalized self-management.

MODELOS DE AÇÕES SOLIDÁRIAS: UM EXAME MULTICASO

O presente trabalho, busca compreender como ocorre este processo, denominado Desenvolvimento Comunitário (SOUZA, 1991), percebendo-se seu processo histórico, bem como, sua contemporalidade, nas quais contemplam atributos sociais e coletivos, favoráveis à compreensão e aplicabilidade dos conceitos de solidariedade, no qual fazem parte desta categoria social econômica. Para tanto, propõe um diálogo, entre o referencial teórico abordado no presente trabalho, com os relatos das Histórias de Vidas , desenvolvidos na pesquisa de campo, propiciando uma leitura das práticas solidárias, que possam despertar um novo sentido a comunidade, por meios culturais e da participação coletiva. O método de Pesquisa, utilizado foi a Qualitativa , de caráter Exploratório , e a análise dos dados levantados, se procedeu com inspiração Fenomenológica . A técnica de pesquisa utilizada foi a vivencial, por meio da abordagem de histórias de vida , visando compreender como os sujeitos da pesquisa, representados pela Olho Vivo Cooperativa de Confecções e Costura, da cidade de Santo André e da Associação de Promoção Humana e Resgate da Cidadania Padre Léo Comissari, na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo, em São Paulo, percebem o conceito sobre economia solidária, e qual a existência prática da solidariedade, que facilitam, interferem ou propiciam a geração de trabalho e renda, dentro destas comunidades. A análise dos relatos de vida, destes sujeitos da pesquisa, mostrou que a prática da solidariedade ocorre somente entre moradores em situações de extrema necessidade de sobrevivência, mas precisamente na comunidade da Sacadura Cabral. Percebe-se que esta ajuda mútua, dentro desta comunidade, ocorre de forma voluntária, desagregada da compreensão do termo solidariedade. A responsabilidade social das instituições de ensino Superior da região do ABC Paulista incentivou a criação do Corredor Cultural da Economia Solidária do ABC Paulista, cujo comprometimento com a pesquisa, a responsabilidade social e as práticas pedagógicas de ensino superior, apontam para a necessidade de apoio às comunidades locai, visando principalmente o seu desenvolvimento, por meio de instrumentos de capacitação, que visam à geração de trabalho e renda.(AU)

MODELOS DE AÇÕES SOLIDÁRIAS: UM EXAME MULTICASO

O presente trabalho, busca compreender como ocorre este processo, denominado Desenvolvimento Comunitário (SOUZA, 1991), percebendo-se seu processo histórico, bem como, sua contemporalidade, nas quais contemplam atributos sociais e coletivos, favoráveis à compreensão e aplicabilidade dos conceitos de solidariedade, no qual fazem parte desta categoria social econômica. Para tanto, propõe um diálogo, entre o referencial teórico abordado no presente trabalho, com os relatos das Histórias de Vidas , desenvolvidos na pesquisa de campo, propiciando uma leitura das práticas solidárias, que possam despertar um novo sentido a comunidade, por meios culturais e da participação coletiva. O método de Pesquisa, utilizado foi a Qualitativa , de caráter Exploratório , e a análise dos dados levantados, se procedeu com inspiração Fenomenológica . A técnica de pesquisa utilizada foi a vivencial, por meio da abordagem de histórias de vida , visando compreender como os sujeitos da pesquisa, representados pela Olho Vivo Cooperativa de Confecções e Costura, da cidade de Santo André e da Associação de Promoção Humana e Resgate da Cidadania Padre Léo Comissari, na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo, em São Paulo, percebem o conceito sobre economia solidária, e qual a existência prática da solidariedade, que facilitam, interferem ou propiciam a geração de trabalho e renda, dentro destas comunidades. A análise dos relatos de vida, destes sujeitos da pesquisa, mostrou que a prática da solidariedade ocorre somente entre moradores em situações de extrema necessidade de sobrevivência, mas precisamente na comunidade da Sacadura Cabral. Percebe-se que esta ajuda mútua, dentro desta comunidade, ocorre de forma voluntária, desagregada da compreensão do termo solidariedade. A responsabilidade social das instituições de ensino Superior da região do ABC Paulista incentivou a criação do Corredor Cultural da Economia Solidária do ABC Paulista, cujo comprometimento com a pesquisa, a responsabilidade social e as práticas pedagógicas de ensino superior, apontam para a necessidade de apoio às comunidades locai, visando principalmente o seu desenvolvimento, por meio de instrumentos de capacitação, que visam à geração de trabalho e renda.(AU)

Sistematização da experiência da cooperapas: uma cooperativa de produtores agroecológicos de parelheiros, São Paulo/SP

A transição agroecológica, enquanto um processo de estímulo à adoção de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis implica na gradual construção do conhecimento agroecológico, por meio da troca de saberes, experiências e interpretação dos (as) agricultores (as) sobre os contextos em que vivem e produzem, configurando-se em um modo alternativo de produção, em contraponto ao modelo atual convencional. Novos caminhos que tragam a conservação da biodiversidade, a autorrealização individual e comunitária, e a autogestão política e econômica são prioritários e urgentes. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo sistematizar a experiência de transição agroecológica da CooperAPAs, localizada em Parelheiros, zona sul do município de São Paulo, por meio da identificação de representações de agroecologia, relações saúde, ambiente e políticas públicas, bem como os principais interesses e dificuldades de agricultores e técnicos envolvidos em algum momento específico da trajetória de formação, implementação e/ou desenvolvimento da CooperAPAs. Foi utilizado o método de sistematização de experiências, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa a análise documental, entrevistas e oficina de construção da linha do tempo. De modo geral, os participantes reconheciam impactos positivos e negativos de suas ações sobre a saúde e o ambiente. Dentre as necessidades identificadas, destacou-se maior sensibilização e empoderamento de todos os cooperados, para que possam contribuir mais ativamente no fortalecimento da cooperativa, a fim de garantir maior acesso às políticas públicas vigentes, ao mercado, e à comercialização, melhorando, consequentemente, condições socioambientais e econômicas destes agricultores. Para tal, recomenda-se a adoção, pela cooperativa, de estratégias socioeducativas participativas, como a Aprendizagem Social, que favoreçam o diálogo, a negociação de conflitos e a gestão compartilhada, como um novo caminho para a CooperAPAs.

Metaestudio cualitativo sobre vivencias y gestión del cotidiano en adultos mayores que padecen enfermedades crónicas

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia cultural, interpersonal y personal de los adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas e identificar las estrategias y redes de apoyo que utilizan en su entorno cotidiano para gestionar la enfermedad. Método: Se desarrolló un metaestudio tipo metaanálisis cualitativo. La estrategia metodológica constó de cuatro etapas: Búsqueda bibliográfica, Categorización de los estudios, Evaluación de la calidad metodológica y Análisis de resultados. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra bibliográfica de 22 estudios de naturaleza cualitativa. Los hallazgos se organizaron en 4 categorías: Compresión del padecimiento, Autogestión en el cotidiano, Percepción de los Servicios de Salud y Cotidiano del cuidador. Conclusiones: El esfuerzo de los adultos mayores por alcanzar un nuevo equilibrio social y personal se articula en las estrategias de autogestión que utilizan en su día a día para afrontar sus padecimientos. Las interrelaciones con los servicios de salud, familia y redes de apoyo son fundamentales para gestionar la cronicidad.

Obesity, knee osteoarthritis, and polypathology: factors favoring weight loss in older people

Aim: We aimed to explore the meaning of obesity in elderly persons with knee osteoarthritis (KO) and to determine the factors that encourage or discourage weight loss. Background: Various studies have demonstrated that body mass index is related to KO and that weight loss improves symptoms and functional capacity. However, dietary habits are difficult to modify and most education programs are ineffective. Design: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Intentional sampling was performed in ten older persons with KO who had lost weight and improved their health-related quality of life after participating in a health education program. A thematic content analysis was conducted following the stages proposed by Miles and Huberman. Findings: Participants understood obesity as a risk factor for health problems and stigma. They believed that the cause of obesity was multifactorial and criticized health professionals for labeling them as “obese” and for assigning a moral value to slimness and diet. The factors identified as contributing to the effectiveness of the program were a tolerant attitude among health professionals, group education that encouraged motivation, quantitative dietary recommendations, and a meaningful learning model based on social learning theories. Conclusion: Dietary self-management without prohibitions helped participants to make changes in the quantity and timing of some food intake and to lose weight without sacrificing some foods that were deeply rooted in their culture and preferences. Dietary education programs should focus on health-related quality of life and include scientific knowledge but should also consider affective factors and the problems perceived as priorities by patients.

A review of telemedicine and asthma

The literature contains a number of reports of early work involving telemedicine and chronic disease; however, there are comparatively few studies in asthma. Most of the telemedicine studies in asthma have investigated the use of remote monitoring of patients in the home, e.g. transmitting spirometry data via a telephone modem to a central server. The primary objective of these studies was to improve management. A secondary benefit was that patient adherence to prescribed treatment is also likely to be improved. Early results are encouraging; home monitoring in a randomized controlled trial in Japan significantly reduced the number of emergency room visits by patients with poorly controlled asthma. Other studies have described the cost-benefits of a specialist asthma nurse who can manage patients by telephone contact, as well as deliver asthma education. Many web-based systems are available for the general public or healthcare professionals to improve education in asthma, although their quality is highly variable. The work on telemedicine in asthma clearly shows that the technique holds promise in a number of areas. Unfortunately - as in telemedicine generally - most of the literature in patients with asthma refers to pilot trials and feasibility studies, with short-term outcomes. Large-scale, formal research trials are required to establish the cost effectiveness of telemedicine in asthma.