Homens e mulheres nos assentamentos: violência, recusa e resistência na construção de um novo modo de vida

O artigo trata da construção da experiência de assentamentos rurais no bojo dos conflitos entre as imposições do projeto estatal e a tentativa de construção de um novo modo de vida por parte dos trabalhadores assentados. Essas tensões explicitam e dissimulam violências, presentes também no cotidiano dos assentados, em suas relações de gênero, parentesco e produção. Verificam-se, sempre tendo como base a perspectiva das mulheres, episódios de recusa e resistência ao que lhes é imposto.

Da omissão da legislação às práticas de fabricação de verdades: notas de denúncia sobre a previdência social rural

O artigo resgata a trajetória da previdência social rural, analisando as deficiências de sua prática e a posição do movimento rural face à esta legislação.

Risk factors for facial melasma in women: a case-control study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O trabalho rural e a sazonalidade do café: um estudo sobre assalariados do município de Campo Belo - MG

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Novos rumos, velhos hábitos: debates acerca do trabalhador rural na Assembléia Nacional Constituinte Portuguesa de 1911

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Migração, trabalho e representação: um estudo de caso sobre a Coalition of Immokalee Workers, Flórida

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da performance ambiental e a capacitação profissional rural na produção de soja e milho no estado de Mato Grosso

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Análise energética e ambiência de modelos arquitetônicos propostos pelo programa nacional de habitação rural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise energética do milho em sistema de plantio direto, no assenta-mento rural da fazenda pirituba, Itaberá/SP

The aim of this work was to proceed, from the energetic point of view, an analysis of a corn agroecosystem, on the direct planting, located at Pirituba II rural workers placement project, Área III, city of Itaberá/SP. The energetic analysis mesured all operations, together with its fisical demands, the inputs and produced grains, classifying them within their respective flux, based on the definition of energy inputs and outputs, converting them into energetic equivalents and, so, determining the energetic matrix of de agroecosystem. The caloric index used were cultural efficiency and cultural liquid energy. The results showed the dependence of the studied systems on the chemical energy sources, from fertilizers (39,49%), agrotoxics (27,74%), and fossile energy of diesel (24,94%). The energetic values of the direct and indirect energy showed a very big difference between them, what means that the energy sources used in the system are not balanced. The cultural efficiency found was 12,86 and cultural liquid energy got to 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1. Later on, obtained data was compared to already existing data in Bueno (2002), who researched conventional planting system. The cultural inputs of both systems were energeticaly different: 9.696,97 MJ x ha-1 (direct planting), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional planting). The outputs had very different results: 124.722,89 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectively. So, we had much more cultural liquid energy on the studied system: 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1, compared to convencional system: 70.334,60 MJ x ha-1. The energectic loss of nitrogened fertilizers contributed for the high energetic loss of both energetic studied matrices. There are few contribution from biological energy source in both systems.

Providing health care to women with tuberculosis: the family focus perspective

To analyze the relationship between the practice of family health team workers and women with tuberculosis, according to the family focus dimension. The participants were eight family health team workers from a city in the Joao Pessoa metropolitan area (Paraiba -PB). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and then subjected to thematic content analysis. The workers recognize the critical social condition that women with tuberculosis live in, as well as the prejudice they face. They suggest that these women require care based on the concept of comprehensiveness in health. They also highlight the importance of Directly Observed Therapy -Short Course, the existence of incentives, and the women's poor adherence to educational activities and groups. Few workers recognize the inclusion of relatives in the care of women with tuberculosis, which implies the need for discussion regarding this fact with the purpose of improving tuberculosis treatment effectiveness.

Harassment at work? Empowerment and autonomy as coping strategies of young workers

There is a considerable number of researches about workplace violence, but few relate young workers and work harassment. This study aimed to investigate the reported perceptions of young apprentices and trainees about moral harassment at work and related coping strategies. Forty adolescent workers (22 men and 18 women) between 15 and 20 years old who received training by a non-governmental organization in Sao Paulo, Brazil, participated in the study. Data collection included individual and collective interviews. It was used an in-depth semi structured interview protocol. The discourses were analyzed using the hermeneutic-dialectic frame. Results showed that young workers reported little or no knowledge of strategies to cope with moral harassment at work, showing vulnerability to the effects of aggression. Effective coping strategies at work should embrace two important concepts of health promotion: empowerment and autonomy.

Improvement of Older Women's Sexuality Through Emancipatory Education

The purpose of this action research (AR) was to explore the ways in which sexuality is experienced daily and to improve the expression of older women's sexuality. The pedagogy of autonomy as proposed by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire theoretically supported this AR, with the participation of six older adult women living in a rural setting in southwest Brazil. The older women's experiences regarding sexuality, their concerns, and their educational demands could be summarized through five phrases: the improvement of self-esteem as a way to promote sexuality; sexuality impaired by loneliness and lack of affection; men's sexual satisfaction seen as a woman's obligation; women's sexuality controlled by the society; and relinquishment of the companion to attend to the expectations of family members. Dialogical and participative educational approaches and continuous observation-participation strategies were performed to support the women's care and educational requirements.

Occupational safety and health practices among flower greenhouses workers from Alto Tiete region (Brazil)

In this preliminary study the occupational safety and health practices among flower greenhouses workers were evaluated. The study was carried out in the alto Tiete region, located at the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Inadequate welfare facilities; poor pesticide storage, use and disposal conditions; use of highly toxic pesticides; lack of adequate data regarding pesticide use; and incorrect use and maintenance of PPE were observed in most of the visited greenhouses. These results suggest that, in greenhouses, workers may be at higher risk of pesticide exposure, due to many factors that can intensify the exposure such as the lack of control on reentry intervals after pesticide application. Specific regulations are needed to ensure better OSH practices on pesticide use and to improve working conditions in greenhouses, in order to deal with the peculiarities of greenhouse working environment. Some of the special requirements for greenhouses workers' protection are the establishment of ventilation criteria for restricted entry interval; clear reentry restrictions; and EPI for workers other than applicators that need to enter the greenhouse before expiring REI interval. Another important way to improve OSH practices among workers includes the distribution of simple guidelines on the dos and don'ts regarding OSH practices in greenhouses and extensively training interventions to change the perception of hazards and the behavior towards risk. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Correlates of human immunodeficiency virus cervicovaginal shedding among postmenopausal and fertile-aged women

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the intensity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA genital shedding among postmenopausal (PM) and fertile-aged (F) women and to investigate the association between viral shedding and gynecological features, HIV plasma viral loads, and other markers of HIV disease progression. Methods: We interviewed 146 HIV-infected women (73 PM/73 F) in search of gynecological complaints and signs and symptoms of HIV disease and obtained additional information concerning HIV infection by medical chart review. Cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) were collected for assessment of HIV shedding. Laboratory analyses included CD4(+) cell counts, HIV-RNA quantitation in plasma and CVL, and screening for concurrent genital infections. Results: HIV-RNA genital shedding was detected in 16.4% of PM and 21.9% of F women (P = 0.400), and the intensity of HIV shedding did not differ between both groups (means-PM: 1.4log/mL; F: 1.4log/mL; P = 0.587). Three women (2 PM/1 F) exhibited viral shedding in the absence of detectable viremia. HIV plasma viral loads correlated with HIV shedding in both groups. In multivariable analysis, HIV plasma viral loads were independently associated with HIV shedding in both groups. Moreover, the intensity of shedding was independently associated with vaginal pH, tumor necrosis factor a concentrations in CVL, and HIV plasma viral loads. Conclusions: Despite significant changes that occur in the vaginal mucosa of PM women, HIV cervicovaginal shedding was not significantly influenced by this state in our cohort. In contrast, increased vaginal pH and genital inflammation, evidenced by increased tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations in CVL and HIV plasma viral loads, were independently associated with the intensity of HIV shedding in PM and F women.

Levels of selected persistent organic pollutants in blood from delivering women in seven selected areas of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Persistent organic pollutants (POPS) present in the living environment are thought to have detrimental health effects on the population, with pregnant women and the developing foetus being at highest risk. We report on the levels of selected POPs in maternal blood of 155 delivering women residing in seven regions within the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The following selected POPs were measured in the maternal whole blood: 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners (IUPAC Nos. 99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 156, 163, 170, 180, 183, 187, 194); dichlordiphenyltrichloroethane p,p'-DDT, diphenyldichloroethylene p,p'-DDE and other pesticides such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane derivatives cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane. oxy-chlordane, cis-nonachlor and trans-nonachlor. Statistical comparisons between regions were performed only on compounds having concentrations above LOD in 70% of the samples. PCB118 congener was found to be highest in the industrial site (mean 4.97 ng/g lipids); PCB138 congener concentration was highest in the Urban 3 site (mean 4.27 ng/g lipids) and congener PCB153 was highest in the industrial and Urban 3 sites with mean concentration of 7.2 ng/g lipids and 5.89 ng/g lipids respectively. Large differences in levels of p,p'-DDE between regions were observed with the Urban 3 and industrial sites having the highest concentrations of 645 ng/g lipids and 417 ng/g lipids, respectively; beta-HCH was found to be highest in the Rural 1 site; the gamma-HCH in Rural 1 and industrial; the HCB in the Rural 1 and industrial sites and oxy-chlordane and t-NC in the Rural 2 sites. An association between levels of some contaminants and maternal age and parity was also found. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.