Conocimiento de la ley y preparación del personal sanitario sobre el proceso asistencial de la muerte

Este estudio apunta a conocer la percepción que los profesionales de la salud (médicos, enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería) tienen acerca de su preparación en el cuidado de los enfermos terminales y determinar sus conocimientos sobre la legislación de cuidados paliativos. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal, en un hospital de Granada (España), mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría del personal ha trabajado con pacientes en el final de su vida, pero sólo la mitad cree tener la formación adecuada para cuidarlos. Una parte considerable dice no conocer la legislación actual en cuidados paliativos. La mayoría de los profesionales plantearía la retirada de terapias para el mantenimiento de la vida y desconocen el mecanismo para informar sobre la cumplimentación del Testamento Vital, como indica el Plan de Cuidados Paliativos de Andalucía (España).

Spatially-resolved eigenmode decomposition of red blood cells membrane fluctuations questions the role of ATP in flickering.

Red blood cells (RBCs) present unique reversible shape deformability, essential for both function and survival, resulting notably in cell membrane fluctuations (CMF). These CMF have been subject of many studies in order to obtain a better understanding of these remarkable biomechanical membrane properties altered in some pathological states including blood diseases. In particular the discussion over the thermal or metabolic origin of the CMF has led in the past to a large number of investigations and modeling. However, the origin of the CMF is still debated. In this article, we present an analysis of the CMF of RBCs by combining digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with an orthogonal subspace decomposition of the imaging data. These subspace components can be reliably identified and quantified as the eigenmode basis of CMF that minimizes the deformation energy of the RBC structure. By fitting the observed fluctuation modes with a theoretical dynamic model, we find that the CMF are mainly governed by the bending elasticity of the membrane and that shear and tension elasticities have only a marginal influence on the membrane fluctations of the discocyte RBC. Further, our experiments show that the role of ATP as a driving force of CMF is questionable. ATP, however, seems to be required to maintain the unique biomechanical properties of the RBC membrane that lead to thermally excited CMF.

Asessing public policies. The case of education in Europe and the interaction between personal and institutional factors

The paper deals with the comparative study of European citizens' satisfaction with the state of education in their respective countries. Individual and contextual effects are tested applying multilevel analysis. The results show that educational public policies (level of decentralization, degree of comprehensiveness and public spending) as well as the students' social environment (socioeconomic and cultural status) have a sound impact on the opinions about the state of education.

Weak and Strong Altruism in Trait Groups: Reproductive Suicide, Personal Fitness, and Expected Value

A simple variant of trait group selection, employing predators as the mechanism underlying group selection, supports contingent reproductive suicide as altruism (i.e., behavior lowering personal fitness while augmenting that of another) without kin assortment. The contingent suicidal type may either saturate the population or be polymorphic with a type avoiding suicide, depending on parameters. In addition to contingent suicide, this randomly assorting morph may also exhibit continuously expressed strong altruism (sensu Wilson 1979) usually thought restricted to kin selection. The model will not, however, support a sterile worker caste as such, where sterility occurs before life history events associated with effective altruism; reproductive suicide must remain fundamentally contingent (facultative sensu West Eberhard 1987; Myles 1988) under random assortment. The continuously expressed strong altruism supported by the model may be reinterpreted as probability of arbitrarily committing reproductive suicide, without benefit for another; such arbitrary suicide (a "load" on "adaptive" suicide) is viable only under a more restricted parameter space relative to the necessarily concomitant adaptive contingent suicide.

Microparticles in stored red blood cells: an approach using flow cytometry and proteomic tools.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Microparticles (MPs) are small phospholipid vesicles of less than 1 microm, shed in blood flow by various cell types. These MPs are involved in several biological processes and diseases. MPs have also been detected in blood products; however, their role in transfused patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize those MPs in blood bank conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative experiments using flow cytometry or proteomic techniques were performed on MPs derived from erythrocytes concentrates. In order to count MPs, they were either isolated by various centrifugation procedures or counted directly in erythrocyte concentrates. RESULTS: A 20-fold increase after 50 days of storage at 4 degrees C was observed (from 3370 +/- 1180 MPs/microl at day 5 to 64 850 +/- 37 800 MPs/microl at day 50). Proteomic analysis revealed changes of protein expression comparing MPs to erythrocyte membranes. Finally, the expression of Rh blood group antigens was shown on MPs generated during erythrocyte storage. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides evidence that storage of red blood cell is associated with the generation of MPs characterized by particular proteomic profiles. These results contribute to fundamental knowledge of transfused blood products.

Audit report on the City of Red Oak, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Red Oak, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Predictors of red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) after cardiac surgery. METHOD A prospective cohort study performed with 323 adults after cardiac surgery, from April to December of 2013. A data collection instrument was constructed by the researchers containing factors associated with excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery, as found in the literature, for investigation in the immediate postoperative period. The relationship between risk factors and the outcome was assessed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS The factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period included lower height and weight, decreased platelet count, lower hemoglobin level, higher prevalence of platelet count <150x10 3/mm3, lower volume of protamine, longer duration of anesthesia, higher prevalence of intraoperative RBCT, lower body temperature, higher heart rate and higher positive end-expiratory pressure. The independent predictor was weight <66.5Kg. CONCLUSION Factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery were found. The independent predictor was weight.

Red tape and delayed entry

Does cutting red tape foster entrepreneurship in industries with the potential to expand? We address this question by combining the time needed to comply with government entry procedures in 45 countries with industry-level data on employment growth and growth in the number of establishments during the 1980s. Our main empirical finding is that countries where it takes less time to register new businesses have seen more entry in industries that experienced expansionary global demand and technology shifts. Our estimates take into account that proxying global industry shifts using data from only one country or group of countries with similar entry regulations will in general yield biased results.

Audit report on the City of Red Oak, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Red Oak, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Análisis empírico del comportamiento de los costes en las explotaciones agrícolas mediante datos de la red contable agraria nacional

In this article an empirical analyse of farming costs is performed withinthe frame of the activity based costing, employing a panel data set ofCatalan farms. One the main conclusions of the study is that there islimited association for transaction and farm costs, especially in indirectcosts. Direct and indirect costs are mainly driven by volume production.

Asessing public policies. The case of education in Europe and the interaction between personal and institutional factors

The paper deals with the comparative study of European citizens satisfaction with thestate of education in their respective countries. Individual and contextual effects aretested applying multilevel analysis. The results show that educational public policies(level of decentralization, degree of comprehensiveness and public spending) as well asthe students social environment (socioeconomic and cultural status) have a soundimpact on the opinions about the state of education.

Comportamiento de la red de arrastre de fondo (Cr. BIC SNP-1, 9505-06)

Presenta las principales características del comportamiento de la red de arrastre de fondo tipo Granton 400/127 utilizada durante el crucero de evaluación del recurso merluza efectuada en otoño de 1995. Se analiza la captura por subáreas y por estrato de profundidad, observadas en 100 lances de comprobación. Se dan resultados de la geometría de la red de arrastre en sus diferentes niveles. Se obtiene la relación de la profundidad con la longitud del cable para cada estrato de profundidad; así mismo, de la ruptura por unidad de esfuerzo por subárea.

Geometría de la red de arrastre de fondo utilizada en la prospección de recursos pelágico costeros y demersales costeros E/E Huamanga 9611-12

Describe las actividades de rastreo del E/E Huamanga, que efectuó del 01 al 18 de diciembre de 1996, entre Puerto Pizarro y Callao. Se demuestra la longitud del cable principal de arrastre y la profundidad que se determinó en una proporción de 3:1. Así mismo, la correspondencia entre los parámetros de abertura vertical y horizontal de la boca de red en función a la velocidad de arrastre, la misma que fue inversa y directamente proporcional teniendo un alto grado de correlación.

Comportamiento de la red de arrastre de fondo granton 400/127 en la evaluación de los recursos demersales. Invierno 1996

Resultados del monitoreo del comportamiento de la red Granton 400/127, utilizada durante el crucero de evaluación de recursos demersales del Crucero BIC SNP-1 9607-08. Se analizan mediante modelos de regresión lineal y múltiple transformada, las relaciones entre los principales factores que intervienen en la geometría de la red de arrastre de fondo. Se desprende que existe una gran variación entre la abertura horizontal (AH) abertura vertical (AV) y área de la boca de la red, a mayor profundidad (Estrato II y III), debido a la configuración del fondo, velocidad de arrastre, cantidad de cable principal, condiciones de corrientes, etc.