Integridade óssea em poedeiras comerciais: influência de dietas enriquecidas com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e tipo de muda induzida.

2006

Avaliação da mineralização óssea e qualidade da casca em poedeiras comerciais submetidas a um programa alternativo de muda induzida.

2006

Relação entre pressão e volume para implantação da técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases na Embrapa Cerrados.

2008

Sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis para regiões semi-áridas.

Resumo: A maioria dos sistemas de produção em prática no trópico semi-árido brasileiro pela agricultura familiar apresenta baixa ou nenhuma sustentabilidade, devido ao uso de tecnologias quase sempre agressivas ao ecossistema. Como consequência, observa-se, nos sertões nordestinos degradação ambiental generalizada, baixa produtividade das atividades agrícolas, pastoris e madeireiras, inviabilização da agricultura, queda da qualidade devida e êxodo rural acentuado. Urge, pois, que se forneça ao agricultor alternativas de sistemas de produção sustentáveis que atendam a quatro objetivos, quais sejam, a fixação da agricultura migratória, a adequação do manejo pastoril, a racionalização da produção de madeira e a uma forte integração dessas atividades. Para tanto, deve-se: excluir as queimadas, substituir o desmatamento pelo raleamento da vegetação lenhosa, manter um aporte substancial de matéria orgânica, utilizar Ieguminosas como fonte de adubo verde, ajustar a carga animal para a capacidade de suporte da área e adotar-se o corte seletivo e manejo da rebrota na exploração madeireira. A adoção dessas tecnologias na certa contribuirá: para a viabilização ecológica, social e econômica da agricultura familiar nos serões nordestinos, para a sustação dos processos de degradação ambiental, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população e para a redução do êxodo rural.

Melhoramento genético participativo: uma nova perspectiva para o manejo da diversidade genética do semi-árido nordestino.

2004

Estudo de caso da eficiência econômica e viabilidade financeira da produção de morango em sistema semi-hidropônico.

2011

Levantamento pedológico semi-detalhado (1:30.000) do Parque Estadual da Mata Seca, Município de Manga - MG.

Um dos pré-requisitos para o sucesso na seleção e implantação de áreas de pesquisa é o conhecimento preciso da distribuição dos solos e de seus atributos na paisagem. Isso pode ser obtido com o levantamento e mapeamento pedológico convencional e/ou através de técnicas de mapeamento digital de solos (MDS). Este trabalho apresenta os solos identificados no Parque Estadual da Mata Seca (PEMS), localizado no município de Manga, região norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. É parte integrante de um projeto maior, cujo objetivo é explorar novas técnicas de MDS em pequenas extensões territoriais, avaliar e validar seus produtos e estabelecer um protocolo de procedimentos para tal. Abrangendo a extensão de 10.281,44 ha, o PEMS tem sua geologia associada a coberturas cenozóicas derivadas de: (a) rochas pelíticocarbonáticas que compõem o Grupo Bambuí, de idade proterozóica, (b) arenitos cretáceos do Grupo Urucuia e, (c) depósitos quarternários resultantes do retrabalhamento do rio São Francisco. Os tipos e diversidade de material de origem foram os fatores preponderantes na formação e distribuição dos solos e na sua relação com os demais elementos formadores da paisagem local. Em termos gerais, a seguinte relação solo-paisagem pode ser observada na área: Latossolos Amarelos e Vermelho-Amarelos distróficos e de textura média ocupam os platôs (chapada) de relevo predominantemente plano, situados nas cotas mais elevadas do PEMS e sob domínio das coberturas relacionadas aos arenitos do Grupo Urucuia. A vegetação de Carrasco é exclusiva e marcante dessa paisagem, seja observando-a in loco, seja por meio de imagens de sensores remotos. Há uma faixa transicional entre esses domínios e aqueles situados em cotas ligeiramente inferiores, que são influenciados exclusivamente pelas rochas calcárias. A existência de eutrofismo associado à textura média em Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos, Vermelhos, Chernossolos e Cambissolos (latossólicos), bem como a vegetação de Caatinga Arbórea Densa (de médio porte) são evidências do caráter transicional. As paisagens sob domínio das rochas pelítico-carbonáticas em que se desenvolve a Floresta Estacional Decidual Densa de alto porte (Mata Seca) são de maior extensão e complexidade na área. Nelas, o relevo e a proximidade do material de origem exercem ação modificadora na formação dos solos. As seguintes subordens taxonômicas foram observadas nesse domínio fisiográfico:Cambissolos Háplicos, Latossolos Vermelhos e Vermelhos-Amarelos, Chernossolos Háplicos e Argilúvicos, Vertissolos Háplicos, Plintossolos Pétricos, Gleissolos Háplicos e Melânicos. Dentre estas, os Latossolos Vermelho- Amarelos e Vermelhos juntamente aos Cambissolos Háplicos dominam em extensão, distribuindo-se em aproximadamente 87,0% das áreas sob influência calcária. Finalmente, nos depósitos quaternários do rio São Francisco, em relevo plano e sob Floresta Tropical Pluvial Perenifólia, foram mapeados Cambissolos Flúvicos e Neossolos Flúvicos em condições de boa drenagem, enquanto os Gleissolos Háplicos ocorrem nas áreas deprimidas, permanente ou temporariamente inundadas.

Semi-Supervised OWA Aggregation for Link-Based Similarity Evaluation and Alias Detection

T.Boongoen and Q. Shen. Semi-Supervised OWA Aggregation for Link-Based Similarity Evaluation and Alias Detection. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE'09), pp. 288-293, 2009. Sponsorship: EPSRC

Birkhoff normal forms in semi-classical inverse problems

Iantchenko, A.; Sj?strand, J.; Zworski, M., (2002) 'Birkhoff normal forms in semi-classical inverse problems', Mathematical Research Letters 9(3) pp.337-362 RAE2008

Generalized semi-geostrophic theory on a sphere

Douglas, Robert; Cullen, M.J.P.; Roulston, I.; Sewell, M.J., (2005) 'Generalized semi-geostrophic theory on a sphere', Journal of Fluid Mechanics 531 pp.123-157 RAE2008

A General Theory of Semi-Unification

Various restrictions on the terms allowed for substitution give rise to different cases of semi-unification. Semi-unification on finite and regular terms has already been considered in the literature. We introduce a general case of semi-unification where substitutions are allowed on non-regular terms, and we prove the equivalence of this general case to a well-known undecidable data base dependency problem, thus establishing the undecidability of general semi-unification. We present a unified way of looking at the various problems of semi-unification. We give some properties that are common to all the cases of semi-unification. We also the principality property and the solution set for those problems. We prove that semi-unification on general terms has the principality property. Finally, we present a recursive inseparability result between semi-unification on regular terms and semi-unification on general terms.

Application of semi-automated strain analysis techniques and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in fold and thrust belts

Quantitative analysis of penetrative deformation in sedimentary rocks of fold and thrust belts has largely been carried out using clast based strain analysis techniques. These methods analyse the geometric deviations from an original state that populations of clasts, or strain markers, have undergone. The characterisation of these geometric changes, or strain, in the early stages of rock deformation is not entirely straight forward. This is in part due to the paucity of information on the original state of the strain markers, but also the uncertainty of the relative rheological properties of the strain markers and their matrix during deformation, as well as the interaction of two competing fabrics, such as bedding and cleavage. Furthermore one of the single largest setbacks for accurate strain analysis has been associated with the methods themselves, they are traditionally time consuming, labour intensive and results can vary between users. A suite of semi-automated techniques have been tested and found to work very well, but in low strain environments the problems discussed above persist. Additionally these techniques have been compared to Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) analyses, which is a particularly sensitive tool for the characterisation of low strain in sedimentary lithologies.

Self-organized vegetation patterning as a fingerprint of climate and human impact on semi-arid ecosystems

Spatially periodic vegetation patterns are well known in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. Mathematical models have been developed that attribute this phenomenon to a symmetry-breaking instability. Such models are based on the interplay between competitive and facilitative influences that the vegetation exerts on its own dynamics when it is constrained by arid conditions, but evidence for these predictions is still lacking. Moreover, not all models can account for the development of regularly spaced spots of bare ground in the absence of a soil prepattern. We applied Fourier analysis to high-resolution, remotely sensed data taken at either end of a 40-year interval in southern Niger. Statistical comparisons based on this textural characterization gave us broad-scale evidence that the decrease in rainfall over recent decades in the sub-Saharan Sahel has been accompanied by a detectable shift from homogeneous vegetation cover to spotted patterns marked by a spatial frequency of about 20 cycles km-1. Wood cutting and grazing by domestic animals have led to a much more marked transition in unprotected areas than in a protected reserve. Field measurements demonstrated that the dominant spatial frequency was endogenous rather than reflecting the spatial variation of any pre-existing heterogeneity in soil properties. All these results support the use of models that can account for periodic vegetation patterns without invoking substrate heterogeneity or anisotropy, and provide new elements for further developments, refinements and tests. This study underlines the potential of studying vegetation pattern properties for monitoring climatic and human impacts on the extensive fragile areas bordering hot deserts. Explicit consideration of vegetation self-patterning may also improve our understanding of vegetation and climate interactions in arid areas. © 2006 The Authors.

In situ concentration of semi-volatile aerosol using water-condensation technology

The effect of concentrating semi-volatile aerosols using a water-condensation technology was investigated using the Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (VACES) and the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) during measurements of ambient aerosol in Pittsburgh, PA. It was found that the shape of the sulfate mass-weighed size distribution was approximately preserved during passage through the concentrator for all the experiments performed, with a mass enhancement factor of about 10-20 depending on the experiment. The size distributions of organics, ammonium and nitrate were preserved on a relatively clean day (sulfate concentration around 7μg/m3), while during more polluted conditions the concentration of these compounds, especially nitrate, was increased at small sizes after passage through the concentrator. The amount of the extra material, however, is rather small in these experiments: between 2.4% and 7.5% of the final concentrated PM mass is due to "artifact" condensation. An analysis of thermodynamic processes in the concentrator indicates that the extra particle material detected can be explained by redistribution of gas-phase material to the aerosol phase in the concentrator. The analysis shows that the condensation of extra material is expected to be larger for water-soluble semi-volatile material, such as nitrate, which agrees with the observations. The analysis also shows that artifact formation of nitrate will be more pronounced in ammonia-limited conditions and virtually undetectable in ammonia-rich conditions. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interactions spatiales et auto-organisation des végétations semi-arides

Les recherches récapitulées dans cette thèse de doctorat ont porté sur les causes de l’organisation spatiale des végétations périodiques. Ces structures paysagères aux motifs réguliers, tachetés, tigrés ou labyrinthiques, d’échelle décamétrique à hectométrique, couvrant des étendues considérables sur au moins trois continents, constituent un cas d’école dans l’étude des processus endogènes présidant à l’hétérogénéité du couvert végétal. Ces structures prennent place sur un substrat homogène, mis à part la rétroaction du couvert lui-même, et sont marquées par des écotones abrupts et la persistance d’une proportion considérable de sol nu. Plusieurs modèles ont mis en avant l’existence possible d’un phénomène d’auto-organisation du couvert, qui verrait une structure d’ensemble émerger des interactions locales entre individus. Ces modèles se basent sur le jeu simultané de la consommation de la ressource (compétition) et de l’amélioration de l’un ou l’autre des éléments du bilan de la même ressource par le couvert (facilitation). La condition à l’existence d’une structure d’ensemble spatialement périodique et stable réside dans une différence entre la portée de la compétition (plus grande) et celle de la facilitation. L’apparition de ces structures est modulée par le taux de croissance biologique, qui est le reflet des contraintes extérieures telles que l’aridité, le pâturage ou la coupe de bois. Le modus operandi des interactions spatiales supposées entre individus reste largement à préciser.

Nos recherches ont été menées au sud-ouest de la République du Niger, à l’intérieur et dans les environs du parc Régional du W. Trois axes ont été explorés :(i) Une étude de la dépendance spatiale entre la structure de la végétation (biovolumes cartographiés) et les paramètres du milieu abiotique (relief, sol), sur base d’analyses spectrales et cross-spectrales par transformée de Fourier (1D et 2D). (ii) Une étude diachronique (1956, 1975 et 1996) à large échelle (3000 km²) de l’influence de l’aridité et des pressions d’origine anthropique sur l’auto-organisation des végétations périodiques, basée sur la caractérisation de la structure spatiale des paysages sur photos aériennes via la transformée de Fourier en 2D. (iii) Trois études portant sur les interactions spatiales entre individus :En premier lieu, via l’excavation des systèmes racinaires (air pulsé) ;Ensuite, par un suivi spatio-temporel du bilan hydrique du sol (blocs de gypse) ;Enfin, via le marquage de la ressource par du deutérium.

Nous avons ainsi pu établir que les végétations périodiques constituent bien un mode d’auto-organisation pouvant survenir sur substrat homogène et modulé par les contraintes climatiques et anthropiques. Un ajustement rapide entre l’organisation des végétations périodiques et le climat a pu être montrée en zone protégée. La superficie et l’organisation des végétations périodiques y ont tour à tour progressé et régressé en fonction d’épisodes secs ou humides. Par contre, en dehors de l’aire protégée, la possibilité d’une restauration du couvert semble fortement liée au taux d’exploitation des ressources végétales. Ces résultats ont d’importantes implications quant à la compréhension des interactions entre climat et écosystèmes et à l’évaluation de leurs capacités de charge. La caractérisation de la structure spatiale des végétations arides, notamment par la transformée de Fourier d’images HR, devrait être généralisée comme outil de monitoring de l’état de ces écosystèmes. Nos études portant sur les modes d’interactions spatiales ont permis de confirmer l’existence d’une facilitation à courte portée du couvert végétal sur la ressource. Cependant, cette facilitation ne semble pas s’exercer sur le terme du bilan hydrique traditionnellement avancé, à savoir l’infiltration, mais plutôt sur le taux d’évaporation (deux fois moindre à l’ombre des canopées). Ce mécanisme exclut l’existence de transferts diffusifs souterrains entre sols nu et fourrés. Des transferts inverses semblent d’ailleurs montrés par le marquage isotopique. L’étude du bilan hydrique et la cartographie du micro-relief, ainsi que la profondeur fortement réduite de la zone d’exploitation racinaire, jettent de sérieux doutes quant au rôle communément admis des transferts d’eau par ruissellement/diffusion de surface en tant que processus clé dans la compétition à distance entre les plantes. L’alternative réside dans l’existence d’une compétition racinaire de portée supérieure aux canopées. Cette hypothèse trouve une confirmation tant par les rhizosphères excavées, superficielles et étendues, que dans le marquage isotopique, montrant des contaminations d’arbustes situés à plus de 15 m de la zone d’apport. De même, l’étude du bilan hydrique met en évidence les influences simultanées et contradictoires (facilitation/compétition) des ligneux sur l’évapotranspiration.

/

This PhD thesis gathers results of a research dealing with the causes of the spatial organisation of periodic vegetations. These landscape structures, featuring regular spotted, labyrinthine or banded patterns of decametric to hectometric scale, and extending over considerable areas on at least three continents, constitute a perfect study case to approach endogenous processes leading to vegetation heterogeneities. These patterns occur over homogeneous substratum, except for vegetation’s own feedbacks, and are marked by sharp ecotones and the persistence of a considerable amount of bare soil. A number of models suggested a possible case of self-organized patterning, in which the general structure would emerge from local interactions between individuals. Those models rest on the interplay of competitive and facilitative effects, relating to soil water consumption and to soil water budget enhancement by vegetation. A general necessary condition for pattern formation to occur is that negative interactions (competition) have a larger range than positive interactions (facilitation). Moreover, all models agree with the idea that patterning occurs when vegetation growth decreases, for instance as a result of reduced water availability, domestic grazing or wood cutting, therefore viewing patterns as a self-organised response to environmental constraints. However the modus operandi of the spatial interactions between individual plants remains largely to be specified.

We carried out a field research in South-West Niger, within and around the W Regional Park. Three research lines were explored: (i) The study of the spatial dependency between the vegetation pattern (mapped biovolumes) and the factors of the abiotic environment (soil, relief), on the basis of spectral and cross-spectral analyses with Fourier transform (1D and 2D). (ii) A broad scale diachronic study (1956, 1975, 1996) of the influence of aridity and human induced pressures on the vegetation self-patterning, based on the characterisation of patterns on high resolution remote sensing data via 2D Fourier transform. (iii) Three different approaches of the spatial interactions between individuals: via root systems excavation with pulsed air; via the monitoring in space and time of the soil water budget (gypsum blocks method); and via water resource labelling with deuterated water.

We could establish that periodic vegetations are indeed the result of a self-organisation process, occurring in homogeneous substratum conditions and modulated by climate and human constraints. A rapid adjustment between vegetation patterning and climate could be observed in protected zones. The area and patterning of the periodic vegetations successively progressed and regressed, following drier or wetter climate conditions. On the other hand, outside protected areas, the restoration ability of vegetation appeared to depend on the degree of vegetation resource exploitation. These results have important implications regarding the study of vegetation-climate interactions and the evaluation of ecosystems’ carrying capacities. Spatial pattern characterisation in arid vegetations using Fourier transform of HR remote sensing data should be generalised for the monitoring of those ecosystems. Our studies dealing with spatial interaction mechanisms confirmed the existence of a short range facilitation of the cover on water resource. However, this facilitation does not seem to act through the commonly accepted infiltration component, but rather on the evaporative rate (twice less within thickets). This mechanism excludes underground diffusive transfers between bare ground and vegetation. Inverse transfers were even shown by deuterium labelling. Water budget study and micro-elevation mapping, along with consistent soil shallowness, together cast serious doubts on the traditional mechanism of run-off/diffusion of surface water as a key process of the long range competition between plants. An alternative explanation lies in long range root competition. This hypothesis find support as well in the excavated root systems, shallow and wide, as in isotopic labelling, showing contaminations of shrubs located up to 15 m of the irrigated area. Water budget study also evidenced simultaneous contradictory effects (facilitation/competition) of shrubs on evapotranspiration.