Pharmaceutical regulation and pseudo - generics

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa

Sistema reprodutivo e polinização de Lepidagathis sessilifolia (Pohl) Kameyama ex Wassh. & J.R.I. Wood (Acanthaceae), em remanescente florestal da região sudoeste de Mato Grosso, Brasil

O gênero Lepidagathis apresenta distribuição pantropical com cerca de 100 espécies. No Brasil ocorrem 16 espécies, a maioria nas regiões Centro - Oeste e Sudeste. O estudo foi realizado em sub - bosque de remanescente florestal do município de Tangará da Serra - MT e teve como objetivo analisar a fenologia de floração, descrever a morfologia e biologia floral, verificar os visitantes florais e avaliar o sistema e o sucesso reprodutivo por meio de polinizações manuais. Lepidagathis sessilifolia apresenta inflorescências espiciformes, terminais, com cálice de cor rósea vistosa e corola de coloração branco-rósea. A floração ficou restrita aos meses de março a abril, durante a estação chuvosa. A senescência floral ocorreu após 24 ou 48 horas. A viabilidade dos grãos de pólen foi elevada (92,5%). O único polinizador observado visitando as flores de L. sessilifolia foi a abelha Partamona nhambiquara (Apidae - Meliponini). O sistema reprodutivo misto da espécie é caracterizado pela formação de frutos por meio de agamospermia, autopolinização e polinização cruzada. Esse sistema reprodutivo flexível é vantajoso, pois, garante a manutenção da espécie na área de estudo mesmo na ausência de polinizadores.

The powerful in vitro bioactivity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds and related phenolic compounds

The Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a plant from the Amazon region, classified as "super fruit" because of its various functional properties. However, limited investigation has been performed on açaí by-products, such as seeds. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterized the phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract of açaí seeds and further evaluate its bioactivity (antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Only proanthocyanidins were detected, being a B-type (epi)catechin tetramer the most abundant; however, procyanidin trimmers were the most predominant form. Açaí seeds extract revealed a high antioxidant (EC50 ranging from 3.6 to 19.4 μg/mL) and cytotoxic activity, being more effective in the cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa; GI50 = 18 μg/mL); it did not show toxicity for non-tumor cells. Açaí seeds are considered a waste and could have an added economic benefit, through the extraction of natural antioxidants, particularly proanthocyanidins, that could find applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Supercritical fluid and pharmaceutical applications. Part I: Process classification

The supercritical fluid technology has been target of many pharmaceuticals investigations in particles production for almost 35 years. This is due to the great advantages it offers over others technologies currently used for the same purpose. A brief history is presented, as well the classification of supercritical technology based on the role that the supercritical fluid (carbon dioxide) performs in the process.

Design of bio-based supramolecular structures through self-assembly of α-lactalbumin and lysozyme

Bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) and lysozyme (Lys), two globular proteins with highly homologous tertiary structures and opposite isoelectric points, were used to produce bio-based supramolecular structures under various pH values (3, 7 and 11), temperatures (25, 50 and 75 °C) and times (15, 25 and 35 min) of heating. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments showed protein interactions and demonstrated that structures were obtained from the mixture of α-La/Lys in molar ratio of 0.546. Structures were characterized in terms of morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), conformational structure by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and stability by DLS. Results have shown that protein conformational structure and intermolecular interactions are controlled by the physicochemical conditions applied. The increase of heating temperature led to a significant decrease in size and polydispersity (PDI) of α-La–Lys supramolecular structures, while the increase of heating time, particularly at temperatures above 50 °C, promoted a significant increase in size and PDI. At pH 7 supramolecular structures were obtained at microscale – confirmed by optical microscopy – displaying also a high PDI (i.e. > 0.4). The minimum size and PDI (61 ± 2.3 nm and 0.14 ± 0.03, respectively) were produced at pH 11 for a heating treatment of 75 °C for 15 min, thus suggesting that these conditions could be considered as critical for supramolecular structure formation. Its size and morphology were confirmed by TEM showing a well-defined spherical form. Structures at these conditions showed to be stable at least for 30 or 90 days, when stored at 25 or 4 °C, respectively. Hence, α-La–Lys supramolecular structures showed properties that indicate that they are a promising delivery system for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Patente farmacêutica: especificidades e tutela

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Contratos e da Empresa

An R package for the integrated analysis of metabolomics and spectral data

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the field of metabolomics, materialized by a remarkable growth in experimental techniques, available data and related biological applications. Indeed, techniques as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Gas or Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Infrared and UV-visible spectroscopies have provided extensive datasets that can help in tasks as biological and biomedical discovery, biotechnology and drug development. However, as it happens with other omics data, the analysis of metabolomics datasets provides multiple challenges, both in terms of methodologies and in the development of appropriate computational tools. Indeed, from the available software tools, none addresses the multiplicity of existing techniques and data analysis tasks. In this work, we make available a novel R package, named specmine, which provides a set of methods for metabolomics data analysis, including data loading in different formats, pre-processing, metabolite identification, univariate and multivariate data analysis, machine learning, and feature selection. Importantly, the implemented methods provide adequate support for the analysis of data from diverse experimental techniques, integrating a large set of functions from several R packages in a powerful, yet simple to use environment. The package, already available in CRAN, is accompanied by a web site where users can deposit datasets, scripts and analysis reports to be shared with the community, promoting the efficient sharing of metabolomics data analysis pipelines.

From perfect strangers to research partners: a study of relationships, resource sharing and perceived benefits within R&D cooperation networks

Doctoral thesis in Marketing and Strategy.

Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /

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Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /

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Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevas Entidades Químicas de Interés Farmacéutico. Design and Development of New Chemical Entities of Pharmaceutical Interest.

Este proyecto de investigación se basa fundamentalmente en diversas actividades concernientes a la investigación y desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. Estos estudios se llevan a cabo sobre nuevos derivados de las siguientes drogas líderes utilizadas en el tratamiento del SIDA: zidovudina (AZT), lamivudina (3TC), didanosina (ddI) y un tipo particular de Inhibidores No Nucleosídicos de la Transcriptasa Reversa (INNTR) conocidos como "diarilpirimidinas" (DAPYs). Se plantean para el presente proyecto los siguientes objetivos específicos:1. Diseño racional y síntesis de nuevos compuestos,2. Evaluación de actividades biológicas y citotoxicidad,3. Estudio de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de interés biológico y farmacéutico,4. Estudios farmacocinéticos y biofarmacéuticos.De esta manera, se ha considerado un estudio integrador, tendiente a conocer y entender el posible comportamiento en el organismo de nuevas entidades químicas de interés farmacéutico (NEQF). Así, nuestra hipótesis de trabajo se sustenta en que la variación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y farmacocinéticas de las drogas actualmente en uso o en etapas de experimentación, podrá incidir favorablemente en la farmacoterapia del SIDA.Cabe destacar que la aplicación de diversos métodos computacionales, constituye una herramienta muy importante que se utilizada para cada uno de los objetivos planteados ya que brinda información complementaria y una ayuda invalorable para el diseño racional de drogas.Así, se diseñarán, prepararán y caracterizarán NEQF, estudiando en detalle sus propiedades moleculares. Se espera que la información generada represente una contribución para el desarrollo de nuevas opciones terapéuticas efectivas frente al agente causativo del SIDA, enfermedad para la cuál la opción de una terapia efectiva está lejos de ser la ideal.Como el proyecto se desarrolla dentro de un ámbito académico, las actividades previstas permitirán a los becarios y tesistas: 1) ampliar y profundizar los conocimientos teóricos relacionados con los temas de estudio; 2) desarrollar su capacidad creativa; 3) posibilitar el trabajo multidisciplinario. Es decir, se formarán recursos humanos altamente capacitados en el diseño y desarrollo de NEQF, finalizando las tesis doctorales en ejecución e incorporando nuevos jóvenes farmacéuticos.A partir de los resultados que se logren en el campo científico y académico, se espera contribuir a la promoción del conocimiento en el área del diseño y del desarrollo de Compuestos Farmacéuticos Activos. Es de nuestro especial interés que los resultados lleven a un posicionamiento del grupo en el área de la Química Medicinal, de la Bioorgánica y de la Biofarmacia.Con relación a la importancia del proyecto, cabe destacar que la Química Medicinal es una disciplina poco desarrollada en nuestro país, por lo tanto contribuirá no sólo a la generación de conocimiento en el área, sino también a la formación de recursos humanos. Cabe destacar la participación de jóvenes farmacéuticos que son los beneficiarios de dicho proceso de formación. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de NEQF conlleva en sí mismo un impacto social y económico importante, y redunda en beneficio de la salud de la población. Teniendo en cuenta la realidad actual, y considerando que la solución final para el tratamiento del SIDA aún no se ha alcanzado, optimizar la actividad/efectividad de fármacos conocidos y estudiar nuevas moléculas que actúen sobre diversas dianas biológicas constituye una esperanza para el tratamiento eficaz de esta enfermedad. Finalmente, teniendo en cuenta que la finalidad del proyecto es desarrollar nuevos agentes anti VIH con potencial aplicación clínica, es de esperar poder interaccionar con la industria farmacéutica y transferir los resultados a la misma.