The imprinted gene and parent-of-origin effect database

The database of imprinted genes and parent-of-origin effects in animals (http:// www.otago.ac.nz/IGC) is a collation of genes and phenotypes for which parent-of-origin effects have been reported. The database currently includes over 220 entries, which describe over 40 imprinted genes in human, mouse and other animals. In addition a wide variety of other parent-of-origin effects, such as transmission of human disease phenotypes, transmission of QTLs, uniparental disomies and interspecies crosses are recorded. Data are accessed through a search engine and references are hyperlinked to PubMed.

Extraterrestrial amino acids in Orgueil and Ivuna: Tracing the parent body of CI type carbonaceous chondrites

Amino acid analyses using HPLC of pristine interior pieces of the CI carbonaceous chondrites Orgueil and Ivuna have found that β-alanine, glycine, and γ-amino-n-butyric acid (ABA) are the most abundant amino acids in these two meteorites, with concentrations ranging from ≈600 to 2,000 parts per billion (ppb). Other α-amino acids such as alanine, α-ABA, α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), and isovaline are present only in trace amounts (<200 ppb). Carbon isotopic measurements of β-alanine and glycine and the presence of racemic (D/L ≈ 1) alanine and β-ABA in Orgueil suggest that these amino acids are extraterrestrial in origin. In comparison to the CM carbonaceous chondrites Murchison and Murray, the amino acid composition of the CIs is strikingly distinct, suggesting that these meteorites came from a different type of parent body, possibly an extinct comet, than did the CM carbonaceous chondrites.

Taking The 'Sport' Out of Sports Parenting: Toward A Theory of Sport Related Parent-Child Communication Competency

Research has shown that over-emphasis on winning is the number one reason why approximately seventy percent of the forty million children who participate in youth sports will quit by age 13. This study utilized a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate the role of parent-child communication within the context of youth sports. A total of 22 athletes and 20 parents were recruited through a Western university to discuss messages exchanged during youth sport participation. The results suggest that the delineation between messages of support and pressure is largely dependent on discursive work done by both parent and child. Parents who employed competent communicative strategies to avoid miscommunications regarding participation and sports goals were able to provide support and strengthen the relationship despite pressurized situations. The present study frames the youth sport dilemma within a developing conceptualization of communicative (in)competence and offers theoretical implications for sport related parent-child communication competency (SRPCCC).

Parent Loss in Adolescence and its Impact on Sense of Self: When an Adolescent Boy Loses His Mother.

Adolescence is a developmental phase that involves physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. Often this period is one of transition that requires significant adjustment both with the individual and the family. It is considered to start with puberty, sometime between the ages of 10 and 13, and end with the transition into adulthood (Kruse & Walper, 2008). Puberty is a term that is used to describe the physical changes that generally occur during adolescence. It is an aspect of the changes that occur during the overarching phase of development. Within adolescence, individuals are confronted with many developmental tasks such as establishing an individual identity, making decisions about the future, and moving from dependence on families to independence (Austrian, 2008).There are many changes that occur during adolescence, including sexual maturation and functioning, endocrine developments, and skeletal and muscular changes. Boys will see a growth of body, pubic, and facial hair, their voice will deepen, and they will begin having erections and wet dreams (Kruse & Walper, 2008). The accelerated transformation of this phase generally has an emotional impact and individuals may feel concerned or self-conscious about their appearance. Ausubel, Montemayor, and Svajian (1977) suggest that adolescents may be more sensitive during this period of development. This sensitivity may be in part due to the rapid growth resulting in a sense of awkwardness in appearance and physical coordination.

Parent-Child Interaction and Children's Self-Concept

This study is designed to investigate the relationships between marital communication, the quality of parents' ability to assist their children in joint problem-solving, and children's independent mastery attempts and perceived competence at problem-solving, and behavioral indicators of self-esteem. Couples' skill at regulating their own and their children's negative affect within the marital and parent-child family subsystems is hypothesized to predict the quality of their assistance, or scaffolding behavior, to their children during joint problem-solving. Further, the quality of parental scaffolding behavior is expected to predict children's independent mastery attempts, levels of perceived competence at problemsolving, and behavioral indicators of self-esteem. Families for the study will be those with children between 3 1/2 to six years of age recruited from subjects participating in a longitudinal study of communication in marriage being conducted at the Denver Center for Marital and Family Studies. Families will participate in three interaction tasks designed to tap parental scaffolding behavior during problemsolving with their children. Children will be administered self-report measures to tap their perceived competence at such problem-solving as those in the interaction tasks and parents will complete a questionnaire tapping the behavioral indicators of their child's self-esteem. Family interaction data will be coded with the use of a microanalytic coding system developed by this study, the Parent-Child Interaction Coding System. Marital communication data at three time points, premaritally, during the transition to parenthood , and concurrently, will be obtained from couples' interactions from the longitudinal study. The clinical significance of this study includes implications for training couples how to effectively regulate negative affect and offer their children sensitive assistance during joint problem-solving.

The Influence of Gender, Intellectual Ability, Academic Self-Concept, Self-Regulation, Learning Strategies, Popularity and Parent Involvement in Early Adolescence

The present study examined the predictive effects of gender, intellectual ability, self-concept, motivation, learning strategies, popularity and parent involvement on academic achievement. Hiearchical regression analysis were performed with six steps in which each variable was included, among a sample of 1398 high school students (mean age = 12.5; standard deviation = .67) of eight education centers from the province of Alicante (Spain). The results revealed significant predictive effects of all of the variables, explaining 59.1% of the total variance.

Address of the Trustees of a London Charity School to the Parent of a proposed scholar, 1776 June 24

This two-and-a-half-page handwritten document contains a copy of a set of rules for a parent of a school identified as "Saint Mary Rotherhith United Society."

Certificate of parent, 1807 June 6

This brief handwritten note, signed by the parent of a Liverpool student, certifies Croswell's proficiency as an instructor.

L'expérience d'être parent d'un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé

L'hébergement d'un enfant polyhandicapé, c'est-à-dire un enfant présentant une association de déficience motrice et intellectuelle sévère et profonde, est existant au Québec et peu connu de la population. Jusqu’à maintenant, les savoirs sur l’hébergement pédiatrique et l’expérience des parents sont peu nombreux et ne permettent pas de guider le développement d’interventions infirmières adaptées aux besoins des parents. Pour pallier cette situation, une étude d’inspiration phénoménologique a été effectuée afin d’explorer la signification de l’expérience d’être parent d’un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé en établissement de longue durée pédiatrique. Sept entretiens semi-structurés individuels ont été réalisés avec le parent d’un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé dans un établissement pédiatrique de la grande région montréalaise. Afin d’adopter une vision systémique et contextuelle au domaine des sciences infirmières, l’approche systémique familiale selon le modèle de Calgary (Wright & Leahey, 2013) a été utilisée comme cadre de référence. Cette étude d’inspiration phénoménologique a permis de faire émerger trois thèmes quant au phénomène à l’étude, soit : a) héberger son enfant : une décision difficile à accepter, b) la signification de l’hébergement : une expérience tant positive que négative et c) la réappropriation du rôle de parent. Cette étude novatrice permet de fournir des résultats inédits sur l’expérience d’être parent d’un enfant gravement handicapé hébergé. Ils permettent aussi de mettre en évidence les sentiments des parents, leurs impressions et l’adaptation de leur rôle parental lorsque leur enfant est hébergé. Ces résultats pourront influencer ou guider les infirmières dans l’application quotidienne d’interventions familiales adaptées et personnalisées au besoin des parents vivant une situation semblable.

The influence of parent's body mass index on peer selection: An experimental approach using virtual reality

Relatively little is known about the influence of psychosocial factors, such as familial role modeling and social network on the development and maintenance of childhood obesity. We investigated peer se- lection using an immersive virtual reality environment. In a virtual schoolyard, children were confronted with normal weight and overweight avatars either eating or playing. Fifty-seven children aged 7–13 participated. Interpersonal distance to the avatars, child's BMI, self-perception, eating behavior and parental BMI were assessed. Parental BMI was the strongest predictor for the children's minimal distance to the avatars. Specifically, a higher mothers' BMI was associated with greater interpersonal distance and children approached closer to overweight eating avatars. A higher father's BMI was associated with a lower interpersonal distance to the avatars. These children approached normal weight playing and overweight eating avatar peers closest. The importance of parental BMI for the child's social approach/ avoidance behavior can be explained through social modeling mechanisms. Differential effects of pa- ternal and maternal BMI might be due to gender specific beauty ideals. Interventions to promote social interaction with peer groups could foster weight stabilization or weight loss in children.

L'expérience d'être parent d'un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé.

L'hébergement d'un enfant polyhandicapé, c'est-à-dire un enfant présentant une association de déficience motrice et intellectuelle sévère et profonde, est existant au Québec et peu connu de la population. Jusqu’à maintenant, les savoirs sur l’hébergement pédiatrique et l’expérience des parents sont peu nombreux et ne permettent pas de guider le développement d’interventions infirmières adaptées aux besoins des parents. Pour pallier cette situation, une étude d’inspiration phénoménologique a été effectuée afin d’explorer la signification de l’expérience d’être parent d’un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé en établissement de longue durée pédiatrique. Sept entretiens semi-structurés individuels ont été réalisés avec le parent d’un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé dans un établissement pédiatrique de la grande région montréalaise. Afin d’adopter une vision systémique et contextuelle au domaine des sciences infirmières, l’approche systémique familiale selon le modèle de Calgary (Wright & Leahey, 2013) a été utilisée comme cadre de référence. Cette étude d’inspiration phénoménologique a permis de faire émerger trois thèmes quant au phénomène à l’étude, soit : a) héberger son enfant : une décision difficile à accepter, b) la signification de l’hébergement : une expérience tant positive que négative et c) la réappropriation du rôle de parent. Cette étude novatrice permet de fournir des résultats inédits sur l’expérience d’être parent d’un enfant gravement handicapé hébergé. Ils permettent aussi de mettre en évidence les sentiments des parents, leurs impressions et l’adaptation de leur rôle parental lorsque leur enfant est hébergé. Ces résultats pourront influencer ou guider les infirmières dans l’application quotidienne d’interventions familiales adaptées et personnalisées au besoin des parents vivant une situation semblable.