Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Insecta. Orthoptera. v. 2. (1900-1909) The Acridiidæ, Tettiginæ, Phasmidæ by Lawrence Bruner, Albert

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Botany v. 1

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Botany v. 2

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Botany v. 3

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Botany v. 4

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Arachnida Acaridea

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Insecta. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. v. 4. Tineina, Pterophorina, Orneodina, and Pyralidina and Hepialin

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Botany v. 5

El valor de la jurisprudencia en la interpretación y aplicación de la convención americana sobre derechos humanos.

El objeto de este estudio radica en la identificación y el análisis de los principales estándares de derechos humanos producidos por las casi tres décadas de la Corte Interamericana. Para lograr los objetivos, nosotros aplicaremos una metodología de tipo deductiva y de contenido comparatista, que posibilite sistematizar la jurisprudencia relevante sobre cada uno de los artículos que prescriben los derechos en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos. Los resultados esperados, posibilitarían contar con una herramienta que pueda ser utilizada por docentes, operadores jurídicos, y la sociedad en general en el conocimiento como en la aplicación de denuncias o reclamos por violación a derechos humanos.

Riqueza em óleo nas sementes, amêndoas e cascas das bagas de mamona

This paper is a joined publication of the Depts. of Genetics and of Technology, of the E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, and deals with the variation of the percentage oil content in the whole seeds, the embryos and the seed-coat of 28 varieties of castor-beans (Ricinus communis, L.). Primarily, the authors, as a justification of this paper, make reference to the applications which castor-oil has in industry, medicine, etc. In accordance with the weight of 100 seeds, the varieties of castor-beans were classified into 3 classes : small seeds (100 seeds less than 30 g), medium seeds (100 seeds between 30 g and 60) and large seeds (100 seeds more than 60 g). The percentage of oil in the seed, embryo and seed-coat, the dimensions of the seeds and the weight of 100 seeds are given for every variety in table 1. In order to obtain an estimate of the variability for the methods of determination of the oil percentage, in the 3 differents parts of the seeds and also in the 3 groups of seeds, the coefficient of variability was calculate (table 2). It is showed that the variation in the seed and embryo is low and that in the seed-coat is very high. The analysis of variance, with regard to the difference among the 3 types of seeds (small, medium and large), among the 3 parts of the seed (whole seed, embryo and seed-coat) and residual error, is given in table 3. Only, the oil content of whole seeds among types of seeds was significant at the 5% level. The t test among the correspondent means is not significant for the difference between medium and large seeds is significant between both these types (medium and large) and small seeds. The fiducial limits in relation to the mean of the oil percentage in the 3 differents types of seed, show that there is one variety (n. 1013-2), which has a percentage of oil, in the medium type of seed, significantly at the 5% level (table 4), higher than the general mean. Since the distribution of the percentage of oil in the seedcoat is discontinuous, 5 groups were established (table 5). All the differences between groups are significant (table 6). For practical purposes, when we have to remove the seed coat, one should eliminate those varieties which loose at least 3% of oil by this procedure. There is a significant linear correlation at 5% level between the percentage of oil in the seed and in the embryo, of the smali and medium type of seeds (table 7), and also, when taking the 3 types together (lower part of table 7), one finds that the same is true. Also, the correlation between the percentages of oil in the embryo and in the seed-coat of the 3 types together is significant at 5% level. According to the results obtained in relation to the percentage in 28 varieties studied, it can be recommended, for breeding purposes, to work only with those varieties which belong to the medium and the large types of seeds.

Estudo do teor e composição do óleo de algumas variedades de café (Coffea arabica L.)

No presente trabalho foram determinados os teores de extrato etéreo de 19 variedades de café, no estado verde, no torrado, nas bôrras de obtenção caseira da infusão e na bôrra de extração de café solúvel, bem como a fração insaponificável e composição em ácidos graxos de cada óleo. Foi calculada também uma correlação entre o teor de óleo e o extrato aquoso do café torrado. Observou-se que o teor de óleo no café verde variou de 10 a 13% ; no café torrado de 12 a 17% e nas borras do processo caseiro de 7 a 18%. A fração insaponificável do óleo extraido variou de 2 a 5%. As percentagens dos ácidos graxos não variaram acentuadamente de uma variedade para outra, assim como do estado verde para o torrado, podendo-se presumir que a torração pouco afetou êsses ácidos graxos. As diferenças foram maiores quando comparados os teores de ácidos graxos do café verde ou torrado com o das bôrras: observou-se um grande decréscimo do ácido palmítico e aumento dos ácidos olêico, esteárico, linolênico e araquídico. Foi verificada também uma correlação positiva entre o teor de óleo e o extrato aquoso do café torrado.