Association between risk behaviors and adiposity indicators in adolescents from Southern Brazil: A methodological approach

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between risk behaviors and adiposity indicators in adolescents and to discuss some methodological aspects related to this relationship. We evaluated 1,321 adolescents (55.2% female) aged 10-16 years. Relative body fat (%fat) by measurement of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness and waist circumference (WC) were used as total and central adiposity indicators, respectively. Physical inactivity, time spent in front of the TV, the consumption of soda and/or chocolate, alcohol, and tobacco smoking were analyzed as risk behaviors. Information about the socioeconomic status (categorized into three levels) and nutritional status of the mother (overweight or normal weight) were used as adjustment factors in the analyses of prevalence ratio (PR) of the outcomes and their associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The chi-square test and Poisson regression were used for statistical analyses. Low associations were found between risk behaviors and adiposity indicators. Tobacco smoking was the most positively correlated behavior with adiposity in girls (%fat: PR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.04-2.47; WC: PR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.17-3.08) and in adolescents whose mothers were normal weight (%fat: PR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.33-4.03; WC: PR: 2.31; CI: 1.19-4.46). Additionally, as an important methodological issue, we highlighted the assessment of risk behaviors in adolescents as crucial to producing more robust evidence on the subject. Of the investigated behaviors, we concluded that tobacco smoking is the behavior most associated with adiposity indicators.

Perfil do adoecimento dos trabalhadores de câmpus universitário do interior paulista: análise dos dados de absenteísmo por motivo de doença

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Nível de atividade física e qualidade de vida em aposentados residentes no município de Rio Claro - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da imersão em água fria na recuperação pós-exercício: análise conjunta de parâmetros clínicos, funcionais, metabólico e autonômico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O aleitamento materno e sua relação com a prevenção das oclusopatias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A influência da prática do aleitamento materno na aquisição de hábitos de sucção não nutritivos e prevenção de oclusopatias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Classe mollicutes na boca de pacientes com dependência química

Drug addiction is one of the biggest public health problems worldwide, not only by the dimensions of the problem, but also by the severity of the damage, creating favorable conditions for opportunistic microorganisms such as class Mollicutes. This study aims to evaluate the presence of the main species and genera of this group in the subgingival biofilm of drug addiction patients, comparing them with non-dependent subjects. For this purpose, data on systemic health conditions, socioeconomic characteristics, drug addiction from 72 patients with drug addiction kept in rehab clinics and 100 non-dependent patients who formed the control group were obtained. Intra and extraoral clinical examinations were performed and samples of subgingival plaque were collected through sterile absorbent paper cones. The presence of different genera and species of the class Mollicutes was evaluated by PCR using the specific primers and conditions for each microorganism. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for comparisons of three or more variables and the Mann-Whitney test, with significance level of 5%. Out of species and genera evaluated, Mycoplasma salivarium showed correlation with gingival inflammation in both patient groups and was more frequently detected among drug addiction patients

Saliva contamination by opportunistic microorganisms in drug addiction females

In recent decades there has been a significant increase in the consumption of legal and illegal drugs, and most of such compounds are able to induce dependence and this increase was observed mainly in females. This drug addiction increases susceptibility to several infectious agents, especially opportunistic microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of opportunistic bacteria and yeasts in the mouth of drug addiction patients and non-addicted patients with different periodontal conditions. The study included 50 addiction patients and 200 non-addiction subjects. Intra and extraoral clinical examinations were performed and saliva samples were transferred to saline solution and the presence of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, genera Enterococcus and Pseudomonas, as well fungi of the genus Candida was evaluated by culture. Samples were cultivated onto selective and non-selective media under aerobic conditions, at 37oC, for 24 -48 h. Identification of selected microorganisms were carried out through biochemical tests. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the data when three or more categories were involved. Higher detection frequencies of Candida species, family Enterobacteriaceae, E. faecalis, Pseudomonas sp. and P. aeruginosa in addiction patients were verified. It was found that patients addicted to both genders showed a higher occurrence of members of the Enterobacteriaceae, which were also associated with bone loss only in patients with drug addiction.

Role of ATM and PTEN in prostatic carcinogenic dog prostate: validation of aCGH results

The canis lupus familiares is the only species besides human that spontaneously develop prostatic carcinoma (PCa). In addition, the metastatic sites are similar to those frequently reported in men. For these reasons, the dog is the best natural model to study the molecular mechanisms in PCa development providing a natural animal model for treatment by molecular targets. Previously, we investigated copy number alterations by arrayCGH (Canine Genome CGH Microarray 4x44K-G2519F, Agilent Technologies) in canine prostatic lesions: 3 benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH), 4 proliferative inflammatory atrophies (PIA), and 14 PCa. Five histologically normal prostatic tissues were used as reference. Genomic alterations were evaluated using Genomic Workbench Standard Edition 5.0.14. This previous study revealed significant copy number losses of Atm and Pten exclusively in PCa. In the present study, ATM and PTEN immunoexpression were investigated using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 149 canine prostatic paraffin-embedded lesions (BPH, PIA and PCa) collected from 67 animals. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using the polyclonal rabbit antibody anti-PTEN (Santa Cruz Biotech, 1:50) and anti-ATM (Abcam, 1:50). The sections were developed with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and peroxidase. The immunohistochemical staining was assessed in each core by the distribution of positive cells for each antibody per lesion (score 1: <25% cells positive, 2: 26% to 50%, 3: being 51% and 75% and 4:> 75%) and intensity (1: weak, 2: moderate, 3: intense). Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to determine the association between the categorical variables using GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA). Distribution of positive cells did not differ among lesions. PCa and PIA showed more samples with weak intensity for ATM when compared to normal prostatic tissue and BPH (PCa: p=0,032 and PIA: p=0,025). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal samples presented intense PTEN immunostaining than PCa (p=0,021) and PIA (p=0,0013). These results suggest that ATM and PTEN proteins expression in canine prostatic carcinoma are downregulated possibly by copy number losses. These findings are similar from those described in prostate carcinomas from human corroborating for the use of dogs as a natural model to study prostatic disease in men.

Estado nutricional e ocorrência de hipertensão arterial e de diabetes em idosos residentes e não residentes em instituições geriátricas

The aging process involves challenges in meeting social needs, economic and health. Physiopathological changes and socio-economic predispose the elderly population at nutritional risk. The monitoring of nutritional status predict some complications of obesity or malnutrition, and is a tool for health care. The objective to know the nutritional status and risk of chronic diseases of the elderly in geriatric institutions and volunteers. The elderly population of 3 geriatric institutions (n=122) and non-institutionalized elderly (n=75) were evaluated. The body mass index was evaluated according to Nutrition Screening Initiative. For waist circumference, was used the World Health Organization criteria. For statistical analysis, chi-square was used. A high proportion of obesity (46%) was observed. The underweight affects 4% and 20% of noninstitutionalized and institutionalized, respectively. The frequency of the risk of diseases associated with obesity was higher among non-institutionalized. Hypertension affects more than 50% of the elderly. The nutritional status was different between the two situations, with high incidence of overweight and visceral adiposity, in volunteers, and wasting among institutionalized. The data emphasize that it is necessary special attention and appropriate measures to prevent morbidity and mortality and to improve quality of life.

Avaliação do gasto energético de repouso em pacientes com sepse associada ou não à lesão renal aguda

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Doppervelocimetria da artéria oftálmica em gestantes pré-eclâmpticas com recém-nascidos portadores de restrição de crescimento

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Análise dos atendimentos obstétricos realizados pelo SAMU de Botucatu, SP

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Influência do comprimento do pino de fibra de vidro na resistência à fratura de raízes fragilizadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluating Measurement Invariance with Censored Ordinal Data: A Monte Carlo Comparison of Alternative Model Estimators and Scales of Measurement

Evaluations of measurement invariance provide essential construct validity evidence. However, the quality of such evidence is partly dependent upon the validity of the resulting statistical conclusions. The presence of Type I or Type II errors can render measurement invariance conclusions meaningless. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of categorization and censoring on the behavior of the chi-square/likelihood ratio test statistic and two alternative fit indices (CFI and RMSEA) under the context of evaluating measurement invariance. Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine Type I error and power rates for the (a) overall test statistic/fit indices, and (b) change in test statistic/fit indices. Data were generated according to a multiple-group single-factor CFA model across 40 conditions that varied by sample size, strength of item factor loadings, and categorization thresholds. Seven different combinations of model estimators (ML, Yuan-Bentler scaled ML, and WLSMV) and specified measurement scales (continuous, censored, and categorical) were used to analyze each of the simulation conditions. As hypothesized, non-normality increased Type I error rates for the continuous scale of measurement and did not affect error rates for the categorical scale of measurement. Maximum likelihood estimation combined with a categorical scale of measurement resulted in more correct statistical conclusions than the other analysis combinations. For the continuous and censored scales of measurement, the Yuan-Bentler scaled ML resulted in more correct conclusions than normal-theory ML. The censored measurement scale did not offer any advantages over the continuous measurement scale. Comparing across fit statistics and indices, the chi-square-based test statistics were preferred over the alternative fit indices, and ΔRMSEA was preferred over ΔCFI. Results from this study should be used to inform the modeling decisions of applied researchers. However, no single analysis combination can be recommended for all situations. Therefore, it is essential that researchers consider the context and purpose of their analyses.