Composite depth scale, tie points and magnetic susceptibilities of ODP Site 178-1098 sediments

Multiple holes were cored at Ocean Drilling Program Leg 178 Sites 1098 and 1099 in two subbasins of the Palmer Deep in order to recover complete and continuous records of sedimentation. By correlating measured properties of cores from different holes at a site, we have established a common depth scale, referred to as the meters composite depth scale (mcd), for all cores from Site 1098. For Site 1098, distinct similarities in the magnetic susceptibility records obtained from three holes provide tight constraints on between-hole correlation. Additional constraints come from lithologic features. Specific intervals from other data sets, particularly gamma-ray attenuation bulk density, magnetic intensity, and color reflectance, contain distinctive anomalies that correlate well when placed into the preferred composite depth scale, confirming that the scale is accurate. Coring in two holes at Site 1099 provides only a few meters of overlap. None of the data sets within this limited overlap region provide convincing correlations. Thus, the preferred composite depth scale for Site 1099 is the existing depth scale in meters below seafloor (mbsf).

High resolution bathymetric compilation for Potter Cove, WAP, Antarctica, with links to data in ArcGIS format

The bathymetry raster with a resolution of 5 m x 5 m was processed from unpublished single beam data from the Argentine Antarctica Institute (IAA, 2010) and multibeam data from the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO, 2012) with a cell size of 5 m x 5 m. A coastline digitized from a satellite image (DigitalGlobe, 2014) supplemented the interpolation process. The 'Topo to Raster' tool in ArcMap 10.3 was used to merge the three data sets, while the coastline represented the 0-m-contour to the interpolation process ('contour type option').

(Supporting Information) Collection date and location of the analysed herbarium Corallina officinalis samples of the Natural History Museum (BM)

Suporting Information 1; Herbarium Corallina officinalis samples of the Natural History Museum (BM) analysed for the present study. Where the same NHM barcodes are provided for more than one sample, multiple samples were present under the same barcode in the herbarium. (-) indicates samples were not barcoded in the NHM (BM) system.

Magnetostratigraphic age-depth tie points of ODP Leg 208 sites

We report the paleomagnetic and rock magnetic results from discrete sample analysis of sediments from Walvis Ridge, Leg 208 of the Ocean Drilling Program. In an effort to refine the shipboard magnetostratigraphy, alternating field and thermal demagnetization of discrete samples were carried out, predominantly on samples from Sites 1262 and 1267. Results are generally consistent with the shipboard pass-through cryomagnetometer data, though in some cases the discrete samples resolved ambiguities in the reversal record. Significantly, the C24r/C24n reversal boundary was identified at Sites 1262 and 1267, and most boundaries in the Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous sections are now identified to within 10-30 cm. Magnetic mineralogy results show that prior to the late Miocene, the predominant detrital magnetic component was coarse-grained magnetite and that after the late Miocene, titanomagnetite has also been present. This suggests a possible change in detrital source at that time.

(Table 1) Bioclimatic subzones and soil characteristics along the Yamal Arctic Transect, northwestern Siberia

Sustainability of tundra vegetation under changing climate on the Yamal Peninsula, northwestern Siberia, home to the world's largest area of reindeer husbandry, is of crucial importance to the local native community. An integrated investigation is needed for better understanding of the effects of soils, climate change and grazing on tundra vegetation in the Yamal region. In this study we applied a nutrient-based plant community model - ArcVeg - to evaluate how two factors (soil organic nitrogen (SON) levels and grazing) interact to affect tundra responses to climate warming across a latitudinal climatic gradient on the Yamal Peninsula. Model simulations were driven by field-collected soil data and expected grazing patterns along the Yamal Arctic Transect (YAT), within bioclimate subzones C (high arctic), D (northern low arctic) and E (southern low arctic). Plant biomass and NPP (net primary productivity) were significantly increased with warmer bioclimate subzones, greater soil nutrient levels and temporal climate warming, while they declined with higher grazing frequency. Temporal climate warming of 2 °C caused an increase of 665 g/m**2 in total biomass at the high SON site in subzone E, but only 298 g/m**2 at the low SON site. When grazing frequency was also increased, total biomass increased by only 369 g/m**2 at the high SON site in contrast to 184 g/m**2 at the low SON site in subzone E. Our results suggest that high SON can support greater plant biomass and plant responses to climate warming, while low SON and grazing may limit plant response to climate change. In addition to the first order factors (SON, bioclimate subzones, grazing and temporal climate warming), interactions among these significantly affect plant biomass and productivity in the arctic tundra and should not be ignored in regional scale studies.