Trade liberalization and the evolution of skill earnings differentials in Brazil

Rio de Janeiro

Fatores relevantes na escolha de prestadores de serviços de atividades de apoio no Brasil

A pesquisa visou explorar o tema da escolha do prestador de serviços de atividades de apoio no Brasil. Quais são os critérios relevantes que uma organização deve adotar para escolher o prestador de serviços que contribua para a persecução dos objetivos dessa organização? Como escolher o prestador de serviços corretamente? Essas perguntas foram investigadas na pesquisa de campo. O método adotado foi o do estudo de caso único. A pesquisa exploratória utilizou-se do modelo lógico para interpretar as evidências colhidas, bem como cruzou esses dados com a pouca literatura existente sobre o tema. A análise documental, a observação direta e as entrevistas confirmaram as premissas adotadas. A análise da capacidade econômica do prestador de serviços, da habilidade técnica, do preço e o grau de confiança foram encontrados nas evidências e confirmaram a proposição inicial como fatores relevantes na escolha desse prestador de serviços. A pesquisa ainda fez novas descobertas que sugerem futuras pesquisas.

Educação profissional na administração pública: desenvolvendo competências para atender as demandas da sociedade brasileira

Com base na percepção dos servidores lotados nas unidades da Advocacia-Geral da União localizadas no estado de Pernambuco, esta pesquisa se propôs a investigar qual a contribuição dos eventos de aprendizagem ofertados pela Escola da AGU, quanto aos conteúdos programáticos ministrados no período de 2007 a 2011, para o aprimoramento do desempenho profissional dos integrantes do quadro funcional da Advocacia Geral da União. A gestão por competências nas organizações, sejam estas públicas ou privadas, tem se afirmado como elemento estratégico para o alcance dos resultados institucionais, residindo neste fato a relevância da presente pesquisa

Trade liberalization and the evolution of skill earnings differentials in Brazil

From 1988 to 1995, when trade liberalization was implemented in Brazil, relative earnings of skilled workers decreased. In this paper, we investigate the role of trade liberalization in explaining these relative earnings movements, by checking all the steps predicted by the HeckscherOhlin- style trade transmission mechanism. We find that: i) employment shifted from skilled to unskilled intensive sectors, and each Sector increased its relative share of skilled labor; ii) relative prices fell in skill intensive sectors; iii) tariff changes across sectors were not related to skill intensities, but the pass-through from tariffs to prices was stronger in skill intensive sectors; iv) the decline in skilled eamings differentials mandated by the price variation predicted by trade is very elose to the observed one. The results are compatible with trade liberalization, accounting for the observed rei ative eamings changes in Brazil.

Does mixed frequency vector error correction model add relevant information to exchange misalignment calculus? Evidence for United States

Real exchange rate is an important macroeconomic price in the economy and a ects economic activity, interest rates, domestic prices, trade and investiments ows among other variables. Methodologies have been developed in empirical exchange rate misalignment studies to evaluate whether a real e ective exchange is overvalued or undervalued. There is a vast body of literature on the determinants of long-term real exchange rates and on empirical strategies to implement the equilibrium norms obtained from theoretical models. This study seeks to contribute to this literature by showing that it is possible to calculate the misalignment from a mixed ointegrated vector error correction framework. An empirical exercise using United States' real exchange rate data is performed. The results suggest that the model with mixed frequency data is preferred to the models with same frequency variables

Bounds on policy relevant parameters with discrete policy variation

When estimating policy parameters, also known as treatment effects, the assignment to treatment mechanism almost always causes endogeneity and thus bias many of these policy parameters estimates. Additionally, heterogeneity in program impacts is more likely to be the norm than the exception for most social programs. In situations where these issues are present, the Marginal Treatment Effect (MTE) parameter estimation makes use of an instrument to avoid assignment bias and simultaneously to account for heterogeneous effects throughout individuals. Although this parameter is point identified in the literature, the assumptions required for identification may be strong. Given that, we use weaker assumptions in order to partially identify the MTE, i.e. to stablish a methodology for MTE bounds estimation, implementing it computationally and showing results from Monte Carlo simulations. The partial identification we perfom requires the MTE to be a monotone function over the propensity score, which is a reasonable assumption on several economics' examples, and the simulation results shows it is possible to get informative even in restricted cases where point identification is lost. Additionally, in situations where estimated bounds are not informative and the traditional point identification is lost, we suggest a more generic method to point estimate MTE using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Invese Matrix, achieving better results than traditional methods.

Três ensaios sobre o mercado de trabalho no Brasil

Esta tese é composta por três artigos e uma nota, sendo um em cada capítulo. Todos os capítulos enquadram-se na área de Microeconomia Aplicada e Economia do Trabalho. O primeiro artigo estende o modelo tradicional de decomposição das flutuações na taxa de desemprego de Shimer (2012), separando o emprego formal do informal. Com essa modificação, os principais resultados da metodologia se alteram e conclui-se que os principais fatores para a queda do desemprego na última década foram (i) a queda na taxa de participação, principalmente pela menor entrada na força de trabalho; (ii) o aumento da formalização, atingido tanto pelo aumento da probabilidade de encontrar um trabalho formal quanto pela probabilidade de deixar a condição de empregado formal. O segundo capítulo apresenta estimativas para o retorno à educação no Brasil, utilizando uma nova metodologia que não necessita de variáveis de exclusão. A vantagem do método em relação a abordagens que utilizam variáveis instrumentais é a de permitir avaliar o retorno médio para todos os trabalhadores (e não somente os afetados pelos instrumentos) e em qualquer instante do tempo. Face aos resultados, concluímos as estimativas via MQO subestimam o retorno médio. Discute-se possíveis explicações para esse fenômeno. O terceiro artigo trata da terceirização da mão de obra no Brasil. Mais especificamente, mede-se o diferencial de salários entre os trabalhadores terceirizados e os contratados diretamente. Os resultados de uma comparação não condicional indicam que os terceirizados têm salário médio 17% menor no período 2007 a 2012. Porém, com estimativas que levam em conta o efeito fixo de cada trabalhador, esse diferencial cai para 3,0%. Além disso, o diferencial é bastante heterogêneo entre os tipos de serviços: aqueles que utilizam trabalhadores de baixa qualificação apresentam salário menores, enquanto nas ocupações de maior qualificação os terceirizados têm salários iguais ou maiores do que os diretamente contratados. Mais ainda, as evidencias apontam para a diminuição do diferencial ao longo do tempo no período analisado. Finalmente, a nota que encerra a tese documenta dois aspectos relevantes e pouco conhecidos da Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego do IBGE que podem levar a resultados imprecisos nas pesquisas que utilizam esse painel se não forem tratados adequadamente.

Are all new market entry strategic dimensions equally relevant?: insights from some chilean experts?

This thesis looks into the strategic dimensions that Multi-National Companies (MNC) consider when they start the operation in a new country in Latin America and if all have the same weight or relevance when doing the strategic decisions as a guide to land onto a new country. Understanding the weight that MNCs gives to them can prompt to understand the reasons behind the success stories, the struggles - and even failures - that some companies had in the aforementioned region. The approach was via an initial analysis of the scholar bibliography in order to define three main dimensions in the models or frameworks that deal with the strategy used to land. After this, and through interviews, was found out how relevant are each of them for their companies, how they weight them and if there were other dimensions considered. The question that this thesis contributes to understand is if all new market strategic dimensions are equally relevant for a MNC when arriving to Latin America. The results show a predominance of the cultural aspect and in second place, the considered entry strategy (alliances, speed, size, etc.).

Bright minds, big rent: gentrification and the rising returns to skill

In 1980, housing prices in the main US cities rose with distance to the city center. By 2010, that relationship had reversed. We propose that this development can be traced to greater labor supply of high-income households through reduced tolerance for commuting. In a tract-level data set covering the 27 largest US cities, years 1980-2010, we employ a city-level Bartik demand shifter for skilled labor and find support for our hypothesis: full-time skilled workers favor proximity to the city center and their increased presence can account for the observed price changes, notably the rising price premium commanded by centrality.

Dançando com gatos e passáros: O movimento ecossistêmico da ludopoiese na educação infantil

This study shows the movement of educators ludopoiese ecosystem of the Center for Early Childhood Education Marise Paiva-CEIMAP. We used the metaphorof dance as an opportunity to stimulate scientific creativity. Ecosystem Thought, complex thinking, the theory of autopoiesis and Flow Theory, constituted the main theoretical steps to understand the phenomenon of ludopoiese, from the look of your totalidadem with the following objectives: 1 - Identify and interpret the process of self ludopoiética CEIMAP of Early Childhood Educators in the actions of the play, care for and educate in school life; 2 - Analyze Ecosystem Thought from ludopoiéticos how these processes affect and / or possible changes and transformations in practice humanescenteseducational CEIMAP. The theoretical metodógicos steps to address the proposed objectives are grounded in existential action research part of the appreciation of the complexity of the real, considering the human being a whole dynamic. In this sense the game of sand, recreational experiences, the systematic studies and video training were explored with a view to the transdisciplinary relevance of everyday phenomena. New knowledge acquired in accordance with the directions given indicating the movement of the ecosystem studied ludopoiese educators, involved in four main streams: love, play, care for and raise it from love streamline interdependently. The ludopoiese eachteacher would then be fed by this web generated by love that permeates all other educational activities, nurturing and maintaining a constant creative self-organization of knowledge and know-how to be teachers. Thus, every network that generates andstream lines the system emerges ludopoiético biology of love, the open dialogue and playing in the wishing well to the student, the aesthetic beauty of caring and educating, as a human conditionand relevant as possible to live / live not only in teaching children, but in other educational contexts of teaching and teacher education

Já li muita coisa, então, eu posso inventar mais! A leitura literária e o desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo na infância

This study investigates the contributions of reading literature for the development of creative thinking in childhood. Its relevance consists in exploring practices that contemplate the creative thinking development in apprentices at school space and understanding the literature like a significant way to promote the creative thinking. The study is connected to the qualitaty strand. The exploratory observation and the intervention were adopted as research techniques. The field diary and the audio and video recording of the reading sections were adopted as methodological instruments. The research was conducted in the application s college from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in a 1th grade class, with 18 students between 6 and 7 years old. During the intervention, 8 readind class happened, with varied strategies and literary genres. The reading sessions were conducted through the principles of scaffolding, defended by Graves and Graves (1995). The corpus is made of speaks episodes, whose encoding semantics allowed the grouping into two central categories: divergent thinking and coauthoring of literary reader. It was taken as a theoretical framework the studies of Amarilha (2011; 2006; 2001; 1991; 1993; 1994), Alencar (2001), Coelho (2000; 1997), Culler (1999), De Masi (2005), Gallo (2000), Guilford (1977), Iser (1996), Jouve (2002), Kneller (1978), Martínez (1997), Smith (2003), Stierle (1979), Vigotski (2009; 1998), Wechsler; Nakano (2003; 2002). The analysis points to the formation of creative individuals in the classroom, through the reading of literature. Reposition the literary education front of the new social demands. Resizes the function of school in children s development, considering the children s skill in exploring, testing hypotheses and making use of their creative thinking, in climate of freedom mental. It signals, in this way, the teacher like a mediator, promoting a favorable to the development of creative thinking environment, a stimulating atmosphere, which enhances the expression of creative thinking in community

CREATION: técnica de criatividade para geração de ideias de novos produtos

Creativity is a skill found in all individuals and one of the strategies used to intensify it is through the application of creativity techniques. In order to propose a new technique for generating new crafts product ideas, this dissertation, which is part of a research project of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, through action research, intervened in three state communities artisans - Lajes Pintada, Massaranduba and Vera Cruz - to develop the artisans creative potential. Based on the techniques studied in the literature, we selected three techniques for interventions, composing two dynamics - one to improve features and functionalities of existing products, with the technique of SCAMPER; and the other to generate ideas for creating new products, with techniques Listing and Random Words / Figures. These latter techniques were not satisfactory in its objective by presenting constraints, not covered in the description, for the participant group. Thus, it was necessary to propose a new technique for the same purpose, the technique CREATION Clarify technique, Realized creativity, Explain, Apply for word, Think fast, Interpret, Organize ideas, Now evaluate, composed of twelve steps. To use the new technique requires that it be used by a dynamic that takes into account three phases: Planning, Application and Analysis. In the new technique application were generated around 30 ideas, regarded as new, in six sessions, from test pilot to interventions in artisans communities

LEARNING A COMPLEX MOTOR SKILL FROM VIDEO and POINT-LIGHT DEMONSTRATIONS

The aim of this Study was to compare the learning process of a highly complex ballet skill following demonstrations of point light and video models 16 participants divided into point light and video groups (ns = 8) performed 160 trials of a pirouette equally distributed in blocks of 20 trials alternating periods of demonstration and practice with a retention test a day later Measures of head and trunk oscillation coordination d1 parity from the model and movement time difference showed similarities between video and point light groups ballet experts evaluations indicated superiority of performance in the video over the point light group Results are discussed in terms of the task requirements of dissociation between head and trunk rotations focusing on the hypothesis of sufficiency and higher relevance of information contained in biological motion models applied to learning of complex motor skills

Infância na publicidade: um estudo sobre o trabalho de crianças na publicidade na cidade de Natal-RN

In Brazilian scene the child labor is a serious and relevant theme regarding issues that involve infancy, arousing the interest and concerning of public and private institutions, and organized civil society. Thus, the child labor is forbidden by the law, considered that the child worker have a distinguished life experience, especially because it is demanded them the early mature of some skill, generating implications on their physical, emotional, cognitive, social and psychological development. Observing those issues, we proposed think the child labor, over and above those considered the worst forms of one and more found in literature, what lead us to think the child labor in the advertising. In that way, this research aimed to investigate the insertion and development conditions of children who work in advertisements, and the possible effects on their lives in the face of that insertion. Participated of this study: three advertising agencies, six video producers companies, one child model s agent and five children with their respective families. Those children were four boys and two girls, with ages between seven and eleven years old, which one that have accomplished four or more advertisements, in Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte. Based on social-historical perspective, we used the semi-structured interview as methodological instrument, which underlays the comprehension of the data obtained in field research processes. This study revealed that when children are inserted in the advertising activities they are submitted to irregular and adverse work situations, what occurs in others productive activities mentioned in the literature. The data still exposed that the family is the main responsible to the children insertion in the advertisement work; moreover, there is an ambiguousness of wishes in relation of that activity. On the other hand, we realized that the legal content concerning to the child labor forbidding, carries contradictory aspects in face of the ECA s 149 article, that one, under some conditions, allows that a child take part in the activities of advertising context. This highlights the necessity of a rigorous evaluation of the children insertion in the advertising, in order to ensure the whole children and adolescents protection. This study put in evidence the complexity that involves the child labor in this context, mainly, due to the exposition and manipulation of the childish image on the media. Besides, we understand that the discussion on this subject should be stimulated and, therefore, enlarged this on over and above those considered the worst forms of child labor