Análise e simulação de modelos matemáticos para a estimativa da geração de gases em bioprocessos de decomposição anaeróbia de resíduos sólidos em aterros sanitários

Brazil faces a complex problem in respect to municipal solid waste, having been in recent years an increase of its generation without the country there be adequate for proper disposal thereof. In many states , the percentage of waste destined improperly , ie , in dumps , landfills, send- outs , among others , is greater than that disposed in landfills , which would be the most correct way to be made. It can be argued that this discrepancy is due to the high cost of implementation and operation of the landfill, and the same need large areas with physical characteristics that suit their operations . When there is a provision in properly constructed landfills , municipal solid waste grounded generate gases with high potential energy through biochemical reactions during the anaerobic decomposition of organic material stored . Such gases can be used for power generation within the landfill or other economic means . To estimate the gas generation will be sufficient for such economic compensation , there are mathematical models that make estimating the amount of gas produced . These models calculate the energy capacity and generation , using parameters obtained based on the characteristics of solid waste , climate of the region where they are grounded and grounding time . Such models have been raised and studied so that it was possible to perform simulations that demonstrate the behavior of biogas generation related to the external conditions of the landfill that interfere with biological reactions within. The results show differences between the values obtained , it shows that the preparation of the models found and used in the simulations were allocated amounts for different parameters that determine this difference in the estimate . Therefore, to rule, the models have difficulty understanding this because there is no clarity in the formulation of the equations , and the definition of variables and parameters would require a detailed study to...

Geração de vacinas antitumorais de células dendríticas humanas sensibilizadas com RNA de células tumorais pré-tratadas com agentes antineoplásicos

O câncer colorretal (CCR) é a terceira causa mais comum de câncer no mundo em ambos os sexos e a segunda causa em países desenvolvidos. Seu tratamento convencional é baseado na cirurgia associada à radioterapia e à quimioterapia em dose máxima tolerável, para tentativa de eliminação massiva das células tumorais. Tal abordagem, no entanto, pode causar efeitos colaterais importantes, entre eles as alterações hematopoiéticas e a supressão da resposta imune. As vacinas de células dendríticas mostram-se como opção terapêutica promissora para muitos tipos de câncer, havendo diferentes protocolos de preparação e sensibilização dessas células para dirigir a resposta antitumoral específica. Alguns agentes antineoplásicos em doses ultrabaixas mostraram modular positivamente as células dendríticas (DCs) e, na célula tumoral, promover alterações na transcrição de vários genes imunologicamente relevantes. Considerando que, em estudos prévios, tais mudanças transcricionais resultaram em aumento de imunogenicidade das células tumorais, hipotetizamos que o RNA das células pré-tratadas deve ser mais eficiente do que o RNA das células originais para preparação de vacinas de células dendríticas. Assim, objetivamos avaliar se o tratamento de células do tumor de cólon humano (HT-29) com PAC ou 5-FU/LEUCO torna seu RNA mais eficiente para preparação dessas vacinas. Para essa investigação, DCs humanas geradas a partir de monócitos de sangue periférico foram transfectadas com RNA total das células tumorais pré-tratadas e, a seguir, testadas quanto à capacidade de apresentação de antígenos e indução de células T citolíticas específicas. Apesar da baixa viabilidade celular pós eletroporação, os resultados obtidos sugerem que o tratamento de células tumorais com concentrações não tóxicas de 5-FU ou PAC promove alteração de expressão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Utilização de parâmetros qualitativos dos resíduos aterrados como referência no processo de seleção de valores empregados em modelos matemáticos para a estimativa de geração de metano

The study of mathematical modeling assists in evaluation of the capacity of production and measurement of generation time of biogas in landfills, enabling the implantation of projects of energy generation from methane. Thus, the work aims, by simulating scenarios of potential methane generation in the landfill in Rio Claro, the use of field data from methane flow and waste grounded parameters as references for selecting values of k e L0 used to estimate methane generation model in LandGEM. As a result it was found that compared the characteristics adopted in the four scenarios recommended by the USEPA literature with those found in the landfill of Rio Claro (high amount of organic matter in the waste landed and daily practice of leachate recirculation), the scenario that apparently better represent the rate of methane generation is the scenario 01, with k = 0.7 and L0 = 96. Now, the adjustment of parameters in relation to the data field of methane flow, the value of L0 which best fits the methane generation from the landfill in Rio Claro is 150, while for k the line behavior that best represents the reality are values between 0.7 and 0.3. Regarding the parameters of the waste grounded, between the suggested values of k, 0,3 is most consistent with the intermediate level of biological degradation of the residue grounded, while L0 due to the biodegradability of the waste, a new value between 120 and 150 may be more appropriate for the study

Topobatimetria e geração de modelo digital de terreno no monitoramento da dinâmica fluvial do ribeirão Guaratinguetá

This research was developed with the goal of creating a Digital Terrain Model(DTM),through a topo-bathymetric data gathering that allows the monitoring of the fluvial dynamics of part of Guaratinguetá’s creek, where preliminary evaluations identified, in a short period of time, intense changes on its riverbed. Modern topography technics and tools were used for the data gathering, such as the use of geodesic GPS and Total Station. The DTM was primal for the project e execution of the desilting works of the researched part of the creek, being used to estimate the amount of soil to be moved. The comparison between the digital terrain models generated before and after the desilting has showed the efficiency and aplicability of this technique in the monitoring of the fluvial dynamics changes of Guaratinguetá’s creek

Implementação de um tuboexpansor na refinaria do Planalto Paulista – REPLAN com objetivo do aproveitamento da energia contida nos gases residuais do FCC – Fluid Catalytic Cracking na geração de energia elétrica

The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

Estudo analise e exemplo de aplicação de geração eólica

Brazil economic growth has to predict the need for implementation of new energy sources to ensure the continuity of the economic growth and improvement of life of the brazilian population. Until this moment, this assistance included the construction of large hydroelectric plants, mainly in the amazon region, where the environmental impact is difficult or, as in the case of the Belo Monte made this impossible so far, the implementation of these projects. In this work is conducted a study that demonstrates an example of application of wind energy, through an assessment of wind resources in the brazilian Northeast for the implementation of a wind farm

Geração de energia fotovoltaica para cargas pontuais em residências

This work, based in a patent request at INPI, protocol no. 020110035974, presents a system development using solar panels to supply the electricity demand required by punctual loads, without a storage unit or utility grid synchronism, through a control circuit that allows parallel operation with the power grid during low sunlight incidence periods. A study about solar panel construction and topologies for Power generation was done, in a atempt to evalute impacts in project. This development was modular, providing the system the possibility of power capacity expansion and load diversity as well, in an attempt to reduce the total energy requirements from the residential sector drained from the power grid along the day

Web Service para geração de VRS no contexto de posicionamento GPS

Internet is fully inserted in contemporary society, specially in relation to entertainment services and trading. Its reach has transposed the traditional desktop computer models coming to mobile devices like cell phones and GPS receivers. Likewise, the scientific community takes its benefits, both for publication of studies and for communication between clusters processing information, such as at LHC, located in Switzerland. Concerning geodetic positioning, researches in the area present the concept of Virtual Reference Stations - VRS, in which is necessary a communication way between the real reference stations and a central system as well as between central system and a service requester. In this work, we analyze the current solutions for generation of VRS with regard to data delivery for the service requester and present a solution based on Web Services as an alternative to the model being developed by Spatial Geodesy Study Group – GEGE/FCT/UNESP. Comparing solutions, it was verified the potential of Web Services to aid in researches of geodetic positioning using VRS. Using such technology, it is obtained interoperability, providing greater flexibility to develop client applications, both development carried out by researchers of the university or by any person or enterprise wishing to use the service

Efeitos da exposição gestacional ao Bisfenol-A, a Genisteína e ao Indol-3-Carbinol sobre morfogênese e carcinogênese de órgãos reprodutores de fêmeas Sprague-Dawley da geração F1

A exposição in utero a xenoestrógenos pode aumentar o risco de neoplasias de natureza endócrina na vida adulta. O Bisfenol A (BPA), componente de resinas e plástico, considerado xenoestrógeno e desregulador endócrino, tem sido investigado pelos seus potenciais efeitos adversos para a saúde humana. Como a Genisteína e o Indol-3-Carbinol possuem propriedades que podem inibir neoplasias de natureza endócrina, é possível que também atuem modulando/modificando os efeitos causados pela exposição gestacional ao BPA. O presente projeto teve como objetivos: (1) Avaliar os efeitos da exposição gestacional ao Bisfenol - A (BPA) sobre a morfogênese do útero e ovários na prole de fêmeas Sprague-Dawley (SD) da geração F1; (2) Avaliar se a exposição gestacional a genisteína e ao indol-3-carbinol altera os efeitos do BPA sobre sobre a morfogênese do útero e ovários na geração F1 e (3) avaliar os efeitos da exposição ao BPA, e às associações BPA e genisteína, BPA e indol-3-carbinol em relação à susceptibilidade a carcinogênese induzida pela N-Metil-N-Nitrosuréia (MNU). Portanto, fêmeas prenhas da linhagem SD foram divididas em 7 grupos experimentais e expostas ao Bisfenol A (BPA) (25 ou 250 ug/kg p.c.) DG 10 até o DG 21 (Moral et al. 2008), além de ração basal ou ração contendo genisteína (250 mg/kg) ou indol-3-carbinol (2000 mg/kg) durante toda a gestação. Parte da prole Fêmeas SD foi sacrificada parte no Dia Pós-Natal (DPN) 21 e parte ao final da 25ª semana após iniciação ou não com a MNU. Ao DPN 21 os ovários e útero foram removidos para contagem de folículos e morfometria, respectivamente. A prole restante de fêmeas recebeu uma única dose de MNU (50 mg/kg) ou solução de NaCl (1 ml/kg) no DPN 51 e foi sacrificada na 25ª semana após a aplicação de MNU ou de NaCl. Ovários e útero foi removidos para análises histológicas, incluindo a determinação de lesões proliferativas ...

Auxílio do geoprocessamento para a geração do mapa de suscetibilidade à erosão: o caso do córrego Mandu, Rio Claro/SP

The mining of sand, currently, is essential for urban growth, by providing input for the building industry. The consequences of this mining activity to environmental triggers may be severe and irreversible. Among the major impacts caused by sand mining the riparian vegetation removal is detached. The riparian vegetation is essential for balance and maintaining the local ecosystem. For all that had been shown, is possible to verify the importance of environmental studies in areas wich there are mining. This study aimed specially to assess environmental impacts triggered by a mining, located near the headwaters of the stream Mandu, situated in Ajapi, District of Rio Claro-SP. For this purpose, we used remote sensing techniques and GIS to produce thematic maps of slope, pedology, geology, land use and occupation of the soil, and riparian vegetation, using the capabilities of GIS / ArcGIS. The slope map was based on data from the Cartographic IGC 1979, scale 1:10,000. For the production of pedological and geological maps were used Semi-Detailed soil survey of the state of São Paulo, 1981 (1:100,000) and the Geological Map of Zaine (1994), scale 1:50,000, respectively. Since the maps of Use and Land Occupation and Riparian Forest were obtained by visual interpretation of the image of CBERS 2010 following the merger between the HRC and CCD images. From these mappings, and through multi-criteria analysis, map of susceptibility to erosion was made, which supported the environmental assessment of the studied area, indicating susceptible and unsuitable areas for the deployment of economic activities and urban sprawl. This study serves as a model can be replicated in other watersheds, assisting in the proper use planning and land use, aiming at the rational use of natural resources

O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos e os agricultores familiares do município de Rio Claro-SP: diversidade da produção, destinação e geração de renda

A Agricultura exerce papel fundamental na economia de um país, seja ela para emprego de mão de obra e geração de renda, seja para produção de alimentos destinados para a exportação e consumo interno. No Brasil a Agricultura familiar é responsável por produzir uma parcela importante de alimentos consumidos pela população nacional. Durante a década de 1990, políticas públicas foram sendo implantadas para auxiliar o desenvolvimento rural, tendo como público alvo a agricultura familiar e incidindo sobre entraves para o seu desenvolvimento, como a questão da comercialização dos produtos advindos desse segmento. Em 2003, O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), foi instituído pelo artigo 19 da lei federal 10.696, que tinha como objetivo promover a inclusão social e econômica no campo por meio do fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, através da aquisição de alimentos desses produtores. Tais alimentos adquiridos são destinados a ações de alimentação empreendidas por entidades das redes sócioassistenciais, Bancos de Alimentos e para famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O presente trabalho consistiu em um estudo de caso, que teve como objetivo diagnosticar a influência do PAA no município de Rio Claro (SP), quantificando o número de agricultores que participavam do programa no município, e, identificando a diversidade e quantidade de alimentos produzidos destinados ao PAA. Foram também analisados os valores destinados ao programa desde sua implantação. Além disso, foram mapeadas as entidades sócio-assistenciais que receberam os alimentos destinados ao programa. Com base na leis de nº 10.696/2003 e nº 11.326/2006, e os Decretos de nº 6.447/2008 e nº 6.959/2009, que dão providências ao PAA, foram realizadas coletas de dados e informações junto às Secretarias de Ação Social e ao Banco de Alimentos do município de Rio Claro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Geração de energia elétrica a partir da concentração solar

The current world's need for clean and renewable energy sources aligned with the strong Brazilian growth looking to diversify its electric power generation sources, highly dependent on hydropower and petroleum encourages the implementation of technologies that reach this growth with diversity and cleaning. The sun energy source is considered inexhaustible and can meet the demand for energy through thermo solar plants to generate electricity. Several technologies are being studied and developed in the world and they can be used to generate electricity from the solar concentration, but in Brazil its use is still not found commercially. It is therefore essential to understand these technologies and develop knowledge about them so they can be implemented in Brazil. This work brings an overview of the thermo solar generation in Brazil, showing the different technologies and a thermodynamic simulation of one of such technologies considering a hybrid plant with complementary generation biomass, aiming at the generation of 1 MW in the Brazilian Northeast

Calibração do Modelo de TBC para cálculos de espectros de raios-X

As normas nacionais e internacionais prevêem que a manutenção dos níveis de radiação deve estar abaixo do permitido. Sendo assim, a ICRP [1] (International Commission on Radiological Protection) exige métodos de otimização para garantir que o público esteja exposto aos menores níveis de radiação possíveis. Como método de otimização, aproximações teóricas e semi-empiricas podem realizar uma determinação do espectro de raios-X, sendo fundamental para o diagnóstico de energia, estimando a dose de radiações em pacientes e formulando modelos de blindagem. Métodos adequados de radioproteção foram desenvolvidos na física médica como a medicina nuclear, a radioterapia e a radiologia diagnóstica. Um dos métodos semi-empiricos utilizados é o modelo de TBC que é capaz de reproduzir e calcular os espectros gerados pelo anodo de tungstênio. Com o modelo de TBC modificado é possível também obedecer às exigências das barreiras protetoras presentes na radiologia, levando em conta a forma de onda arbitrária e a filtração adicional na geração do espectro não presente no modelo original. Além disso, realiza-se a calibração do espectro gerado para que o modelo de TBC represente a quantidade e comportamento de radiações típicas. Dessa forma, realiza-se uma revisão do modelo de TBC implementando-o ao programa matemático Matlab e comparando-o com os resultados adquiridos pelo Código MCNP-5 no Método de Monte Carlo. Os resultados encontrados são bastante satisfatórios, tanto em termos quantitativos quanto qualitativos dos feixes. Para a calibração, desenvolve-se uma análise dos espectros gerados pelo TBC Modificado aplicado ao programa Mathcad e Matlab sob as mesmas condições. Os espectros gerados apresentam o mesmo comportamento, diferindo em até 12% nos valores encontrados para camadas semi-redutoras, coeficiente de homogeneidade e energia efetiva

Proposta de arquitetura e protocolo para a geração automática de assinaturas de malwares

Given the exponential growth in the spread of the virus world wide web (Internet) and its increasing complexity, it is necessary to adopt more complex systems for the extraction of malware finger-prints (malware fingerprints - malicious software; is the name given to extracting unique information leading to identification of the virus, equivalent to humans, the fingerprint). The architecture and protocol proposed here aim to achieve more efficient fingerprints, using techniques that make a single fingerprint enough to compromise an entire group of viruses. This efficiency is given by the use of a hybrid approach of extracting fingerprints, taking into account the analysis of the code and the behavior of the sample, so called viruses. The main targets of this proposed system are Polymorphics and Metamorphics Malwares, given the difficulty in creating fingerprints that identify an entire family from these viruses. This difficulty is created by the use of techniques that have as their main objective compromise analysis by experts. The parameters chosen for the behavioral analysis are: File System; Records Windows; RAM Dump and API calls. As for the analysis of the code, the objective is to create, in binary virus, divisions in blocks, where it is possible to extract hashes. This technique considers the instruction there and its neighborhood, characterized as being accurate. In short, with this information is intended to predict and draw a profile of action of the virus and then create a fingerprint based on the degree of kinship between them (threshold), whose goal is to increase the ability to detect viruses that do not make part of the same family

Desenvolvimento de aplicativo de análise técnica e econômica para adaptação de uma roda d’água acionada por cima para geração de energia elétrica no meio rural

The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading