Estudo comparativo da variação temporal da comunidade fitoplanctônica do açude Cruzeta inserido no bioma caatinga, Rio Grande do Norte

The Cruzeta impoundment, situated in the city of Cruzeta, hinterland of the state of the Rio Grande do Norte state has significant importance to the municipality as it represents the only source of supplying water to the region. It was hypothesized that the regional consequence of the global warming and the warming of surface water could substantially contribute the significant growth of the aquatic macrophytes in the years 2008-2009. The growth of these vegetation believed to be improved the degree of water transparency and as a consequence of the improved growth of phytoplankton species and chlorophyll biomass. At the same time the aquatic macrophyte could interact and compete potentially for the dissolved inorganic nutrients resources and the phytoplankton community. This study presents a comparison of years 2004-2005 when it did not have the expressive presence of the aquatic macrophyte community or restricted to the littoral region. In contrast, the years 2008-2009 showed a significant growth of the aquatic macrophyte in the Cruzeta/RN impoundments. The present study is an attempt to elucidate the significant presence of the aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes, Ceratophyllum submersum, Nymphea sp and Pistia sp, and its interference on the ecology of phytoplankton. The samplings had been carried out from September of 2008 to April of 2009 and consistently between 10:00 h and 12:00 h with the aid of Van Dorn bottle and the plankton net of mesh size 20 Qm. The collections were made in three depths ie., surface, mid-column and bottom. The Physical-Chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen had been analyzed in situ. The samples for analysis of nutrients and chlorophyll were kept under refrigeration for posterior analysis in the laboratory. Phytoplankton samples were preserved in Lugol-iodine and kept for sedimentation for quali-quantitative analysis of phytoplankton. Enumeration of cells, colonies and filaments was done with the aid of Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber and expressed as numbers/ml. Chlorophyll a was analyzed as a functional component of phytoplankton biomass and extracted with cold 90% acetone. The results indicate that the chlorophyll concentration varied between 5,65-8,08 Qg.L-1 for the dry period and 5,09-6,23 Qg.L-1 for the rainy period and showed considerable reduction when compared to the values to the 2004-2005 study period. The temperature was always presented higher in relation to the 2004-2005 study. Phytoplankton species showed a relative abundance of the Cyanophyceae for both the period of dry and rainy. The predominance species are filamentous Leptolymbya geophila Borzi (Planctolyngbya sp), Anabaena plankctônica Brunnthaler, Oscillatória limosa Ag. and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosz). The concentration of the nutrients such as nitrate and orto-phosfato had always presented higher values during the rainy period and the ammoniacal nitrogen retained moderate values in the dry period and a slight increase in rainy season. The main conclusions are the reduction of the concentration of chlorophyll, diversity of phytoplankton, and the increase in temperature and transparency of the water during the period of the study

Variação temporal da riqueza de táxons, abundância e biomassa de artrópodes em ambiente de restinga do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Arthropods are abundant organisms possess great wealth and diversity representing about 82% of all known animal species. Contribute as a source of biomass and their abundance is an indicator of ecological change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass and abundance found in the salt marsh environment throughout the year and relate them to the climatic factors (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) that can influence the abundance and biomass of arthropods. The study was conducted at the Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes Barreira do Inferno, city of Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, in the period February 2011 to January 2012, using pitfall traps, stationary window and beating tray. Among the 26 orders found, the most abundant were: Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae. Taxa Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Orthoptera showed higher biomass volume. Climatic factors did not influence the fall of Arthropods in the traps, however, the lowest abundance during the rainy season the action of raindrops, reduced the activity of these arthropods on vegetation, reducing its capture in traps (pitfall traps and stationary window ) and method of collection(entomological umbrella)

Influência na qualidade final de metais retificados através da variação da velocidade de mergulho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variação sazonal da concentração de nutrientes em folhas de bananeiras, no Vale do Ribeira-SP

The Vale do Ribeira, SP, main agricultural activity is the banana crop, which accounts for most of this fruit production in the State of São Paulo. The nutritional balance of the plant is one of the most important factors for the banana plant can complete the cycle and achieve high productivity. Aiming to evaluate the seasonal variation of leaf nutrient concentration in banana plants in Vale do Ribeira-SP, we used the results of 252 chemical analyses of plant tissue, collected from August 2009 to September 2010, in the 18 representative properties for the region, ten cultivated with subgroup Cavendish banana plant and eight of subgroup Prata banana plant. The largest variation between the macronutrient occurred for K and S, and among the micronutrients, especially for Fe and B. In some dates of evaluation, there was a higher leaf concentration of P, K, Ca and Zn, in subgroup Cavendish banana plants, while the subgroup Prata banana plants showed higher leaf concentration, especially of Mn, B and N. Climatic conditions, especially rain, influenced the leaf nutrient content, especially for K, N, S, B and Fe.

Variação da atividade locomotora do ermitão Clibanarius Vittatus (BOSC, 1802) em relação à dessecação, na praia dos pescadores, em São Vicente (SP), Brasil

The crustaceans activity of move about could alter in function of the environmental conditions. In the present study, this activity of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus was studied in dry and submerged areas of the intertidal region of Pescadores Beach in Sao Vicente (SP), Brazil. In both areas 110 animals (86 of dry and 24 of submerged area) were analyzed and C. vittatus show more activity in the submerged area than in the dry one. The low activity of locomotion presented when exposed to the air, can be due by the stress caused in function of the high temperature and desiccation.

Germinação de sementes de melão-de-são-caetano sob variação de água, luz e temperatura

The purpose of this study was to evaluate germination of Momordica charantia L. seeds under different conditions of: water availability (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa), temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) and quality of incident light (filter dark, red, green, yellow, red off, blue, orange and without filter). For each variable evaluated, experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates kept under controlled conditions (germination chamber). There were higher percentages of germination under conditions of mild water restriction (-0.2 MPa) and temperatures around 25 degrees C, regardless of the quality of light. Temperatures below 20 degrees C and above 30 degrees C reduced germination, although lower temperatures had strongly effects on germination. Water availability lower than -0.2 MPa strongly reduced germination, which was inhibited in the treatments of -0.8 and 1.0 MPa.

"Eis que a semente caiu em boa terra": a avenida Cruz Cabugá no Recife-PE como campo religioso local

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre o perímetro escrotal de animais da raça Caracu

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos de idade (IDS) e peso aos 15 meses (P15) sobre medidas de perímetro escrotal ao sobreano de 1.892 machos da raça Caracu e estimada a herdabilidade desta característica. Utilizaram-se dois modelos de análise: em um dos modelos, foram incluídos o efeito de grupo de contemporâneos (GC) e, como covariável, a idade ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático); e, no outro, o efeito de GC e, como covariável, o peso ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático). A idade não teve efeito significativo no perímetro escrotal, o que está relacionado à homogeneidade dos animais nos grupos de contemporâneos, enquanto os efeitos linear e quadrático de P15 foram significativos sobre o perímetro escrotal, indicando grande influência do peso sobre a variação desta característica. A herdabilidade do perímetro escrotal foi estimada pelo método Bayesiano utilizando-se um modelo animal. O modelo incluiu os efeitos de GC e P15 (linear e quadrático) e os efeitos genéticos aditivo direto e residual. O valor médio estimado de herdabilidade do PE ao sobreano foi 0,38 e comprova que esta característica pode ser utilizada como critério de seleção para precocidade sexual em programas de melhoramento genético de animais da raça Caracu.

Causas de variação nos preços de bovinos nelore elite no Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O papel de interações positivas entre plantas na regeneração de áreas degradadas na caatinga

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Demanda energética e eficiência da distribuição de sementes de milho sob variação de velocidade e condição de solo

O trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a demanda energética e a eficiência da distribuição de sementes de uma semeadora-adubadora para semeadura direta, submetida à variação de velocidade e condições de solo, na semeadura da cultura do milho. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições, combinando-se três velocidades de deslocamento (4,4; 6,1 e 8,1 km h-1) e duas condições de solo (solo manejado sob sistema de plantio direto há cinco anos e solo preparado com escarificador há 18 meses). Avaliaram-se a força de tração, a potência na barra de tração, o consumo de combustível, a capacidade de campo efetiva, a distribuição longitudinal de plantas, o coeficiente de variação, o índice de precisão e o número de plantas por hectare (estande inicial). Os resultados revelaram que, aumentando-se a velocidade de 4,4 para 8,1 km h-1, consegue-se aumentar em 86% a capacidade operacional, com incremento de 96% na demanda de potência na barra de tração e redução de 26% no consumo operacional de combustível. A maior velocidade (8,1 km h-1) proporcionou menor porcentual de espaçamentos normais e aumento no porcentual de espaçamentos múltiplos e falhos, maior coeficiente de variação e pior índice de precisão. A variação da velocidade não interferiu no número de plantas por hectare.

O púlpito como cátedra: retórica e educação nos sermões do Pe. Antônio Vieira (1608-1697)

This work aims to analyze the relationship among culture, education and rhetoric on the sermons of the Priest Antonio Vieira (1608-1697). It discusses the presence of oratory on the Western teaching since its Greek origins until the formation of the Ratio Studiorum in 17th-century. Brazilian society is defined as baroque and the rhetoric arises as element essential in the elaboration of the social imaginary speeches and, occupying as an essencial element in the elaboration of discursese and social imaginaries, occupying the centre of controversies, about questions like reason and the faith, ethics and the politics, the nature of the Indian and African peoples, even over the own construction of the modern subject. In this context the vieira´s preaching discharges the functions of kerigma (preaching), didachê (education) and politics (action). The research consisted in a finicky reading over five of these sermons that were returned in the presence of different audiences. The pulpit was the cathedra where Vieira used his sermons as a manner of social mobilization that aimed not only teaching a determined knowledge of reality, but altering cruel situations like Indian and poor people slavery in his epoch. Education by Vieira consist in a tension between utopian hopes and urgencies of practice. The rhetorical tradition affirms the interdependence of technical ethics and politics aspects. To know is not enough is necessary to convince and to move, realizating passage from theorical to practical liverly. It presupposes still the preoccupation with the solidity of argumentation and of reasoning, a wide cultural formation, the requirement of a civic ethics and, mainly, the adequacy between content and the specifics of audience

Dimensões e universo das representações sociais de educação ambiental por discentes em Garanhuns-PE

The research aimed at investigating the dimensions and the universe of social representations of environmental education, as well as identifying the senses and meanings Environmental Education. This study admitted as presumption the education and environment dimensions. In this investigation was adopted as reference the dimension or representation scope of Moscovici. One hundred and twenty (120) students from Public Schools of Basic Education participated of this study and moreover three hundred and twenty-three (323) from Higher Education in the area of the UPE-FACETEG. The following questions were admitted: 1) What are the dimensions/categories that exist in the semantic scope of social representations of the environmental education? 2) What are the senses and meanings of environmental education? 3) The student s representations of Basic Education are similar or different from the Higher Education? The software EVOC helped in the organization of semantic scope for construction of the categories, with support of the contents analysis. The justifications are sorted on lexical classes using the software ALCESTE, through of the speech analyses. The free association of words answered the question dimension/categories and its semantic scope, being: a) Nature/Environment; b) values; c) Attitudes; d) Actions; e) Implications; f) Mediation. Six lexical classes were found with its meanings enumerated in this way: 1.Awareness, as a factor of belief for the preservation of nature and society. The students are clamoring for environmental education in the school, emphasizing the importance of awareness in the development of the respect to the environment linking the education and family; 2. The consciousness-knowledge relationship for the environment-nature preservation. 3. The environment and human interventions, in search of indicators of solutions. 4. Nature /background/ environment and its constituting elements, a thinking of values and an acting for mediation. 5. The human-nature interaction in social representations of environmental education and the symbolic-life size. 6. Nature / environment /, values, attitudes, actions, implications, and mediation in nature-man relationships. The groups more representatives according to these lexical classes were, the Basic Education in the class-4, represented exclusively by the Primary and Secondary Education and the class-6 represented by both two the Basic Education (47,37%) and the Higher Education (52,63%) - History, Pedagogy, Psychology, Mathematics, Language and Literature. The classes 4 and 6 are related to the class-3 which in turn is formed by students of Higher Education (Mathematics, Biology, Pedagogy, Psychology, Language and Literature) and Basic Education (Primary and Secondary Education). The Higher Education is most represented by the lexical classes (1, 2 and 5). The class 2 corresponded to 80% of the researched groups. In the class-1 the biggest representation was concerning to the Psychology, Geography, Biology and Language and Literature courses, whereas the class-5 was best represented by Psychology, Biology, Pedagogy, Language and Literature, Geography and History. From the results, one may conclude that the imagery is nature/environment; that life is the symbolic dimension that permeates the whole imaginary, and that preservation, awareness and respect are inserted in the speech that circulate to protect life

Variação das características físico-químicas e microbiológicas das salmouras empregadas na salga de queijos tipo mussarela durante o período de sua utilização

Foram analisadas 40 amostras de salmouras empregadas na salga por submersão de queijos tipo mussarela, em uma indústria de laticínios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com o objetivo de se conhecer a variação das características físico-químicas e microbiológicas durante o período de sua utilização. Os valores médios do pH, concentração de cloreto de sódio e de proteínas solúveis, desde o preparo da salmoura até o 21° dia de utilização, variaram de 7,21 a 5,76, 27,1 a 24,5 e de zero a 0,126 mg/ml, respectivamente. Por outro lado, os valores médios das contagens de microrganismos mesófilos e do número mais provável de coliformes totais e de origem fecal variaram de 5,8 x 10 UFC/ml a 6,9 x 10(4) UFC/ml, zero a 1,6 x 10(5)/100ml e zero a 1,1 x 10(5)/100ml, respectivamente. Além disso, os valores médios das contagens de bolores e leveduras e de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, variaram de 0,4 x 10 UFC/ml a 2,0 x 10³ UFC/ml e de zero a 1,3 x 10 UFC/ml, respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a existência de condições higiênicas inadequadas durante o preparo e utilização das salmouras, de modo a representar uma importante fonte de contaminação para os queijos. em decorrência deste fato, existe a possibilidade do comprometimento da qualidade dos queijos, de modo a representar risco potencial à população consumidora.

Da resistência à ação política, a educação pelo consenso: a ação educativa de Pe. Sabino em Mãe Luiza Natal/RN

This study focuses on a methodology of unchained action by Father Sabino Gentili in Mãe Luiza, suburb of Natal-RN, which has enhanced social participation in what Castells calls project identity. The perception of collective actions, focused on the development of subjects from the perspective of Alain Touraine occurs continuously in a popular neighborhood, whose history marked by conflict mainly related to the resistance in the remaining living space. It is argued that there was an appropriation of resistance identity, which was already present in the community of Mãe Luiza, in order to channel it to create a project identity, through an implicit methodology that has been identified as Pedagogy of Consensus, based on Paulo Freire s concepts of dialogue and participation. Therefore, by means of qualitative research, using tools such as semi-structured interviews and documented sources, we tried to describe the intent of the action of a social actor and the political and educational strategies that motivate the collective action aiming a social change, observing the elements present in this action that allowed the continuity of organizational and participating processes through the dynamics of Mãe Luiza s neighborhood