1000 resultados para Trigo - Uso terapêutico


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O objeto deste trabalho é assistir ao idoso submetido à terapêutica de medicamentos hipertensivos e possibilitar ao enfermeiro se tornar participante do processo de educação e saúde, orientando os idosos quanto à administração de medicação. Os medicamentos são o principal instrumento terapêutico para tratar a maior parte dos problemas de saúde dos idosos e o uso incorreto e indiscriminado destes representa graves perigos para a saúde desse grupo etário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer esta problemática e apontar ações que visem minimizar as iatrogenias medicamentosas em idosos. O estudo foi desenvolvido com uma abordagem de revisão bibliográfica. O estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, por meio de publicações científicas em livros, artigos e sites da saúde sobre o que propõe a literatura a respeito das ações de enfermagem para assistir ao idoso submetido à terapêutica de medicamentos hipertensivos. A partir da revisão da literatura pode-se perceber que os idosos possuem poucas informações a respeito de suas medicações e que ações educativas de enfermagem podem minimizar as complicações amenizando assim os problemas decorrentes do uso de medicamentos.

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As plantas medicinais fizeram e continuam fazendo parte da vida de uma boa parcela da população. São recursos antigos e atuais, muitas delas já possuem comprovação de sua eficácia. As pessoas utilizam por tradição e até mesmo por falta de recursos para cuidar da saúde o que tem atendido de alguma forma as demandas de saúde/doença de diversas famílias. Ao reconhecer a importância das plantas medicinais como recurso terapêutico, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) tem aconselhado o desenvolvimento de ações que visem à inclusão das plantas medicinais na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Infelizmente muitas pessoas utilizam desse recurso terapêutico de forma inadequada acreditando que por ser natural não poderá provocar alterações prejudiciais ao organismo. O presente trabalho visou a realização de uma revisão de literatura a fim de se adquirir informações sobre as principais plantas utilizadas pela população adscrita na área da abrangência da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) Monsenhor Gerardo Magela além da aquisição de conhecimentos para poder orientar seu uso evitando assim reações adversas ocasionada pelo uso indevido. Foi observada a partir da pesquisa realizada que várias tradições, conhecimentos e práticas não são contemplados pelos profissionais de saúde atuantes na Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS) por diversos motivos.

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A dificuldade dos pacientes em seguir as orientações da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde quanto ao uso das medicações prescritas, à dieta ou mudança no estilo de vida, é um problema presente na realidade da atenção primária à saúde. Estudos mostram que vários fatores podem contribuir para a não adesão medicamentosa aos tratamentos, tais como: pacientes considerarem que a medicação é ineficaz; efeitos colaterais desagradáveis; baixa escolaridade; falta de acesso à medicação; dificuldade de relacionamento entre profissional-paciente. Sobre o conceito de adesão compreende-se como a utilização dos medicamentos prescritos ou outros procedimentos em pelo menos 80% de seu total, observando horários, doses e tempo de tratamento. Ao realizar o diagnóstico situacional da área de abrangência da Equipe Seis no Centro de Saúde Independência, Belo Horizonte, vários problemas foram identificados tais como: ausência crônica de profissionais da saúde na equipe, principalmente médicos; sensação de abandono por parte dos usuários quanto ao acompanhamento pela equipe; grande número de pacientes com quadro de doenças crônicas descontroladas e sem o devido acompanhamento, dificuldade de adesão dos usuários ao tratamento e manejo dos medicamentos prescritos, sendo estes dois últimos considerados como de maior relevância pela equipe. Situação essa que muito reflete sobre os outros problemas que a equipe tem enfrentado. Desta forma, seguindo os preceitos da Estratégia em Saúde da Família que visam reorientação do modelo assistencial através da promoção da saúde, do cuidar e da prevenção de doenças, com o foco não somente na patologia, mas no indivíduo como um todo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar ações para melhorar a adesão dos usuários ao tratamento preconizado pela Equipe Seis do Centro de Saúde Independência. Portanto, foi adotado como metodologia, discussões entre os membros da equipe, revisão de literatura e orientações práticas a serem usadas na intervenção considerando as características da população adstrita no território de abrangêngia da Equipe.

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The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.

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The behaviour of Nafion® polymeric membranes containing acid-base dyes, bromothymol blue (BB) and methyl violet (MV), were studied aiming at constructing an optical sensor for pH measurement. BB revealed to be inadequate for developing sensing phases due to the electrostatic repulsion between negative groups of their molecules and the negative charge of the sulfonate group of the Nafion®, which causes leaching of the dye from the membrane. On the other hand, MV showed to be suitable due to the presence of positive groups in its structure. The membrane prepared from a methanolic solution whose Nafion®/dye molar ratio was 20 presented the best analytical properties, changing its color from green to violet in the pH range from 0.6 to 3.0. The membrane can be prepared with good reproducibility, presenting durability of ca. 6 months and response time of 22 s, making possible its use for pH determination in flow analysis systems.

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This paper presents an easy and practical procedure to obtain silica-based C-8 type sorbents for use in solid-phase extraction. The materials are prepared by depositing poly(methyloctylsiloxane), PMOS, on the silica support. Two different treatments for immobilization were used: thermal treatment or gamma irradiation. Suitable recoveries were obtained after pre-concentration of dilute solutions, at the ng/L level, of a mixture of pesticides, indicating the good performance of the materials.

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High-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) is a technique that presents a series of advantages in liquid phase separations, such as: reduced analysis time, reduced pressure drop, reduced asymmetry factors, modified retentions, controlled selectivities, better efficiencies and improved detectivities, as well as permitting green chromatography. The practical limitations that relate to instrumentation and to stationary phase instability are being resolved and this technique is now ready to be applied for routine determinations.

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In this work, the volatile chromatographic profiles of roasted Arabica coffees, previously analyzed for their sensorial attributes, were explored by principal component analysis. The volatile extraction technique used was the solid phase microextraction. The correlation optimized warping algorithm was used to align the gas chromatographic profiles. Fifty four compounds were found to be related to the sensorial attributes investigated. The volatiles pyrrole, 1-methyl-pyrrole, cyclopentanone, dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanone, furfural, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, 2-etenyl-n-methyl-pyrazine, 5-methyl-2-propionyl-furan compounds were important for the differentiation of coffee beverage according to the flavour, cleanliness and overall quality. Two figures of merit, sensitivity and specificity (or selectivity), were used to interpret the sensory attributes studied.

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The gravimetric and electrochemical tests are the most common techniques used in determining the corrosion rate. However, the use of electrochemical polarization is limited to electrolytes with sufficient conductivity for which Tafel curves are linear. In this study, we investigated a technique in which working microelectrodes of AISI 1020 steel were used to obtain the Tafel curves in diesel oil. The strategy was to reduce the electrode area and hence the ohmic drop. The diameter of the microelectrode was reduced to a value where the compensation of the Tafel curves became unnecessary. The results showed that for electrodes with diameters below 50 μm, the ohmic drop tends to a minimum and independent of the microelectrode diameter.

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Nowadays the consumer market demands a gradually increase in the products' quality control. The manual control that exits, used in animal production, shows ineficiency in warrating an increasing percentual of the desirable quality, so this can only be reached when an effective animal tracebility system is applied, from birth to slaughter. Individual electronic identification presents high importance in this focus, providing information recorded directly from the animal. Electronic traceability uses electronic devices that emit a signal activated by a fixed reader placed where it is needed to record a certain event, or uses a manual reader which allows a higher independence of the operator. Knowing the importance of the electronic identification as a tool for applying traceability in animal production, this research had as objective to evaluate the use of transponders in order to garantee the manual reading as well as the fixed antenna reading. The following implant places were analized in piglet, just after their birth: 1) forehead, 2) external ear lobule, 3) the posterior auricular base, and 4) a transponder inserted in a earing implanted in the ear lobule. The factors of skin damage and migration were analized, as well as the reading efficiency. It was found that the best implant place was the posterior ear base.

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Animal welfare has been an important research topic in animal production mainly in its ways of assessment. Vocalization is found to be an interesting tool for evaluating welfare as it provides data in a non-invasive way as well as it allows easy automation of process. The present research had as objective the implementation of an algorithm based on artificial neural network that had the potential of identifying vocalization related to welfare pattern indicatives. The research was done in two parts, the first was the development of the algorithm, and the second its validation with data from the field. Previous records allowed the development of the algorithm from behaviors observed in sows housed in farrowing cages. Matlab® software was used for implementing the network. It was selected a retropropagation gradient algorithm for training the network with the following stop criteria: maximum of 5,000 interactions or error quadratic addition smaller than 0.1. Validation was done with sows and piglets housed in commercial farm. Among the usual behaviors the ones that deserved enhancement were: the feed dispute at farrowing and the eventual risk of involuntary aggression between the piglets or between those and the sow. The algorithm was able to identify through the noise intensity the inherent risk situation of piglets welfare reduction.

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The exchange of a prescribed drug by other similar, by generic products and even by custom products has become common practice in our country, often ignoring basic tenets of bioequivalence, interchangeability, stability and characteristics of the pharmaceutical compounds. In the case of drugs of narrow therapeutic index, such as levothyroxine, these problems are intensified, putting the effectiveness of treatment and patient health at serious risk. We review the pertinent legislation, emphasizing the characteristics of levothyroxine and adverse effects that limit the interchangeability of the compound.

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Purpose: To analyze the efficacy and safety of intraope-rative mitomycin C (MMC) in combined procedures (extra-capsular cataract extraction + trabeculectomy). Methods: Twenty-four patients were randomized to either MMC (0.5 mg/ml) (n = 14) or saline solution (n = 10) for 3 minutes during the combined procedure. Results: Twelve months after surgery, mean IOP in the MMC group (13.2 ± 2.9 mmHg) was significantly lower than in the control group (16.3 ± 3.9 mmHg) (p = 0.02). The mean number of medications used during the 12-month follow-up in the control group (1.33 ± 0.5) was significantly higher than in the MMC-treated group (0.5 ± 0.5) (p = 0.005). Life table analysis showed a significantly higher probability of IOP control in the MMC group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Intraoperative MMC is safe and effective in pro-moting a better IOP control and reducing the need for postoperative antiglaucoma medications. We suggest intraope-rative MMC to be routinely employed in combined procedures.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física