Children's lives, children's futures: A study of children starting secondary school

This title presents a fascinating analysis of how children in their first year of high school feel about their schools, its place in their lives and its role in their futures. This highly topical monograph focuses on how children in their first year of high school feel about school, its place in their lives and its role in their futures. The theoretical context of the study is the focus in educational studies on children's voice and children's active role in education, together with the focus in the sociology of childhood on children as active constructors of their lives and childhood as a subject of serious study. The importance of young people's life plans and the alignment between education and ambitions was recognized in the Sloan Foundation study of American teenagers. In many Western societies there is concern that children from less advantaged social backgrounds have limited aspirations, and are disproportionately unlikely to go to university. This book is highly relevant to understanding the nature of children's engagement with education, the choices and constraints they experience and the reasons some young people fail to take advantage of educational opportunities. "Continuum Studies in Educational Research" (CSER) is a major new series in the field of educational research. Written by experts and scholars for experts and scholars, this ground-breaking series focuses on research in the areas of comparative education, history, lifelong learning, philosophy, policy, post-compulsory education, psychology and sociology. Based on cutting edge research and written with lucidity and passion, the CSER series showcases only those books that really matter in education - studies that are major, that will be remembered for having made a difference.

Laughter in the Dark: ethical aspects of drama education

This chapter considers two questions. Firstly, in what ways might drama be an effective medium through which to explore difficult and sensitive issues that concern teenagers? And secondly, what ethical questions surround the use of drama to explore such issues? A practical workshop on teenage suicide is used as a platform for a discussion on the use and implications of different drama strategies and the role of humour as a critical lens and distancing device. The work of actual teenagers is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the techniques in both raising awareness and facilitating both critical and creative responses to the delicate issue explored in the workshop.

Bringing poetry alive: a guide to classroom practice

This edited collection provides ideas and support for ways of 'bringing poetry alive' in the classroom at Key Stages 1,2 and 3, drawing on what is known to work and also exploring fresh thinking. It is designed to help both new and experienced teachers approach poetry teaching with greater imagination and confidence. The book is edited and introduced by Michael Lockwood and features chapters by experts who have taught poetry in different settings for many years, including contributions from poets Michael Rosen and James Carter. Professor Morag Styles of Cambridge University has provided a Preface. All the contributors have a connection with the University of Reading as lecturers, external examiners, current or former graduate students. The book includes the following sections: Introduction: Developments in Poetry Teaching 1: Reflections on Being Children’s Laureate – Michael Rosen 2: Teaching Poetry in the Early Years - Margaret Perkins 3: Actual Poems, Possible Responses - Prue Goodwin 4: Making Poetry - Catriona Nicholson 5: The role of the poet in primary schools -James Carter 6: Cross-Curricular Poetry Writing - Eileen Hyder 7: Teaching Poetry to Teenagers - Lionel Warner 8: Watching the Words: Drama and Poems - Andy Kempe 9: Literary Reading - Andy Goodwyn The book is intended for teacher educators,teachers and trainee teachers working with children aged 5 to 14 years.

Sodomy laws and gender variance in Tahiti and Hawai‘i

In both Hawaiian and Tahitian, the central meaning of mahu denotes gender-variant individuals, particularly male-bodied persons who have a significant investment in femininity. However, in Hawai‘i, unlike Tahiti, the word mahu is now more commonly used as an insult against gay or transgender people. The negative connotation of the term in Hawaiian indexes lower levels of social acceptability for mahu identity on O‘ahu (Hawai‘i’s most populous island) as compared to Tahiti. The article argues that these differences are partly due to a historical legacy of sexually repressive laws. The article traces the history of sodomy laws in these two Polynesian societies and argues that this history supports the hypothesis that sodomy laws (in conjunction with such social processes as urbanisation and Christianisation) are partially to blame for the diminished social status of mahu on O‘ahu. A different social and legal history in Tahiti accounts for the fact that the loss of social status experienced by Tahitian mahu has been lesser than that of their Hawaiian counterparts.

Writing in a non-standard Greek variety: Romanized Cypriot Greek in online chat

Cypriot Greek, a variety of Greek spoken in the island of Cyprus, is relatively distinct from Standard Greek in all linguistic domains. The regional variety does not have a standard, official orthography and it is rarely used for everyday written purposes. Following technological development and the emergence of Computer-mediated Communication, a Romanized version of written CG is now widely used in online text-based communication, among teenagers and young adults (Themistocleous, C. (2008), The use of Cypriot-Greek in synchronous computer-mediated communication (PhD thesis), University of Manchester). In this study, I present the innovative ways that Greek-Cypriots use Roman characters in an effort to represent features of their spoken language in their online writings. By analysing data obtained from channel #Cyprus of Internet Relay Chat, I demonstrate how the choice of writing in CG affects the ways that Roman characters are used. I argue that this practice is not just a response to technological constrains but it actually has a wider social significance.

Travail des enfants et droit à l’éducation au Burkina Faso: L’exemple de la carrière de Pissy

Cet article décrit et analyse le travail des enfants dans une carrière de granit d’un quartier de la ville de Ouagadougou, interroge le rapport entre l’école et le travail du point de vue des acteurs du site pour apprécier l’argument de la scolarisation comme solution alternative au travail des enfants. Les données proviennent d’une enquête réalisée dans le cadre de notre recherche doctorale au Burkina Faso, de février à avril 2009, dont la carrière de Pissy a été un des terrains d’enquête1. Les enquêtés sont constitués de parents et de leurs enfants âgés de moins de 16 ans ayant des trajectoires différentes : non scolarisés,scolarisés, déscolarisés et à la fois écoliers et travailleurs. Les personnes ont été choisies aléatoirement selon leur accord et disponibilité, en variant leur emplacement. L’approche choisie privilégie le point de vue des différents acteurs du site,l’analyse de leurs discours et l’observation de leurs pratiques de travail. La prise en compte du point de vue des enfants s’appuie sur la perspective théorique développée par James & Prout (1997), où les enfants sont des acteurs compétents dans la sphère du travail et de la vie sociale. L’article présente d’abord le processus d’institutionnalisation de l’école et la situation du travail des enfants au Burkina Faso, puis décrit les logiques autour du travail des enfants dans la carrière en montrant que celui-ci n’est pas seulement lié à la nécessité économique. Enfin, il confronte les alternatives au travaildes enfants invoquées par les enfants et leurs parents aux solutions d’éducation proposées par l’état et la société civile. This article is about a particular case of children in working situation: children crushing the granite in the quarry of Pissy. Their working conditions are considered as dangerous by national and international legal texts. This article aims to grasp the experience of children who work in this frame in order to test the hypothesis according to which schooling would be an effective tool of struggle against child labour. The fieldwork reveals that child labour in the quarry is not only guided by economic aspects. The wish of the parents (and of some children and teenagers) to find another job for working children reopen the debate on “the right to work” for children.

Can Children Distinguish Between Thoughts and Behaviours?

Abstract. The extent to which cognitive behaviour therapy can be used with children is unclear. In meta analyses older children and teenagers seem to derive greater benefit than young children. This may be because the cognitive immaturity of young children means that they cannot manage the cognitive demands of cognitive behaviour therapy. This paper seeks to establish how well children aged 7–8 and aged 10–11 can complete a task requiring them to distinguish between thoughts and behaviours (based on Greenberger & Padesky, 1995). Half of the children were provided with a visual cue and half were not. The effects of age, the visual cue, and verbal IQ on performance were examined. Seventy-two children were randomized to the cue and no-cue condition and individually tested during school time. Both age groups performed well and there was a significant difference between older and younger children, with the older children performing better. Visual cues did not aid performance. Verbal IQ was significantly associated with performance in the younger but not the older children. The implications of these results for the delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy with children and future research are discussed. Keywords: Children, thoughts, behaviours, cognitive, development

Children’s literature: sexual identity, gender and childhood

On the twenty-third of May 2015, Ireland became the first country to legalise same-sex marriage by popular vote. This event reversed a large part, if not all, of Ireland’s reputation for a Catholic-led conservatism concerning sexual and gender identities. I argue in this article that we can see a parallel-in-miniature to this momentous shift in something of a reversal of children’s literature’s views in this respect too, and I will concentrate on exploring what is at stake in the ways that childhood, sexual and gender identities are constructed in some recent children’s literature criticism in the light of these shifts. My interest is to consider: what is the ever-burgeoning interest in the gay, queer, cross-dressing, transsexual or transgender child precisely about? I ask this question on the grounds of not assuming that this interest in these identities arises necessarily simply out of a self-evident, progressive, liberatory impulse, and, alongside this, I also do not assume that ‘identities’ are essential, self-organised traits awaiting revelation and liberation.

Varför ska man dölja det? : -en kvalitativ studie av identitet i förhållande till läs-och skrivsvårigheter

In schools today, we expect student performances and achievements to be exceptional. Having good reading and writing skills are essential if students want to excel at their school assignments. Students with reading and writing difficulties have to work much harder than their other classmates. Their having to work harder coupled with being teenagers and facing all the uncertainties which are present at that age, these students face the difficult task of trying to find out who they are and who they want to be. In other words, they try to create their own individual identities. This study investigates the experiences of students with reading and writing difficulties in their interactions with other students and school personnel, in different situations. The collection of data has been done through group interviews. Thirteen, 15 year old students participated in these interviews. Some of the factors which characterise a hermeneutic approach have helped to form the basis on which the study lies. A hermeneutic approach suggests that the data collected is sorted and analysed to enable the identification of differences and patterns. These patterns are arranged to give results that are subjective and which also show an interpretation of the data collected. The results show that students are more comfortable with their identities, when they are diagnosed or made aware that their performances in school are directly affected by their reading and writing difficulties. The study also shows that having reading and writing difficulties tells the students who they are but, at the same time, plays an important role in their interactions with other classmates and adults. The outcomes of these interactions greatly affect the formation of their identities. The way in which school personnel treat students is also shown to be of great importance.

Point of View: The Lesson of David Kato

Gay activist from Uganda had applied for an Oak Fellowship at Colby; his murder should serve as a warning of the sometimes dangerous power of Americans abroad. Ellen Morris ’11 on “knowing” slain gay-rights activist David Kato.

O teste do hidrogênio expirado no diagnóstico da má absorção de doses fisiológicas de lactose em alunos de escolas públicas de Porto Alegre

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de má absorção de lactose e sua associação com a cor da pele e a idade em crianças e adolescentes de escolas públicas do município de Porto Alegre. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal que incluiu 225 indivíduos de 8 a 18 anos, freqüentadores de escolas públicas do município de Porto Alegre. Os participantes foram classificados segundo a cor e a faixa etária. A má absorção de lactose foi diagnosticada através do teste do hidrogênio expirado após ingestão de 250 ml de leite. O teste teve duração de 3 horas e foi considerado como critério de positividade o aumento ≥ 20 partes por milhão na concentração de hidrogênio em relação ao nível basal. Resultados: Foram estudados 225 alunos, com uma média e desvio padrão de idade de 12,2 ± 2,0 anos. Cento e cinqüenta e quatro alunos eram de cor branca (68,4%) e os restantes, de cor não-branca (preta ou parda). A má absorção de lactose foi evidenciada em 19/225 casos (8,4%). Foram diagnosticados 8/154 casos (5,2%) nos alunos de cor branca e 11/71 casos (15,5%) nos alunos de cor não-branca (p = 0,02). Em relação à faixa etária, ocorreram 15/143 casos (10,5%) nos alunos entre 8 e 12 anos e 4/82 casos (4,9%) entre 13 e 18 anos (p = 0,227). Conclusões: A prevalência de má absorção de lactose encontrada em alunos de escolas pú-blicas de Porto Alegre é alta, especialmente se considerarmos que foram utilizadas doses fi-siológicas (250 ml de leite) para o diagnóstico. As taxas de má absorção foram maiores entre as crianças de cor não-branca em relação às crianças de cor branca, confirmando a influência racial na hipolactasia primária do tipo adulto.

Property rights as a public policy tool: an empirical analysis of the social and economic effects

Secure property rights are considered a key determinant of economic development. However, the evaluation of the causal effects of land titling is a difficult task. The Brazilian government through a program called "Papel Passado" has issued titles, since 2004, to over 85,000 families and has the goal to reach 750,000. Furthermore, another topic in Public Policy that is crucial to developing economies is income generation and child labor force participation. Particularly, in Brazil, about 5.4 million children and teenagers between 5 and 17 years old are still working. This thesis examines the direct impact of securing a property title on income and child labor force participation. In order to isolate the causal role of ownership security, this study uses a comparison between two close and very similar communities in the City of Osasco case (a town with 650,000 people in the São Paulo metropolitan area). One of them, Jardim Canaã, was fortunated to receive the titles in 2007, the other, Jardim DR, given fiscal constraints, only will be part of the program schedule in 2012, and for that reason became the control group. Also, this thesis also aims to test if there is any relationship between land title and happiness. The estimates suggest that titling results in a substantial decrease of child labor force participation, increase of income and happiness for the families that received the title compared to the others.

Estudo do "menor carente" na perspectiva da política da Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor (FUNABEM)

Essa dissertação apresenta uma pesquisa da política pedagógica dirigida para o "menor desassistido", desenvolvida numa unidade oficial - o Centro de Reeducação Feminino (CRF) - integrante do Sistema Nacional de Atendi mento ao Menor, através do órgão estadual correspondente: Instituto Espírito-Santense do Bem-Estar do Menor(~}. Este Centro abriga menores do sexo feminino na faixa etária dos 13 aos 18 anos incompletos, alí internas, segundo proposta oficial, por apresentarem conduta anti-social acentuada. O presente trabalho estendeu-se de maio de 1980 a novembro de 1981 e, durante esse tempo, foi-nos possivel a coleta dos dados necessários através de: leitura e análise dos textos oficiais, entrevistas a que foram submetidos todos os membros da Unidade (menores e agentes institucionais, das observações e participações nas ativi dades diárias). Através dos dados coletados houve a intenção de constatar: a} se a "pedagogia prometida" é a praticada a nível de umà unidade oficial do Sistema FUNABEM - Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor - de atendimento; b) se aquela "prática pedagógica" concorre para o "reeducar e "ressocializar termos que expressam os objetivos mais amplos da proposta nacional. A julgar pelo que constatamos, no CRF, o processo de insti tucionalização é impotente· para resolver, de forma reeducativa, um problema de tamanho peso social, qual seja o da menor carente ou infratora. A infração cometida ou a conduta anti-social apresentada são o resultado ou estratégias de sobrevivência encontradas pela menor para si própria e para o seu grupo social, do qual é um participante ativo. o "reeducar" e o "ressocializar" por melhores que sejam, como propostas, camuflam uma tentativa do sistema sócio-econômico-político, em manter defendidos os in teresses dominantes da sociedade. Através do "reeducar", "ressocializar", esta sociedade espera poder conviver com menores refeitas e como diz Foucault "dóceis" e "úteis" assim que ela as deseja.

Fragmentos da desinformação e do abandono: vivendo e refletindo sobre uma experiência de educação sexual com meninas na rua

Trata de uma experiência de Educação Sexual com meninas na rua, no Mercado do Ver o Peso e na Feira do Açaí, (Belém-Pará). Esta se concretizou em uma pesquisa-ação, tendo a metodologia da práxis, como estratégia utilizada tanto para a coleta de dados, como para o repasse de informações sobre o exercício da sexualidade, contracepção e prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis/ AIDS. Analisa ainda, de forma suscinta, as formas de agrupamento, estratégias de sobrevivência, vínculos familiares, a ritualização da sexualidade neste universo, assinalando as práticas sexuais e seus significados. Reconstituindo, a partir da fala das meninas, ainda que de forma fragmentada, a situação da prostituição infanto-juvenil e sua rede de sustentação. Propõe uma forma de intervenção na realidade, partindo da Educação Sexual na rua.