999 resultados para Transferência radiativa
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Desde os tempos mais remotos, a agricultura se faz presente na história da humanidade. Formalmente, no Brasil, esta atividade teve início durante a colonização por Portugal, no final do século XV, e exerce importante papel no desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro até os dias atuais. Em termos econômicos, em particular neste setor, a Agricultura Familiar destaca-se pela produção de alimentos e geração de empregos. Apesar disto, esta modalidade passou a integrar as políticas públicas agrícolas apenas em meados dos anos 1990, com o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf). Com a estruturação deste programa, diversas instituições que desenvolvem pesquisas agrícolas foram estimuladas a criar soluções tecnológicas, objetivando melhorias dos processos produtivos na agricultura de base familiar. Percebe-se, entretanto, dificuldades para que as tecnologias geradas nessas instituições cheguem aos agricultores familiares e possam ser plenamente utilizadas. Conjectura-se que uma das possíveis causas está relacionada à comunicação, em especial, à forma e o conteúdo das informações produzidas e disseminadas pelas instituições de pesquisas. Assim, tendo em vista que os serviços de informação são meios auxiliares do processo de comunicação da informação, na medida em que seu objetivo maior é manter um acervo dos documentos, onde estão registrados os conhecimentos gerados no desenvolvimento de atividades de pesquisa associadas à agricultura, para acesso daqueles a quem esse conhecimento possa interessar e/ou ser necessário, este trabalho teve como objetivo sistematizar um conjunto de elementos necessários à criação e manutenção de um serviço de informação, destinado a viabilizar a transferência/comunicação da informação tecnológica, no contexto da Agricultura Familiar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, onde buscou-se explicação dentro do contexto histórico, com vistas a situar a Agricultura Familiar brasileira. A partir desta explicação e utilizando-se referenciais da Ciência da Informação, estudou-se Informação Tecnológica, Mediação da Informação, Transferência de Tecnologias e Serviços de Informação Especializados. Como resultado, foi proposto um modelo conceitual de Serviço de Informação Tecnológica, que integra todos os atores do processo de Transferência de Tecnologias, situando o serviço como um meio estratégico para a Gestão da Pesquisa Agropecuária. Apresenta, ainda como resultados, a síntese dessa proposta conceitual, a qual é composta por um conjunto de oito elementos para a estruturação do Serviço de Informação Tecnológica.
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Este artigo tece um arcabouço conceitual para ancorar as ações estratégicas de TT a serem implementadas na Empresa por meio da educação a distância (EaD), visando ampliar a aproximação da Embrapa com a sociedade.
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Este trabalho objetivou relatar que, possivelmente, o uso da comunicação rural e de práticas de comunicação comunitária adequadas à realidade local, pelos técnicos de assistência técnica/Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário e Sustentável do Estado do Amazonas (Idam), foi determinante para a adoção da bananicultura (cultivar Thap Maeo, resistente à sigatoka-negra e mais produtiva) como alternativa econômica ao produtor rural assentado no Ramal ZF-9, Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa, Rio Preto da Eva, no Estado do Amazonas, em substituição à prática insustentável de produção de carvão. Os relatos citados são frutos de observações ex post facto, registradas durante as avaliações de impacto econômico, social e ambiental da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), realizadas nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. A metodologia foi exploratória, realizada por meio de entrevistas e aplicação de questionário. Com os dados obtidos foi possível concluir que estabelecer parâmetros dialógicos e utilizar instrumentos de comunicação adequados à estrutura psicossocial, tecnológica e à vivência da comunidade facilita e oportuniza a adoção de tecnologias recomendadas pela pesquisa.
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2016
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2016
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O vídeo foi produzido para o curso "Atenção e cuidado da saúde bucal da pessoa com deficiência". Orienta a transferência de paciente adulto para a cadeira odontológica.
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O vídeo foi produzido para o curso "Atenção e cuidado da saúde bucal da pessoa com deficiência". Demonstra a transferência de paciente infantil com paralisia cerebral para a cadeira odontológica.
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Apresenta condições gerais em que os recursos dos blocos de financiamento podem ser transferidos para arcar com outras despesas descritas nos planos municipais de saúde. Material produzido para utilização no curso Responsabilidades gestoras no último ano de mandato, ofertado pela Universidade Aberta do SUS (UNA-SUS).
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Sugarcane holds an important place in the Brazilian economy. Grate part of the sugarcane harvested still accomplished largely manually. Sugarcane harvesters available in Brazil use the technology to chop the cane into 200 to 300 mm billets to allow on the go cane transferring to transport, contradicting the traditional method of whole stalk sugarcane harvesting system. In order to make whole stalk mechanical harvesting system possible, one of the barriers to be expired is the mechanical removal of the straw. The design of a mechanism that accomplishes this operation depends directly on the knowledge of the mechanical properties of the sugarcane related to its resistance to compression and the forces necessary to remove the leaves from the stalk. Compression tests were conducted using the universal testing machine. For leaves removal test by friction, a special apparatus was designed to allow the registration of the normal and traction force. The sugarcane stalk can resist up to 4.9 MPa. With a normal pressure of 0.8 MPa, which correspond to a friction force of 315 N, it is possible to remove the leaves, independent of its location in the sugarcane stalk.
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The post harvest cooling and/or freezing processes for horticultural products have been carried out with the objective of removing the heat from these products, allowing them a bigger period of conservation. Therefore, the knowledge of the physical properties that involve heat transference in the fig fruit Roxo de Valinhos is useful for calculating projects and systems of food engineering in general, as well as, for using in equations of thermodynamic mathematical models. The values of conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the whole fig fruit-rami index were determined, and from these values it was determined the value of the specific heat. For these determination it was used the transient method of the Line Heat Source. The results shown that the fig fruit has a thermal conductivity of 0.52 W m-1°C, thermal diffusivity of 1.56 x 10-7 m² s-1, pulp density of 815.6 kg m-3 and specific heat of 4.07 kJ kg-1 °C.
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This work approaches the forced air cooling of strawberry by numerical simulation. The mathematical model that was used describes the process of heat transfer, based on the Fourier's law, in spherical coordinates and simplified to describe the one-dimensional process. For the resolution of the equation expressed for the mathematical model, an algorithm was developed based on the explicit scheme of the numerical method of the finite differences and implemented in the scientific computation program MATLAB 6.1. The validation of the mathematical model was made by the comparison between theoretical and experimental data, where strawberries had been cooled with forced air. The results showed to be possible the determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient by fitting the numerical and experimental data. The methodology of the numerical simulations was showed like a promising tool in the support of the decision to use or to develop equipment in the area of cooling process with forced air of spherical fruits.
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Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2). Tests carried out under laboratory conditions showed that padded surfaces reduced up to 31% impact damage. Incidence of severe internal physical damage was evaluated by a subjective scale and increased by 79% on hard surfaces for the highest fall drop. On the other hand, it was observed an effective reduction in physical damage on fruits when padded surfaces were used. When a 10-cm drop was performed, the maximum reduction measured was 10% for hard surfaces and 5% for previously padded surfaces. For quality parameters, it was observed for high drops on hard surfaces, highest values for weight loss, total acidity, lower values for vitamin C and Soluble Solids.
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Excessive and inadequate handling of fruits and vegetables provides high incidences of physical damage, consequently, post harvest losses. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the impact magnitude in persimmon packing lines, Rama Forte, and to determine, at the laboratory, its impact limits. For evaluating the critical points it was used an instrumented sphere of 76 mm of diameter (Technmark, Inc, Lansing, USA), which registered the impact magnitude in seven distinctive impact lines located in four packing houses. For determining physical damages, tests were carried out at the laboratory, where fruit drop was related to impact magnitude, physical damage incidence and fruit post harvest losses. At the packing lines, the values found varied from 21 to 87 G on the transfer points and the majority of registered impacts (over 94%) were down 50G. Drops from 20 cm caused an increase in weight losses after six days of storage at room temperature. Drops from 20 and 30 cm caused skin darkness (low L values), associated to a decrease in color intensity (chroma). Impact drop did not affect pulp fruit chemical features.
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This article analyzes food insecurity and hunger in Brazilian families with children under five years of age. This was a nationally representative cross-sectional study using data from the National Demographic and Health Survey on Women and Children (PNDS-2006), in which the outcome variable was moderate to severe food insecurity, measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios were generated with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed a high prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity, concentrated in the North and Northeast regions (30.7%), in economic classes D and E (34%), and in beneficiaries of conditional cash transfer programs (36.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the socioeconomic relative risks (beneficiaries of conditional cash transfers), regional relative risks (North and Northeast regions), and economic relative risks (classes D and E) were 1.8, 2.0 and 2.4, respectively. Aggregation of the three risks showed 48% of families with moderate to severe food insecurity, meaning that adults and children were going hungry during the three months preceding the survey.
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Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L-1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L-1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L-1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L-1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L-1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L-1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purposes.