Sacrificio y sociabilidad en el entrenamiento de nadadores master

El presente artículo analiza la manera en que la participación en los entrenamientos de un conjunto de nadadores master (adultos) expresa tanto una disposición hacia la actividad corporal como hacia la sociabilidad con los pares. Asimismo, se muestra el modo en que tiene lugar el proceso de aprendizaje de una técnica corporal de una manera práctica y colectiva durante el entrenamiento y los sentidos específicos que adquieren las nociones de sufrimiento y sacrificio en dicho proceso. Para ello se utiliza una estrategia de abordaje empírico basado en técnicas cualitativas de producción y análisis de datos, realizando entrevistas y a la vez trabajo de campo etnográfico

Las formas sociales de producción familiar : Un análisis de su construcción a partir de los modelos de clasificación para el caso pampeano. Rojas 2002

En este artículo proponemos un abordaje de las formas sociales de producción familiar, articulando la reflexión teórica sobre las dimensiones de interés que comprenden su definición y la propuesta de identificación de distintos subtipos agrarios, dentro de la categoría de explotación familiar. Asimismo revisamos una serie de factores que suelen considerarse al momento de explicar y/o definir el carácter familiar de las unidades productivas familiares, para luego avanzar a través de un ejercicio de estimación de la importancia de los distintos subtipos familiares.A partir de este ejercicio, buscaremos acercarnos al debate sobre los obstáculos al desarrollo del capitalismo en el agro a la luz de los datos obtenidos. El artículo se basa en el reprocesamiento de los datos censales originales del Censo Agropecuario Nacional del año 2002, tomando como caso de aplicación el partido bonaerense de Rojas.

Conflicto en el Territorio Nacional del Chaco : Las Cooperativas agrícolas frente al Estatuto del Peón Rural

La llegada a la presidencia de Juan Perón en 1946, significó para el agro argentino la continuidad de algunas políticas desarrolladas antes de la Revolución de 1943 y profundizadas por ésta. A esas decisiones de carácter productivo y de comercialización se sumaron aquellas orientadas a la mejora de la clase trabajadora rural, sector descuidado hasta el momento. La aplicación del Estatuto del Peón Rural (1947) en un territorio de frontera productiva y ocupacional como el Chaco, en un contexto local desfavorable, despertó uno de los más agitados enfrentamientos entre las entidades Cooperativas agrícolas-en representación de sus asociados- y la Administración local encargada de su aplicación. Es objetivo de este trabajo estudiar, desde la documentación que produjeron las cooperativas y los medios gráficos locales, el conflicto que se despertó en el Chaco al momento de implementarse el Estatuto del Peón

Sacrificio y sociabilidad en el entrenamiento de nadadores master

El presente artículo analiza la manera en que la participación en los entrenamientos de un conjunto de nadadores master (adultos) expresa tanto una disposición hacia la actividad corporal como hacia la sociabilidad con los pares. Asimismo, se muestra el modo en que tiene lugar el proceso de aprendizaje de una técnica corporal de una manera práctica y colectiva durante el entrenamiento y los sentidos específicos que adquieren las nociones de sufrimiento y sacrificio en dicho proceso. Para ello se utiliza una estrategia de abordaje empírico basado en técnicas cualitativas de producción y análisis de datos, realizando entrevistas y a la vez trabajo de campo etnográfico

Las formas sociales de producción familiar : Un análisis de su construcción a partir de los modelos de clasificación para el caso pampeano. Rojas 2002

En este artículo proponemos un abordaje de las formas sociales de producción familiar, articulando la reflexión teórica sobre las dimensiones de interés que comprenden su definición y la propuesta de identificación de distintos subtipos agrarios, dentro de la categoría de explotación familiar. Asimismo revisamos una serie de factores que suelen considerarse al momento de explicar y/o definir el carácter familiar de las unidades productivas familiares, para luego avanzar a través de un ejercicio de estimación de la importancia de los distintos subtipos familiares.A partir de este ejercicio, buscaremos acercarnos al debate sobre los obstáculos al desarrollo del capitalismo en el agro a la luz de los datos obtenidos. El artículo se basa en el reprocesamiento de los datos censales originales del Censo Agropecuario Nacional del año 2002, tomando como caso de aplicación el partido bonaerense de Rojas.

Sacrificio y sociabilidad en el entrenamiento de nadadores master

El presente artículo analiza la manera en que la participación en los entrenamientos de un conjunto de nadadores master (adultos) expresa tanto una disposición hacia la actividad corporal como hacia la sociabilidad con los pares. Asimismo, se muestra el modo en que tiene lugar el proceso de aprendizaje de una técnica corporal de una manera práctica y colectiva durante el entrenamiento y los sentidos específicos que adquieren las nociones de sufrimiento y sacrificio en dicho proceso. Para ello se utiliza una estrategia de abordaje empírico basado en técnicas cualitativas de producción y análisis de datos, realizando entrevistas y a la vez trabajo de campo etnográfico

Conflicto en el Territorio Nacional del Chaco : Las Cooperativas agrícolas frente al Estatuto del Peón Rural

La llegada a la presidencia de Juan Perón en 1946, significó para el agro argentino la continuidad de algunas políticas desarrolladas antes de la Revolución de 1943 y profundizadas por ésta. A esas decisiones de carácter productivo y de comercialización se sumaron aquellas orientadas a la mejora de la clase trabajadora rural, sector descuidado hasta el momento. La aplicación del Estatuto del Peón Rural (1947) en un territorio de frontera productiva y ocupacional como el Chaco, en un contexto local desfavorable, despertó uno de los más agitados enfrentamientos entre las entidades Cooperativas agrícolas-en representación de sus asociados- y la Administración local encargada de su aplicación. Es objetivo de este trabajo estudiar, desde la documentación que produjeron las cooperativas y los medios gráficos locales, el conflicto que se despertó en el Chaco al momento de implementarse el Estatuto del Peón

Water chemistry, and pigments and geochemistry of sediments from northern Victoria Land lakes

Total concentrations of algal pigments, organic C, C, N, P and S were determined in surface sediments from the littoral zone of 21 lakes in ice-free areas of northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) with different climatic and environmental conditions. Concentrations of major ions and nutrients were also determined in water samples from the same lakes. The latter samples had extremely variable chemical compositions; however, all the lakes resulted oligotrophic. Pigment concentrations in surface sediments were comparable to those reported for other Antarctic lakes and lower than those in oligotrophic lakes at lower latitudes. Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were the main taxa identified. These taxa correspond to those reported in previous microscopy-based studies on Antarctic phytoplankton and phytobenthos. Discriminant Function Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis of data indicate that the distribution of pigments in these Victoria Land lakes depends mainly on their geographical location (particularly the distance from the sea) and nutrient status.

Geographical variation in shell morphology of juvenile snails (Concholepas concholepas) along the physical-chemical gradient of the Chilean coast

Changes in phenotypic traits, such as mollusc shells, are indicative of variations in selective pressure along environmental gradients. Recently, increased sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean acidification (OA) due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the seawater have been described as selective agents that may affect the biological processes underlying shell formation in calcifying marine organisms. The benthic snail Concholepas concholepas (Muricidae) is widely distributed along the Chilean coast, and so is naturally exposed to a strong physical-chemical latitudinal gradient. In this study, based on elliptical Fourier analysis, we assess changes in shell morphology (outlines analysis) in juvenile C. concholepas collected at northern (23°S), central (33°S) and southern (39°S) locations off the Chilean coast. Shell morphology of individuals collected in northern and central regions correspond to extreme morphotypes, which is in agreement with both the observed regional differences in the shell apex outlines, the high reclassification success of individuals (discriminant function analysis) collected in these regions, and the scaling relationship in shell weight variability among regions. However, these extreme morphotypes showed similar patterns of mineralization of calcium carbonate forms (calcite and aragonite). Geographical variability in shell shape of C. concholepas described by discriminant functions was partially explained by environmental variables (pCO2, SST). This suggests the influence of corrosive waters, such as upwelling and freshwaters penetrating into the coastal ocean, upon spatial variation in shell morphology. Changes in the proportion of calcium carbonate forms precipitated by C. concholepas across their shells and its susceptibility to corrosive coastal waters are discussed.

Theory of a Flowchart Approach to Industrial Cluster Policy

A flowchart approach to industrial cluster policy emphasizes the importance ofthe ordering of policy measures. The flow of policy implementation is to establish an industrial zone, to invite an anchor company, and to promote its related companies to invest in the industrial zone. This article delineated "a flowchart approach to industrial cluster policy" by proposing sufficient conditions for forming industrial clusters typical in the manufacturing industry in Asia to enhance regional economic growth. The typical industrial cluster policy was theorized by defining an industrial zone as "quasi-public goods", and it was shown that the policy enhances economic growth under a production function of "increasing returns to scale" of an anchor company. Critical amounts of the production of "scale economies" that are used by the related companies to decide whether or not to invest in clusters were also shown.

Improved boundary elements in torsion problems

Since the epoch-making "memoir" of Saint-Venant in 1855 the torsion of prismatic and cilindrical bars has reduced to a mathematical problem: the calculation of an analytical function satisfying prescribed boundary values. For over one century, till the first applications of the F.E.M. to the problem, the only possibility of study in irregularly shaped domains was the beatiful, but limitated, theory of complex function analysis, several functional approaches and the finite difference method. Nevertheless in 1963 Jaswon published an interestingpaper which was nearly lost between the splendid F. E.M. boom. The method was extended by Rizzo to more complicated problems and definitively incorporated to the scientific community background through several lecture-notes of Cruse recently published, but widely circulated during past years. The work of several researches has shown the tremendous possibilities of the method which is today a recognized alternative to the well established F .E. procedure. In fact, the first comprehensive attempt to cover the method, has been recently published in textbook form. This paper is a contribution to the implementation of a difficulty which arises if the isoparametric elements concept is applicated to plane potential problems with sharp corners in the boundary domain. In previous works, these problems was avoided using two principal approximations: equating the fluxes round the corner or establishing a binode element (in fact, truncating the corner). The first approximation distortes heavily the solution in thecorner neighbourhood, and a great amount of element is neccesary to reduce its influence. The second is better suited but the price payed is increasing the size of the system of equations to be solved. In this paper an alternative formulation, consistent with the shape function chosen in the isoparametric representation, is presented. For ease of comprehension the formulation has been limited to the linear element. Nevertheless its extension to more refined elements is straight forward. Also a direct procedure for the assembling of the equations is presented in an attempt to reduce the in-core computer requirements.

The cysteine-rich frizzled domain of Frzb-1 is required and sufficient for modulation of Wnt signaling

Convincing evidence has accumulated to identify the Frizzled proteins as receptors for the Wnt growth factors. In parallel, a number of secreted frizzled-like proteins with a conserved N-terminal frizzled motif have been identified. One of these proteins, Frzb-1, binds Wnt-1 and Xwnt-8 proteins and antagonizes Xwnt-8 signaling in Xenopus embryos. Here we report that Frzb-1 blocks Wnt-1 induced cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, in human embryonic kidney cells. Structure/function analysis reveals that complete removal of the frizzled domain of Frzb-1 abolishes the Wnt-1/Frzb-1 protein interaction and the inhibition of Wnt-1 mediated axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. In contrast, removal of the C-terminal portion of the molecule preserves both Frzb-Wnt binding and functional inhibition of Wnt signaling. Partial deletions of the Frzb-1 cysteine-rich domain maintain Wnt-1 interaction, but functional inhibition is lost. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that the frizzled domain is necessary and sufficient for both activities. Interestingly, Frzb-1 does not block Wnt-5A signaling in a Xenopus functional assay, even though Wnt-5A coimmunoprecipitates with Frzb-1, suggesting that coimmunoprecipitation does not necessarily imply inhibition of Wnt function.

Isolated cleft palate in mice with a targeted mutation of the LIM homeobox gene Lhx8

Formation of the mammalian secondary palate is a highly regulated and complex process whose impairment often results in cleft palate, a common birth defect in both humans and animals. Loss-of-function analysis has linked a growing number of genes to this process. Here we report that Lhx8, a recently identified LIM homeobox gene, is expressed in the mesenchyme of the mouse palatal structures throughout their development. To test the function of Lhx8 in vivo, we generated a mutant mouse with a targeted deletion of the Lhx8 gene. Our analysis of the mutant animals revealed a crucial role for Lhx8 in palatogenesis. In Lhx8 homozygous mutant embryos, the bilateral primordial palatal shelves formed and elevated normally, but they often failed to make contact and to fuse properly, resulting in a cleft secondary palate. Because development of other craniofacial structures appeared normal, the impaired palatal formation in Lhx8-mutant mice was most likely caused by an intrinsic primary defect in the mesenchyme of the palatal shelves. The cleft palate phenotype observed in Lhx8-mutant mice suggests that Lhx8 is a candidate gene for the isolated nonsyndromic form of cleft palate in humans.

Rescue of abasic hammerhead ribozymes by exogenous addition of specific bases.

We have synthesized 13 hammerhead ribozyme variants, each containing an abasic residue at a specific position of the catalytic core. The activity of each of the variants is significantly reduced. In four cases, however, activity can be rescued by exogenous addition of the missing base. For one variant, the rescue is 300-fold; for another, the rescue is to the wild-type level. This latter abasic variant (G10.1X) has been characterized in detail. Activation is specific for guanine, the base initially removed. In addition, the specificity for guanine versus adenine is substantially altered by replacing C with U in the opposite strand of the ribozyme. These results show that a binding site for a small, noncharged ligand can be created in a preexisting ribozyme structure. This has implications for structure-function analysis of RNA, and leads to speculations about evolution in an "RNA world" and about the potential therapeutic use of ribozymes.

Identification of a functionally important sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of integrin beta 3 by using cell-permeable peptide analogs.

Integrins are major two-way signaling receptors responsible for the attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix and for cell-cell interactions that underlie immune responses, tumor metastasis, and progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We report the structure-function analysis of the cytoplasmic tail of integrin beta 3 (glycoprotein IIla) based on the cellular import of synthetic peptide analogs of this region. Among the four overlapping cell-permeable peptides, only the peptide carrying residues 747-762 of the carboxyl-terminal segment of integrin beta 3 inhibited adhesion of human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells and of human endothelial cells (ECV) 304 to immobilized fibrinogen mediated by integrin beta 3 heterodimers, alpha IIb beta 3, and alpha v beta 3, respectively. Inhibition of adhesion was integrin-specific because the cell-permeable beta 3 peptide (residues 747-762) did not inhibit adhesion of human fibroblasts mediated by integrin beta 1 heterodimers. Conversely, a cell-permeable peptide representing homologous portion of the integrin beta 1 cytoplasmic tail (residues 788-803) inhibited adhesion of human fibroblasts, whereas it was without effect on adhesion of HEL or ECV 304 cells. The cell-permeable integrin beta 3 peptide (residues 747-762) carrying a known loss-of-function mutation (Ser752Pro) responsible for the genetic disorder Glanzmann thrombasthenia Paris I did not inhibit cell adhesion of HEL or ECV 304 cells, whereas the beta 3 peptide carrying a Ser752Ala mutation was inhibitory. Although Ser752 is not essential, Tyr747 and Tyr759 form a functionally active tandem because conservative mutations Tyr747Phe or Tyr759Phe resulted in a nonfunctional cell permeable integrin beta 3 peptide. We propose that the carboxyl-terminal segment of the integrin beta 3 cytoplasmic tail spanning residues 747-762 constitutes a major intracellular cell adhesion regulatory domain (CARD) that modulates the interaction of integrin beta 3-expressing cells with immobilized fibrinogen. Import of cell-permeable peptides carrying this domain results in inhibition "from within" of the adhesive function of these integrins.