Ambrosii Calepini dictionarium undecim linguarum iam postremo accurata emendatione, atque infinitorum locorum augmentatione ... exornatum ... : respondent autem Latinis vocabulis Hebraica, Graeca, Gallica, Italica, Germanica, Belgica, Hispanica, Polonica, Ungarica, Anglica, Chomasticum

[Konrad Gesner]

MorphoGraphX: A platform for quantifying morphogenesis in 4D

Morphogenesis emerges from complex multiscale interactions between genetic and mechanical processes. To understand these processes, the evolution of cell shape, proliferation and gene expression must be quantified. This quantification is usually performed either in full 3D, which is computationally expensive and technically challenging, or on 2D planar projections, which introduces geometrical artifacts on highly curved organs. Here we present MorphoGraphX (www.MorphoGraphX.org), a software that bridges this gap by working directly with curved surface images extracted from 3D data. In addition to traditional 3D image analysis, we have developed algorithms to operate on curved surfaces, such as cell segmentation, lineage tracking and fluorescence signal quantification. The software’s modular design makes it easy to include existing libraries, or to implement new algorithms. Cell geometries extracted with MorphoGraphX can be exported and used as templates for simulation models, providing a powerful platform to investigate the interactions between shape, genes and growth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05864.001Author keywordsResearch organism

Genome-wide association study of survival from sepsis due to pneumonia: an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND Sepsis continues to be a major cause of death, disability, and health-care expenditure worldwide. Despite evidence suggesting that host genetics can influence sepsis outcomes, no specific loci have yet been convincingly replicated. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants that influence sepsis survival. METHODS We did a genome-wide association study in three independent cohorts of white adult patients admitted to intensive care units with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock (as defined by the International Consensus Criteria) due to pneumonia or intra-abdominal infection (cohorts 1-3, n=2534 patients). The primary outcome was 28 day survival. Results for the cohort of patients with sepsis due to pneumonia were combined in a meta-analysis of 1553 patients from all three cohorts, of whom 359 died within 28 days of admission to the intensive-care unit. The most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in a further 538 white patients with sepsis due to pneumonia (cohort 4), of whom 106 died. FINDINGS In the genome-wide meta-analysis of three independent pneumonia cohorts (cohorts 1-3), common variants in the FER gene were strongly associated with survival (p=9·7 × 10(-8)). Further genotyping of the top associated SNP (rs4957796) in the additional cohort (cohort 4) resulted in a combined p value of 5·6 × 10(-8) (odds ratio 0·56, 95% CI 0·45-0·69). In a time-to-event analysis, each allele reduced the mortality over 28 days by 44% (hazard ratio for death 0·56, 95% CI 0·45-0·69; likelihood ratio test p=3·4 × 10(-9), after adjustment for age and stratification by cohort). Mortality was 9·5% in patients carrying the CC genotype, 15·2% in those carrying the TC genotype, and 25·3% in those carrying the TT genotype. No significant genetic associations were identified when patients with sepsis due to pneumonia and intra-abdominal infection were combined. INTERPRETATION We have identified common variants in the FER gene that associate with a reduced risk of death from sepsis due to pneumonia. The FER gene and associated molecular pathways are potential novel targets for therapy or prevention and candidates for the development of biomarkers for risk stratification. FUNDING European Commission and the Wellcome Trust.

Mosaic pattern of sucrase isomaltase deficiency in two brothers

The pathophysiology of mucosal changes observed in infants with chronic protracted diarrhea is poorly understood. We report on two brothers suffering from a special form of sucrase isomaltase (SI) deficiency. The children presented with weight loss and dyspepsia after sucrose exposition. We performed an H respiration test, which showed a pathologic result in the younger brother. Analysis of the brush border enzyme activities showed low expression of lactase and SI. Immunoelectron microscopy of duodenal biopsies showed an isolated SI deficiency in a mosaic pattern [e.g., 42% (14%) crypt enterocytes and 64% (59%) villus enterocytes with decreased amounts of SI on microvilli], whereas lactase and aminopeptidase n (ApN) were present at the apical membrane of all cells in a normal range. The SI mosaic pattern of these patients shows that the enterocytes contain low amounts of SI on the apical membrane but express normal quantities of other disaccharidases. These findings suggest the existence of different clonal expressions or specific (posttranslational) mechanisms of postGolgi transportation for individual brush border enzymes. It remains unresolved whether the mosaic distribution is part of a normal maturation process or caused by a lack of an overall control mechanism in the expression of brush border hydrolases.

Stilus – calamus – griffel – stift. Zur metonymischen Metaphorik des Stilbegriffs in der mittellateinischen und mittelhochdeutschen Literatur

„Die Übertragung der Bezeichnung für den Schreibgriffel auf die Verfasstheit geschriebener Texte“ scheint bis zum Ende der Antike, ja bis ins 14. Jahrhundert „noch als Metapher erfahren worden zu sein“ (H.-U. Gumbrecht zur Geschichte des Stilbegriffs in ders./K. Ludwig Pfeiffer (Hg.), Stil. Geschichte und Funktionen eines kulturwissenschaftlichen Diskurselements, Frankfurt/M. 1986 [stw 633], S. 735 und 741). Der angebotene Beitrag verifiziert diese These am Beispiel aussagekräftiger Textstellen der mittellateinischen und der mittelhochdeutschen Literatur, in denen Schreibgeräte (wie stilus, calamus, griffel, stift) im Kontext inszenierter Schreib- und Lebens-‚Stile’ stehen. Als Werkzeug des Schreibens ist der stilus eine Verlängerung der Hand, des Körpers, aber auch des Habitus, der Lebensart seines Besitzers oder seiner Besitzerin. Die herangezogenen Textbeispiele stammen aus Alanus’ ab Insulis ›Anticlaudianus‹ (Anrufung des Phoebus), aus Konrad Flecks ›Flore und Blanscheflur‹ (der Griffel als Minnebote) sowie aus Heinrichs von Mügeln Spruchdichtung und Johannes’ von Tepl ›Ackermann‹ (stift und stipulus als Operatoren dichterischer Gestaltung).

Reconsidering the logic of World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECT Current data show a favorable outcome in up to 50% of patients with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Grade V subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and a rather poor prediction of worst cases. Thus, the usefulness of the current WFNS grading system for identifying the worst scenarios for clinical studies and for making treatment decisions is limited. One reason for this lack of differentiation is the use of "negative" or "silent" diagnostic signs as part of the WFNS Grade V definition. The authors therefore reevaluated the WFNS scale by using "positive" clinical signs and the logic of the Glasgow Coma Scale as a progressive herniation score. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 182 patients with SAH who had poor grades on the WFNS scale. Patients were graded according to the original WFNS scale and additionally according to a modified classification, the WFNS herniation (hWFNS) scale (Grade IV, no clinical signs of herniation; Grade V, clinical signs of herniation). The prediction of poor outcome was compared between these two grading systems. RESULTS The positive predictive values of Grade V for poor outcome were 74.3% (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.94-7.54) for WFNS Grade V and 85.7% (OR 8.27, 95% CI 3.78-19.47) for hWFNS Grade V. With respect to mortality, the positive predictive values were 68.3% (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.01-7.69) for WFNS Grade V and 77.9% (OR 6.22, 95% CI 3.07-13.14) for hWFNS Grade V. CONCLUSIONS Limiting WFNS Grade V to the positive clinical signs of the Glasgow Coma Scale such as flexion, extension, and pupillary abnormalities instead of including "no motor response" increases the prediction of mortality and poor outcome in patients with severe SAH.

Ms. Barth. 97 - Theologische Sammelhandschrift

Vorbesitzer: Konrad von Gelnhausen; Jungo Frosch; Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Die materielle Begründung des Deutschen Bundesstaates durch die organische Gestaltung der Staatengebiete : ein unpartheiisches, patriotisches Votum, der hohen konstituirenden Nationalversammlung in Frankfurt zur geneigten Prüfung ehrerbietigst vorgelegt

Boberach: Der Deutsche Bund soll durch Mediatisierung der Kleinstaaten, vor allem Bildung der Königreiche Schwaben und Hessen als militärisch starke Westmark aus den sieben Einzelstaaten Südwestdeutschlands, neu gegliedert und Preußen an Nord- und Ostsee durch Einverleibung der Hansestädte als Seemacht gestärkt werden. Frankfurt soll Sitz der Reichsgewalt werden

ASSIP Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program. A Manual for Clinicans

Attempted Suicide is the main risk factor for suicide. The Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) described in this manual is an innovative brief therapy that has proven to be highly effective in reducing the risk of further attempts. ASSIP is the result of the authors' extensive practical experience in the treatment of suicidal individuals. The emphasis is on the therapeutic alliance with the suicidal patient, based on an initial video-recorded narrative interview and the development of personalized safety strategies. The three to four therapy sessions are followed by continuing contact with patients by means of regular letters.

Workshop: ASSIP - Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program. Theory, Practice, and 24 Months Follow-up RCT.

Background: ASSIP is a manualized brief therapy based on a model of suicide as goal-directed action, aimed at establishing a therapeutic alliance in a patient-oriented, collaborative approach. The main goals of the three-session program ASSIP are for patients to understand, from an observer’s position, patterns leading to a suicidal crisis, recognize triggers and warning signs, and to establish individual safety strategies for future suicidal crises. An ongoing therapeutic support is provided with regular letters over 24 months. Method: The study was conducted in a naturalistic setting. 120 Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (60 participants) treated with ASSIP combined with follow-up contact through letters, and a control group (60 participants) receiving a single session of clinical assessment. Both groups had treatment as usual. Patients completed a set of psychosocial and clinical questionnaires every six months over a period of 24 months. Results: In the ASSIP group 5 patients made a total of 5 reattempts, compared to 15 patients with 41 reattempts in the control group. The survival analysis yielded a significant difference with a Wald Chi2 of .000003. The ASSIP group had significantly lower suicidal ideation and fewer days of inpatient treatment compared to the control group. Higher scores in the Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire were associated with lower suicidal ideation during follow-up. Conclusions: ASSIP is a highly effective brief therapy for patients with recent suicide attempts. Forming a strong therapeutic alliance is considered to be a major factor for outcome. ASSIP can be used with minimal training by experienced therapists. An English version of the manual will be published in May 2015.

Kurztherapie für Patienten nach Suizidversuch. ASSIP – Attempted Suicide Short Intervention ProgramTherapiemanual

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Ein erfolgter Suizidversuch ist der grösste Risikofaktor für einen späteren Suizid. Der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zeigt, dass es bislang kaum Therapieansätze gibt, die dieses Risiko langfristig zu reduzieren vermögen. Methoden: ASSIP ist eine spezifische Kurztherapie für Patienten nach einem Suizidversuch und beruht auf einem handlungstheoretischen Konzept von Suizid. Es vereint Elemente der Bindungstheorie mit kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Strategien. Ergebnisse: Im Rahmen einer randomisierten Effektivitätsstudie (N=120) konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Interventionsgruppe im Vergleich zu ihrer Kontrollgruppe über zwei Jahre hinweg signifikant weniger wiederholte Suizidersuch aufwies. Weitere wichtige Ergebnisse werden präsentiert. Diskussion: Durch den Aufbau einer losen aber anhaltenden Therapiebeziehung, wie auch von Strategien im Umgang mit suizidalen Krisen, finden weniger Suizidhandlungen statt und ein besserer Umgang mit suizidalen Krisen wird möglich.