Influência no sistema de produção soja-algodoeiro na população de fitonematoides.

2016

ROTEIRO TURÍSTICO HISTÓRICO CULTURAL PARA A CIDADE DE BOA VISTA

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em apresentar um roteiro turístico do patrimônio histórico-cultural da cidade de Boa Vista a fim de estimular o conhecimento e a valorização da história e da cultura do povo boavistense. Considerando que o patrimônio arquitetônico cultural ainda é pouco reconhecido pelos habitantes e consequentemente pouco visitado, faz-se necessário criar mecanismos para que este legado urbano seja mais bem usufruído pelo poder público, pelos profissionais (guias de turismo) e sociedade em geral, razão pela qual houve a motivação para elaborar este trabalho. Não obstante, a organização desse roteiro contribui para valorizar a história da região e influenciar a comunidade a conhecer, entender e, quem sabe, orgulhar-se de fazer parte dela. Para o desenvolvimento do roteiro realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, utilizando também do Sistema de Informação Geográfica – SIG. Foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores antigos da cidade para relacionar os fatos históricos com a proposta do trabalho. Com isso, se identificou que o centro antigo de Boa Vista, primeiro núcleo urbano, possui diversas edificações de caráter histórico e cultural, sendo, portanto, um bom atrativo turístico para ser visitado.

Séries temporais de EVI/MODIS na identificação da dinâmica da soja em sistema plantio direto no Mato Grosso, Brasil.

As respostas espectrais monitoradas pelo sensor MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) podem auxiliar não apenas na identificação dos cultivos, mas também no sistema de manejo adotado pelos produtores rurais de uma região. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar respostas da soja através de índices de vegetação realçado (EVI) extraídos do MODIS como resposta a dinâmica da soja em sistema plantio direto no Estado de Mato Grosso. A área considerada abrange 23 municípios mais representativos na produção de soja no Estado, respondendo no ano agrícola de 2005-2006 a cerca de 65% da produção de soja no Estado. O índice biofísico EVI é eficiente para mapear áreas com cultivos de soja e identificar áreas que adotam práticas conservacionistas como as preconizadas pelo sistema plantio direto. A evolução espaço-temporal do plantio direto apontado pelas respostas espectrais aponta que houve influência sócio-cultural na adoção de práticas do sistema plantio direto, pelos produtores rurais do Estado de Mato Grosso.

QUEIJO ARTESANAL: IDENTIDADE, PRÁTICA CULTURAL E ESTRATÉGIA DE REPRODUÇÃO SOCIAL EM PAÍSES DA AMÉRICA LATINA

Este artigo pretende apresentar a configuração da produção artesanal de queijos por meio de estudos de casos nos países: Brasil, México, Costa Rica, Peru e Argentina.Esse sistema está fundamentado nas relações de proximidade e de reciprocidade entre atores como os produtores de queijo, os comerciantes e os consumidores e em um forte sentimento de pertencimento dos atores ao seu território. Os queijos artesanais estão enraizados na história da vida de homens e mulheres que compartilham a mesma identidade cultural. Nossa abordagem se apóia nos conceitos de identidade cultural, território e Sistema Agroalimentar Localizado – SYAL. Tem como objetivo refletir a produção de queijos como uma identidade cultural arraigada em territórios latinos e constitui uma estratégia para geração de renda e postos de trabalho com vistas à reprodução social e a continuidade no meio rural de grupos familiares. Essa produção tinha como objetivo o valor de uso, destinava-se ao consumo familiar diário. A partir dos anos 1970/1980 com o crescimento do movimento migratório da população rural com destino aos espaços urbanos, os queijos artesanais passam a serem demandados pelos migrantes. Os consumidores buscam nesses produtos identitários uma proximidade do seu território de origem. A metodologia utilizada constituiu-se no trabalho de campo em territórios queijeiros da América Latina e revisão bibliográfica

Cuidados, Género y Cultura de Paz. Presupuestos teóricos y percepciones en el sistema educativo andaluz.

La presente tesis doctoral titulada “Cuidados, Género y Cultura de Paz. Presupuestos teóricos y percepciones en el sistema educativo andaluz” tiene por objeto conocer, analizar y visibilizar los cuidados que se dan en el sistema educativo andaluz. En esta investigación se pretende evidenciar, tomar conciencia y prestigiar los cuidados desde cualquier ámbito y área y en cualquier relación intra e interpersonal, así como la urgente necesidad de su praxis y reparto de los mismos en el mundo privado y público desde cualquier disciplina y espacio. En nuestra investigación partimos de diferentes enfoques teóricos y metodológicos como los Estudios de las Mujeres y de Género, la Investigación para la Paz y la ética del cuidado que nos han permitido conocer y avanzar sobre los diferentes resultados, conclusiones y limitaciones acerca de los cuidados. A nivel metodológico, esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo a través de una metodología cualitativa interpretativa y etnográfica que nos ha facilitado describir, interpretar, reflexionar sobre nuestro objeto de estudio. Hemos elegido este enfoque metodológico porque se adapta a nuestras necesidades de información y comprensión. Este estudio se desarrolló en cuatro centros educativos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria con diferentes realidades socioeconómicas, culturales y territoriales. En ellos se llevaron a cabo observaciones, entrevistas, talleres, registro de diario y grupos de discusión, con el propósito de conocer la percepción que tenía del cuidado el conjunto de la comunidad educativa y cómo desarrollaban las prácticas de cuidados.

Concepção binária de gênero como construção cultural na escola

Imagem ilustrativa sobre o processo de construção da concepção binária de gênero no âmbito escolar

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento

This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a model that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explicit

Diagnóstico da Educação Ambiental no ensino de Geografia: Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí hidrographic basins

The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos sistemas educacionais: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México

This study focus on the reconfiguration of educational management in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, which was promoted by the new logic of social regulation and the new role attributed to the State, considering each country's own historicity. So, the cultural factors that interfere on the dynamics of the 90' school reform are analyzed. Aspects that show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these reforms in the region, as well as local specificities that block out the concretization of the reform are underlined. It is shown that the historicity that characterizes the educational reform has taken, in each country, a form that can be called, in Mexico, conservative rupture; in Chile, conservative continuity; in Brazil, conservative renovation; and, in Argentina, interrupted rupture. Some conclusions about the impact of educational reform in the selected countries are recuperated through the analysis of 186 academic texts on the subject.

Variabilidade espacial e sazonal da concentração de elementos-traço em sedimentos do sistema estuarino de Santos-Cubatão (SP)

Multi-element analyses of sediment samples from the Santos-Cubatão Estuarine System were carried out to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of trace-element concentrations. The study area contains a rich mangrove ecosystem that is a habitat for tens of thousands of resident and migratory birds, some of them endangered globally. Enrichments of metals in fine-grained surface sediments are, in decreasing order, Hg, Mn, La, Ca, Sr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, Nb, Y, Ni and Ga, relative to pre-industrial background levels. The maximum enrichment ranged from 49 (Hg) to 3.1 (Ga). Mercury concentrations were greater in the Cubatão river than in other sites, while the other elements showed greater concentrations in the Morrão river. Concentrations of Mn were significantly greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. However, other elements (e.g. Cd and Pb) showed the opposite, with greater concentrations in summer and spring. This study suggests that seasonal changes in physical and chemical conditions may affect the degree of sediment enrichment and therefore make the assessment of contamination difficult. Consequently, these processes need to be considered when assessing water quality and the potential contamination of biota.

Sistema limpo em linha para extração em fase sólida de contaminantes emergentes em águas naturais

A solid-phase in-line extraction system for water samples containing low levels of emerging contaminants is described. The system was specially developed for large volume samples (up to 4 L) using commercial solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Four sets containing PTFE-made connectors, brass adapters and ball valves were used to fit SPE cartridges and sample bottles to a 4-port manifold attached to a 20 L carboy. A lab-made vacuum device was connected to the manifold cap. The apparatus is robust and less expensive than the typical available system. Its also provides less experimental handling, avoiding cross contamination and sample losses.

Análise do investimento em climatização para bovinos de leite em sistema de alojamento free-stall

The difficulty in adapting European dairy cows breeds in Brazil affect considerably the milk production sector. Brazilian climatic conditions are not totally favorable and the development of new tecnologies is needed for the animals express their genetic potential, as well as their best feed conversion. An economical analysis of the applied investment in the free-stall climatization equipment in dairy housing, for estimating studies related to profit, possibility of return investment as well as time for this return is necessary. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of climatization investment in the milk production process and analyze the economical aspect of this investment. There were used 470 high productive dairy cows with genetic and morphologic homogeneous characteristics, and analyzed in two similar periods. Investment calculations were done using Excell®. The results were satisfactory and the invested capital was proved to return to the producer in a short term, 57 days.

Sistema de monitoramento de perdas visíveis de cana-de-açúcar em colhedora de cana picada

In the last few years the sugar-cane mechanical harvested area has increased, especially in regions with appropriated slop. The use of this technology brings some inconveniences, such as, the increase in the percentage of extraneous matter, which causes the reduction of technological quality of the raw material, and losses in the field. Extraneous matter (trash) is composed of tops and leaves in major percentage, plus soil and roots, and eventually some metal parts. In the green cane harvest system the percentage of extraneous matter has a tendency to increase due to the great amount of vegetal matter to be processed. The increase in the blower fan speed to reduce the amount of extraneous matter can lead to an unacceptable economic level of raw material losses. The main objective of this work was, using a cane loss monitor, to evaluate and quantify the amount of visible losses of sugar cane through the primary extractor at two different fan speeds. Afterwards these losses were related to the harvester cleaning efficiency. The piezoelectric transducer shows a reasonable sensibility. The results show that the cleaning efficiency in the primary extractor (85% mean), the cane losses (between 5.68% and 2.15%) and fan speed are interrelated. The total losses and specially splinters (between 3.19% and 0.91%), showed a significant difference among the treatments.

Sistema de sincronismo entre a colhedora de cana-de-açúcar e o veículo de transbordo

One of the problems found in mechanical harvest of sugar cane is the lack of synchronism between the harvest machine and the infield wagon, causing crop losses as well as operational capacity. The objective of the present research was to design a system capable of helping to synchronize the sugar cane harvest machine with the wagon. The communication between tractor and harvest machine is wireless. Two ultrasound sensors coupled to the elevator and a microprocessor manage such information, generating a correct synchronization among the machines. The system was tested in laboratory and on field performing its function adequately, maintaining the two machines in synchronization, indicating and alerting the operators their relative positions. The developed system reduced the sugar cane lost in 60 kg ha-1 comparing to the harvest with the system turned off.

Sistema MINUS® - técnica minimamente invasiva para o tratamento das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.