Reporte de datos de madurez sexual de la anchoveta peruana (engraulis ringens) durante el periodo 1961 - 1987

Se presentan datos de madurez sexual promedio mensual de la anchoveta peruana, Engraulis ringens por longitudes y sexos, para las Regiones Norte (06°-10°S), Centro (10°-14° S) y Sur (14°-18°20 ' S) para el período 1961-87. Estos se obtuvieron usando los datos de madurez sexual colectados macroscópicamente de ejemplares procedentes de los desembarques a lo largo del litoral peruano.

Isolating DNA from sexual assault cases: a comparison of standard methods with a nuclease-based approach.

AbstractText BACKGROUND: Profiling sperm DNA present on vaginal swabs taken from rape victims often contributes to identifying and incarcerating rapists. Large amounts of the victim's epithelial cells contaminate the sperm present on swabs, however, and complicate this process. The standard method for obtaining relatively pure sperm DNA from a vaginal swab is to digest the epithelial cells with Proteinase K in order to solubilize the victim's DNA, and to then physically separate the soluble DNA from the intact sperm by pelleting the sperm, removing the victim's fraction, and repeatedly washing the sperm pellet. An alternative approach that does not require washing steps is to digest with Proteinase K, pellet the sperm, remove the victim's fraction, and then digest the residual victim's DNA with a nuclease. METHODS: The nuclease approach has been commercialized in a product, the Erase Sperm Isolation Kit (PTC Labs, Columbia, MO, USA), and five crime laboratories have tested it on semen-spiked female buccal swabs in a direct comparison with their standard methods. Comparisons have also been performed on timed post-coital vaginal swabs and evidence collected from sexual assault cases. RESULTS: For the semen-spiked buccal swabs, Erase outperformed the standard methods in all five laboratories and in most cases was able to provide a clean male profile from buccal swabs spiked with only 1,500 sperm. The vaginal swabs taken after consensual sex and the evidence collected from rape victims showed a similar pattern of Erase providing superior profiles. CONCLUSIONS: In all samples tested, STR profiles of the male DNA fractions obtained with Erase were as good as or better than those obtained using the standard methods.

Ethics and creative accounting: Some empirical evidence on accounting for intangibles in Spain

Recent research shows that financial reports are losing relevance. Mainly thisis due to the growing strategic importance of intangible assets in theperformance of a company. A possible solution is to modify accounting standardsso that statements include more self-generated intangible assets, taking intoaccount with their inherent risk and difficulty of valuation. We surveyed loanofficers who were asked to assess the credit-worthiness of a hypotheticalcompany. The only information given was a simplified version of financialstatements. Half the group got statements where research and development costshad been capitalized. The other half got statements in which these costs hadbeen treated as an expense. The findings show that capitalization wassignificantly more likely to attract a positive response to a loan request. Thepaper raises the question of whether accounting for intangibles might providemanagers with one more creative accounting technique and, in consequence, itsethical implications.

Efecto de la proporción sexual, densidad y edad de los reproductores en la producción de semilla de Tilapia nilotica (Pisces, Cichlidae)

En el Laboratorio de Huachipa del Instituto del Mar del Perú, en el período comprendido entre octubre de 1980 y agosto de 1982, se realizaron varios experimentos a fin de determinar el efecto del tipo de estanque, densidad de carga y calidad y cantidad de fertilizante en el crecimiento y la producción de Tilapia nilotica. Estos experimentos arrojaron una diferencia no significativa entre los tratamientos, por lo cual se halló una cifra general promedio de crecimiento y producción que permitió su comparación con las cifras de producción obtenidas en otras áreas del mundo, un peso individual promedio de 203.4 g, una producción total de 2,038 Kg/ha/272 días, y una producción neta de 5.6 Kg/ha/día. Cifras que quedan dentro del rango reportado por el ICA (International Center for Aquaculture) para clima templado; similares a las obtenidas en países de Europa Central y la China, y notablemente bajas comparadas con los 20 Kg/ha/día producidos en Israel. Se identifican la mala condición de los estanques utilizados, la baja densidad de carga aplicada, la baja calidad del fertilizante y el clima de la zona, específicamente la presencia de nubosidad, como los factores de mayor incidencia en los resultados poco satisfactorios.

Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board, Agency Performance Plan, 2008

Annual Report, Agency Performance Plan Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board

Estudio de la fecundidad y ciclo sexual de la anchoveta (Egraulis ringens. J.) en la zona de Chimbote

La fecundidad de la anchoveta del Perú (Engraulis ringens J.) ha sido investigada en 83 ovarios colectados en varias localidades de la zona pesquera de Chimbote, durante la estación de desove.La fecundidad, considerada aquí como el número de huevos que la anchoveta elimina en una puesta ha sido estimada determinando el número de ovas en el grupo del tamaño modal más avanzado.

La madurez sexual de la anchoveta (Engraulis rigens J.) en los periodos reproductivos 1961/1968

Información sobre la madurez sexual de la Anchoveta peruana, que ha sido estudiado por el examen macroscópico de las gónadas durante 1961-1968, el material se recogió en Chimbote, Callao e Ilo y se comparó con datos similares de Chile. Las etapas más avanzadas de la madurez sexual fueron la base de la evaluación. El análisis pone de relieve las diferencias de tiempo de la temporada de desove entre las localidades en relación con la longitud y la edad. Los datos de Chimbote y Callao indican que la actividad sexual se extiende de agosto a marzo. Se producen dos picos de desove, uno en septiembre y otro en febrero. por otro lado, los datos de Ilo y Chile demuestran que la época de desove en la zona sur comienza en julio y termina en febrero. Estos resultados también demuestran dos puntos interesantes en relación con la longitud y la edad de anchovetas: el pico a la madurez sexual en verano es tan intenso como en el invierno, pero el predominante de pequeñas anchovetas durante el verano hace dificil de detectar la situación real y las anchovetas mayores desove durante un período más largo y con mayor intensidad que los más jóvenes. Por último, las anchovetas en la etapa más avanzada de madurez fueron más abundantes durante 1964, 1967 y que durante el resto de año cerca de Callao y Chimbote.

Internet e-ethics in confrontation with an activists' agenda: Yahoo! on trial

A prolonged confrontation between Yahoo! Inc. and French anti-racismactivists who ask for the removal of Nazi items from auction sitesas well as restricted access to neo-Nazis sites is analyzed. We presentthe case and its development up to the decision of Yahoo! Inc. to removethe items from yahoo.com following a French court s verdict against thefirm. Using a business ethics approach, we distinguish the legal,technical, philosophical and managerial issues involved in the case andtheir management by Yahoo! We conclude on the difficulty of governingrelations with society from corporate and legal affairs departments atthe headquarters level, and on the clash of two visions over theregulation of social freedom.

Cohort study of trials submitted to ethics committee identified discrepant reporting of outcomes in publications.

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with discrepant outcome reporting in randomized drug trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study of protocols submitted to a Swiss ethics committee 1988-1998: 227 protocols and amendments were compared with 333 matching articles published during 1990-2008. Discrepant reporting was defined as addition, omission, or reclassification of outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 870 of 2,966 unique outcomes were reported discrepantly (29.3%). Among protocol-defined primary outcomes, 6.9% were not reported (19 of 274), whereas 10.4% of reported outcomes (30 of 288) were not defined in the protocol. Corresponding percentages for secondary outcomes were 19.0% (284 of 1,495) and 14.1% (334 of 2,375). Discrepant reporting was more likely if P values were <0.05 compared with P ≥ 0.05 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.78], more likely for efficacy compared with harm outcomes (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.08, 4.30) and more likely for composite than for single outcomes (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.20). Cardiology (aOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.44, 3.79) and infectious diseases (aOR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.13) had more discrepancies compared with all specialties combined. CONCLUSION: Discrepant reporting was associated with statistical significance of results, type of outcome, and specialty area. Trial protocols should be made freely available, and the publications should describe and justify any changes made to protocol-defined outcomes.

Assédio Moral e Sexual nas Relações de trabalho: Os factores que potenciam o assédio moral e sexual nas relações de trabalho e as atitudes das pessoas perante tal fenómeno. Caso Enapor

Esta pesquisa monográfica, ora apresentada, visa analisar e compreender os factores que os funcionários da ENAPOR percepcionam como estando na origem do assédio moral e sexual nas relações de trabalho, bem como as atitudes dos mesmos perante o fenómeno. Os aspectos apresentados derivam de interpretações feitas durante a investigação sobre a temática em estudo, assédio moral e sexual nas relações de trabalho, tendo como bases as autoras BARRETO (2000) e FREITAS (2001). Estas são as autoras nas quais pretendemos centralizar, mas, outras abordagens teóricas darão suporte a esta nossa investigação. Pretendemos estudar o tema com base na análise documental, Pesquisas na Internet e aplicação das entrevistas aos directores e outros funcionários de outro escalão. A escolha destas duas autoras como suportes teóricos para esta pesquisa tem a ver, sobretudo, com o facto de elas estarem intrinsecamente relacionadas com os objectivos que norteiam a nossa investigação. Utilizaremos também como suporte teórico as contribuições de outros autores em relação à problemática do assédio moral e sexual nas relações de trabalhos. As mesmas razões apresentadas nos parágrafos anteriores em relação às outras contribuições teóricas dos outros autores também se aplicam de forma específica a este autor. Para uma análise aprofundada desta pesquisa, recorreu-se ao método qualitativa para a análise de resultados, utilizando como instrumentos de recolha dos dados a entrevistas. Esta pesquisa monográfica está estruturada em cinco capítulos: no primeiro capítulo, uma reflexão sobre a definição do objecto de estudo e da metodologia; no segundo, assédio moral e sexual; no terceiro, temos as estratégias, motivos que encoraja a pratica do assédio, as atitudes e as politica de prevenção. No quarto, capítulo procede-se à apresentação, análise e interpretação dos resultados obtidos, por último, as principais conclusões a que se chegou nesta pesquisa e as considerações finais do mesmo.

Perceptual mapping of practical ethics along the value chain: A multiple correspondence analysis with industry and cultural indices as supplementary variables

This paper presents findings from a study investigating a firm s ethical practices along the value chain. In so doing we attempt to better understand potential relationships between a firm s ethical stance with its customers and those of its suppliers within a supply chain and identify particular sectoral and cultural influences that might impinge on this. Drawing upon a database comprising of 667 industrial firms from 27 different countries, we found that ethical practices begin with the firm s relationship with its customers, the characteristics of which then influence the ethical stance with the firm s suppliers within the supply chain. Importantly, market structure along with some key cultural characteristics were also found to exert significant influence on the implementation of ethical policies in these firms.

The ethics of creative accounting: Some Spanish evidence

'Creative accounting' involves accountants in making accounting policy choices or manipulating transactions in such a way as to give the impression in the accounts that they prefer. While regarded as unethical by most observers, a defence of creative accounting can be based on the ability of the users of accounts to identify bias in accounting policy choices and make appropriate adjustments.In this paper we take the example of the Barcelona Football Club where the club management made three key accounting policy choices that presented a favourable position, and a supporters' club presented an alternative report choosing three alternative accounting policies that presented an unfavourable position. We presented each of these financial reports to one of two groups of Spanish bank loan offices, with supporting notes making the impact of the accounting policy choices clear. We found that the more favourable set of accounts was significantly more likely to attract a positive response to a loan request.This result undermines the defence for creative accounting, based on the ability of users to identify manipulation.

Sobre el carácter sexual secundario de las hembras de cachalote en Paita

Da a concer la presencia de una callosidad en la aleta dorsal, como carácter sexual secundario, existente en algunas hembras de cachalote capturadas frente a Paita, Perú. El período de estudios comprensió del 19 de junio de 1959 al 28 de agosto de 1963, en el cual se trabajaron 785 especímenes hembras, clasificándilas con callosidad presente y ausente; paralelamente se realizó observaciones de las glándulas mamarias, cantidad de cuerpo lúteos y albicans, determinando la condicións sexual.

Madurez sexual, frecuencia de desove y fecundidad de la anchoveta peruana durante invierno-primavera de 1997

Analiza tres aspectos importantes en el estudio de la biología reproductiva de la anchoveta Engraulis ringens: el estado reproductivo por grado latitudinal (entre 16° y 5°S), la frecuencia de desove y la fecundidad parcial. El desove fue más intenso en el área comprendida entre los grados 10°S y 12°S. La frecuencia de desove fue 0,071, disminuyendo en 32,0% en comparación al cálculo del año anterior.

Sexual behaviour of men that consulted in medical outpatient clinics in Western Switzerland from 2005-2006: risk levels unknown to doctors?

BACKGROUND: To determine male outpatient attenders' sexual behaviours, expectations and experience of talking about their sexuality and sexual health needs with a doctor. METHODS: A survey was conducted among all male patients aged 18-70, recruited from the two main medical outpatient clinics in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2005-2006. The anonymous self-administered questionnaire included questions on sexual behaviour, HIV/STI information needs, expectations and experiences regarding discussion of sexual matters with a doctor. RESULTS: The response rate was 53.0% (N = 1452). The mean age was 37.7 years. Overall, 13.4% of patients were defined as at STI risk--i.e. having not consistently used condoms with casual partners in the last 6 months, or with a paid partner during the last intercourse--regarding their sexual behaviour in the last year. 90.9% would have liked their physician to ask them questions concerning their sexual life; only 61.4% had ever had such a discussion. The multivariate analysis showed that patients at risk tended to have the following characteristics: recruited from the HIV testing clinic, lived alone, declared no religion, had a low level of education, felt uninformed about HIV/AIDS, were younger, had had concurrent sexual partners in the last 12 months. However they were not more likely to have discussed sexual matters with their doctor than patients not at risk. CONCLUSION: Recording the sexual history and advice on the prevention of the risks of STI should become routine practice for primary health care doctors.