Tafonomia das rochas carbonáticas conchíferas das formações Teresina e Rio do Rasto (Permiano, Bacia do Paraná)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uso do 210Pb no estudo de deposição de mercúrio em lagos da bacia do rio Madeira (RO)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

O método geocronológico do Pb-210 aplicado no estudo da taxa de sedimentação em uma porção da Bacia do Rio Atibaia (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determinação da taxa de sedimentação na foz do rio Amazonas usando o 210Pb como geocronômetro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Acúmulo e fracionamento de fósforo nos sedimentos do estuário do rio Coreaú (Ceará) para avaliação do impacto da carcinicultura

A criação de camarão (carcinicultura) é uma das atividades da aquicultura amplamente empregada nos estuários e manguezais brasileiros. A ração dada aos camarões é enriquecida em compostos fosfatados. Desta forma, os efluentes produzidos pelas fazendas podem acelerar os processos de eutrofização. O Estuário do Rio Coreaú (CE) vem apresentando um crescimento na prática da carcinicultura, porém dados de qualidade ambiental são escassos para o monitoramento da região. No presente trabalho, pretendeu-se avaliar a contribuição das fazendas de carcinicultura situadas às margens do Estuário do Rio Coreaú, no aporte de fósforo. As principais formas de fósforo: biodisponível (P-Bio), ligado aos oxi-hidróxidos de ferro (P-Fe), ligado à apatita biogênica, autigênica e aos carbonatos (P-CFAP), ligado à apatita detrítica (P-FAP) e o fósforo orgânico (P-Org), bem como carbono orgânico total (%COT) e clorofila-a foram determinadas em amostras de sedimentos superficiais e testemunhos das margens do Estuário do Rio Coreaú. As concentrações de P-Total obtidas nos sedimentos superficiais foram bastante elevadas e mostram a necessidade de estudos de monitoramento. A fração com maior representatividade foi a P-Fe compondo cerca de 30% do P-Total, o que demonstra a capacidade dos oxi-hidróxidos de ferro em imobilizar ou liberar o fósforo. A contribuição dos efluentes das fazendas ficou evidenciada pelas concentrações mais elevadas do P-Org nos pontos locados em frente às fazendas. Nos testemunhos, as concentrações de P-Total foram mais elevadas no ponto com sedimentos predominantemente finos (silte e argila), com as frações P-Fe, PCFAP e P-FAP sendo as principais contribuintes. Os dados de taxa de sedimentação disponíveis e os incrementos do P-Total indicam o possível período de desmatamento e o início ou a máxima atividade das fazendas de carcinicultura no final da década de 1980 e meados de 1990, respectivamente. As concentrações elevadas de fósforo, %COT e dos teores de clorofila-a obtidas sugerem uma contribuição antrópica significativa no Estuário do Rio Coreaú e um elevado potencial de eutrofização.

A continuous multi-millennial record of surficial bivalve mollusk shells from the Sao Paulo Bight, Brazilian shelf

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Crowded Rosselia ichnofabric in the Early Devonian of Brazil: An example of strategic behavior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evaluation of the chromium contamination at Ribeirao dos Bagres, Franca (SP), Brazil, by the Pb-210 method

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A comparative evaluation of the CF:CS and CRS models in Pb-210 chronological studies applied to hydrographic basins in Brazil

The Constant Flux: Constant Sedimentation (CF:CS) and Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) of unsupported/excess Pb-210 models have been applied to a Pb-210 data set providing of eighteen sediments profiles sampled at four riverine systems occurring in Brazil, South America: Corumbatai River basin (S1=Site 1, Sao Paulo State), Atibaia River basin (S2=Site 2, Sao Paulo State), Ribeirao dos Bagres basin (S3=Site 3, Sao Paulo State) and Amazon River mouth. (S4=Site 4, Amapa State). These sites were chosen for a comparative evaluation of the performance of the CF:CS and CRS models due to their pronounced differences on the geographical location, geological context, soil composition, biodiversity, climate, rainfall, and water flow regime, among other variable aspects. However, all sediments cores exhibited a common denominator consisting on a database built from the use of the same techniques for acquiring the sediments major chemical composition (SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, MnO, P2O5, TiO2 and LOI-Loss on Ignition) and unsupported/excess 210Pb activity data. In terms of sedimentation rates, the performance of the CRS model was better than that of the CF:CS model as it yielded values more compatible with those expected from field evidences. Under the chronological point of view, the CRS model always provided ages within the permitted range of the Pb-210-method in the studied sites, whereas the CF:CS model predicted some values above 150 years. The SiO2 content decreased in accordance with the LOI increase in all cores analyzed and such inverse relationship was also tracked in the SiO2-LOI curves of historical trends. The SiO2-LOI concentration fluctuations in sites S1 and S3 also coincided with some Cu and Cr inputs in the drainage systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pb-210 and compositional data of sediments from Rondonian lakes, Madeira River basin, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A high-resolution Holocene record on the Southern Brazilian shelf: Paleoenvironmental implications

A high-resolution, multi-proxy record has been used to determine the environmental changes during the Holocene on the southern Brazilian shelf Present oceanographic conditions reveal wind and freshwater input as the determinants of short-term productivity changes in the study area. Magnetic susceptibility and grain-size variations, together with proxies of productivity (organic carbon, carbon accumulation rate, Ba, Sr, and Ca content, Ba/Al, Ba/Ti, and Al/Ti ratios) were analyzed and compared with proxies of redox condition (V/Ti ratio), terrigenous input (Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios), as well as other Element/Ti ratios, to evaluate the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes over the period. The core covers a time interval of about 7650 years, with sedimentation rates varying from 0.025 to 0.250 cm a(-1), which represent time intervals of between 8 and 80 a per sample. There is a clear change in the sedimentation rate at about 2800 B.P. All grain-size and elemental results indicate the occurrence of conspicuous changes between 5200 and 5000 cal. B.P., as well as between 3000 and 2800 cal. B.P. A comparison of the results with the palynological information available from the adjacent continental areas suggests that the sedimentary changes in this last interval may be correlated with the onset of modern climatic conditions in South America, and especially, with the onset of the Plata Plume Water, a water mass that carries cold, less saline waters towards the north. However, minor changes are observed at ca. 1500 B.P. and are correlated with an increase in the atmospheric humidity. Furthermore, a time-series analysis undertaken using several proxies indicated the occurrence of Sub-Milankovitch cycles, which may be compared with those reported worldwide. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

Assessment of metal and trace element concentrations in the Cananeia estuary, Brazil, by neutron activation and atomic absorption techniques

Twenty six bottom sediment samples were collected from the Cananeia estuary in summer and winter of 2005. Multielemental analysis was carried out by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Total mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption. As, Cr, Hg and Zn concentrations were compared to the Canadian oriented values (TEL and PEL). Sample points 4 and 9 presented higher concentration for most elements and As and Cr exceeded the TEL values. Organic matter (>10%) associated with siltic and clay sediments was observed. Climatic conditions, hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes promote differences in seasonal concentrations of elements at some points, which contribute to special distributions.

Permian non-marine bivalves of the Falkland Islands and their palaeoenvironmental significance

We describe the occurrence of non-marine bivalves in exposures of the Middle Permian (Capitanian) Brenton Loch Formation on the southern shore of Choiseul Sound, East Falklands. The bivalves are associated with ichnofossils and were collected from a bed in the upper part of the formation, within a 25 cm thick interval of dark siltstones and mudstones with planar lamination, overlain by massive sandstones. The shells are articulated, with the valves either splayed open or closed. At the top of the succession, mudstone beds nearly 1.5 m above the bivalve-bearing layers yielded well-preserved Glossopteris sp. cf. G. communis leaf fossils. The closed articulated condition of some shells indicates preservation under high sedimentation rates with low residence time of bioclasts at the sediment/water interface. However, the presence of specimens with splayed shells is usually correlated to the slow decay of the shell ligament in oxygen-deficient bottom waters. The presence of complete carbonized leaves of Glossopteris associated with the bivalve-bearing levels also suggests a possibly dysoxic-anoxic bottom environment. Overall, our data suggest that the bivalves were preserved by abrupt burial, possibly by distal sediment flows into a Brenton Loch lake, and may represent autochthonous to parautochthonous fossil accumulations. The shells resemble those of anthracosiids and are herein assigned to Palaeanodonta sp. aff. P. dubia, a species also found in the Permian succession of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Our results confirm that (a) the true distributions in space and time of all Permian non-marine (freshwater) bivalves are not yet well known, and (b) there is no evidence for marine conditions in the upper part of the Brenton Loch Formation.

An integrated GIS for sedimentological and geomorphological analysis of a lagoon environment. Barra de Cananeia inlet region, (Southeastern Brazil)

The aim of this work is to use GIS integration data to characterize sedimentary processes in a SubTropical lagoon environment. The study area was the Canan,ia Inlet estuary in the southeastern section of the Canan,ia Lagoon Estuarine System (CLES), state of So Paulo, Brazil (25A degrees 03'S/47A degrees 53'W). The area is formed by the confluence of two estuarine channels forming a bay-shaped water body locally called "Trapand, Bay". The region is surrounded by one of the most preserved tracts of Atlantic Rain Forest in Southwestern Brazil and presents well-developed mangroves and marshes. In this study a methodology was developed using integrated a GIS database based on bottom sediment parameters, geomorphological data, remote sensing images, Hidrodynamical Modeling data and geophysical parameters. The sediment grain size parameters and the bottom morphology of the lagoon were also used to develop models of net sediment transport pathways. It was possible to observe that the sediment transport vectors based on the grain size model had a good correlation with the transport model based on the bottom topography features and Hydrodynamic model, especially in areas with stronger energetic conditions, with a minor contribution of finer sediments. This relation is somewhat less evident near shallower banks and depositional features. In these regions the organic matter contents in the sediments was a good complementary tool for inferring the hydrodynamic and depositional conditions (i.e. primary productivity, sedimentation rates, sources, oxi-reduction rates).

Geochemical evidence of the 8.2 ka event and other Holocene environmental changes recorded in paleolagoon sediments, southeastern Brazil

The paleoclimatic record of Jureia Paleolagoon, coastal southeastem Brazil, includes cyclic and gradual changes with different intensities and frequencies through geological time, and it is controlled by astronomical, geophysical, and geological phenomena. These variations are not due to one single cause, but they result from the interaction of several factors, which act at different temporal and spatial scales. Here, we describe paleoenvironmental evidence regarding climatic and sea level changes from the last 9400 cal yr BP at the Jureia Paleolagoon - one of the main groups of protected South Atlantic ecosystems. Geochemical evidences were used to identify anomalies from multi-proxy analyses of a paleolagoon sediment core. The anomalies of centennial scale were correlated to climate and transgression-regression cycles from the Holocene period. Decadal scale anomalous oscillations in the Quaternary paleolagoon sediments occur between 9400 and 7500 cal yr BP, correlated with long- and short-term natural events, which generated high sedimentation rates, mainly between 8385 and 8375 cal yr BP (10 cm/yr). Our results suggest that a modem-day short-duration North Atlantic climatic event, such as the 82 ka event, could affect the environmental equilibrium in South America and intensify the South American Summer Monsoon. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.