Panel 4: Transnational Memory of Mass Violence

Panel 4: Transnational Memory of Mass Violence Anne Waehrens, University of Copenhagen/Danish Institute for International Studies, Denmark: “Is There a Shared European memory? Holocaust Remembrance in the European Parliament after 1989" Download paper (login required) Ran Zwigenberg, City University of New York: “The Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March and the Globalization of Victimhood” Download paper (login required) Mark Zaurov, University of Hamburg, Germany: "The Current Situation of Human Rights for Deaf People with Respect to the Deaf Holocaust" Download paper (login required) Chair: Natalya Lazar and Jody Manning, Clark UniversityComment: Ken McLean, Clark University

Influence of beveling and ultrasound application on marginal adaptation of box-only Class II (slot) resin composite restorations

A laboratory study was performed to assess the influence of beveling the margins of cavities and the effects on marginal adaptation of the application of ultrasound during setting and initial light curing. After minimal access cavities had been prepared with an 80 microm diamond bur, 80 box-only Class II cavities were prepared mesially and distally in 40 extracted human molars using four different oscillating diamond coated instruments: (A) a U-shaped PCS insert as the non-beveled control (EMS), (B) Bevelshape (Intensiv), (C) SonicSys (KaVo) and (D) SuperPrep (KaVo). In groups B-D, the time taken for additional bevel finishing was measured. The cavities were filled with a hybrid composite material in three increments. Ultrasound was also applied to one cavity per tooth before and during initial light curing (10 seconds). The specimens were subjected to thermomechanical stress in a computer-controlled masticator device. Marginal quality was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and the results were compared statistically. The additional time required for finishing was B > D > C (p < or = 0.05). In all groups, thermomechanical loading resulted in a decrease in marginal quality. Beveling resulted in higher values for "continuous" margins compared with that of the unbeveled controls. The latter showed better marginal quality at the axial walls when ultrasound was used. Beveling seems essential for good marginal adaptation but requires more preparation time. The use of ultrasonic vibrations may improve the marginal quality of unbeveled fillings and warrants further investigation.

Study of and design procedure for dual circularly polarized waveguide slot arrays

For the past sixty years, waveguide slot radiator arrays have played a critical role in microwave radar and communication systems. They feature a well-characterized antenna element capable of direct integration into a low-loss feed structure with highly developed and inexpensive manufacturing processes. Waveguide slot radiators comprise some of the highest performance—in terms of side-lobe-level, efficiency, etc. — antenna arrays ever constructed. A wealth of information is available in the open literature regarding design procedures for linearly polarized waveguide slots. By contrast, despite their presence in some of the earliest published reports, little has been presented to date on array designs for circularly polarized (CP) waveguide slots. Moreover, that which has been presented features a classic traveling wave, efficiency-reducing beam tilt. This work proposes a unique CP waveguide slot architecture which mitigates these problems and a thorough design procedure employing widely available, modern computational tools. The proposed array topology features simultaneous dual-CP operation with grating-lobe-free, broadside radiation, high aperture efficiency, and good return loss. A traditional X-Slot CP element is employed with the inclusion of a slow wave structure passive phase shifter to ensure broadside radiation without the need for performance-limiting dielectric loading. It is anticipated this technology will be advantageous for upcoming polarimetric radar and Ka-band SatCom systems. The presented design methodology represents a philosophical shift away from traditional waveguide slot radiator design practices. Rather than providing design curves and/or analytical expressions for equivalent circuit models, simple first-order design rules – generated via parametric studies — are presented with the understanding that device optimization and design will be carried out computationally. A unit-cell, S-parameter based approach provides a sufficient reduction of complexity to permit efficient, accurate device design with attention to realistic, application-specific mechanical tolerances. A transparent, start-to-finish example of the design procedure for a linear sub-array at X-Band is presented. Both unit cell and array performance is calculated via finite element method simulations. Results are confirmed via good agreement with finite difference, time domain calculations. Array performance exhibiting grating-lobe-free, broadside-scanned, dual-CP radiation with better than 20 dB return loss and over 75% aperture efficiency is presented.

The Active Subjects of Welfare Reform: a Street-Level Comparison of Employment Services in Australia and Denmark

This paper explores the similarities and differences between Denmark and Australia in adopting welfare reform activation measures in the field of employment services. In Australia and Denmark the discourse of welfare reform centres the 'activation' of citizens through 'mutual obligation' type requirements. Through various forms of case management, unemployed individuals are encouraged to act upon themselves in creating the right set of ethical dispositions congruent with 'active citizenship'. At the same time any resistance to heightened conditionality on the part of the unemployed person is dealt with through a range of coercive and disciplinary techniques. A comparative case study between these two countries allows us to consider how similar ideas, discourse and principles are shaping policy implementation in countries that have very different welfare state trajectories and institutional arrangements for the delivery of social welfare generally and employment services specifically. And in research terms, a comparison between a Nordic welfare state and an Anglo-Saxon welfare state provides an opportunity to critically examine the utility of 'welfare regime' type analyses and the neo-liberal convergence thesis in comparative welfare research. On the basis of empirical analysis, the article concludes that a single focus on abstract typologies or political ideologies is not very helpful in getting the measure of welfare reform (or any other major policy development for that matter). At the 'street-level' of policy practice there is considerably more ambiguity, incoherence and contradiction than is suggested by linear accounts of welfare reform.

The verb slot in causative constructions. Finding the best fit

Using the technique of multiple distinctive collexeme analysis, this paper seeks to determine the verbs that are distinctively associated with the non-finite verb slot of English periphrastic causative constructions. Not only does the analysis reveal that the various causative constructions are attracted to essentially different verbs, but by examining how these verbs fall into semantic classes, it also hints at subtle differences in meaning between the constructions. In addition, the paper shows how the technique of multiple distinctive collexeme analysis can be usefully combined with other, complementary methods, and briefly discusses a number of factors which influence the results of multiple distinctive collexeme analysis and should therefore ideally be taken into account.