Stratégie d'enseignement portant sur l'utilisation de la fonction "AIDE" des logiciels et de ses composantes

Si on considère l'atteinte de l'autonomie comme étant un cheminement progressif, l'enseignante ou l'enseignant doit concevoir des stratégies d'apprentissage dans l'optique que ses interventions auprès des élèves deviennent de moins en moins fréquentes. On permet ainsi à ces derniers de prendre davantage le contrôle de leurs apprentissages et on réduit leur dépendance envers l'enseignant. Cette recherche porte sur le développement de l'autonomie dans l'utilisation des logiciels et présente une méthode d'enseignement sur l'utilisation de la fonction "Aide" des logiciels qui donne à l'élève des stratégies lui permettant d'être l'agent de son propre développement. De quelle manière pouvons-nous amener l'élève à utiliser l'"Aide" des logiciels, de façon stratégique, lorsqu'il doit se débrouiller par lui-même? La démarche de résolution de problèmes peut-elle lui être utile? Quelles sont les connaissances susceptibles de le mener graduellement vers la réussite et de le guider progressivement vers l'autonomie? Autant de questions auxquelles la recherche s'intéresse. Nous avons d'abord élaboré une stratégie d'enseignement, construit des instruments pour soutenir la démarche et conçu un modèle d'utilisation de la stratégie. Nous l'avons ensuite validée, par sa mise à l'essai auprès d'un groupe de neuf élèves et nous en avons, enfin, évalué les résultats. Différents instruments tels que grilles d'observation, questionnaires d'entrevue, fiches d'expérimentation, procéduriers et documents réalisés par les élèves ont permis de recueillir des données qui ont servi à l'évaluation de la stratégie. L'analyse de ces données révèle que la performance des élèves pour l'exécution des tâches s'est nettement améliorée après qu'on leur ait enseigné à utiliser la fonction "Aide" et révèle, également, qu'ils l'utilisent de façon plus adéquate. D'autres analyses confirment que le fait d'organiser une stratégie d'enseignement en fonction des catégories de connaissances (déclaratives, procédurales et conditionnelles) est un moyen de favoriser un meilleur engagement cognitif des élèves dans leurs apprentissages. La résolution de problèmes, démarche intégrée à la fiche d'expérimentation utilisée par ces derniers, a fourni un cadre pour utiliser leurs connaissances et préciser leurs stratégies. Les résultats obtenus permettent d'affirmer que les objectifs de la recherche ont été atteints. La mise en place d'activités complexes et variées a permis la construction du savoir stratégique. La démarche de résolution de problèmes a favorisé la réutilisation des connaissances dans différents contextes. Les modèles cognitiviste et constructiviste dont s'inspire la stratégie d'enseignement, ont incité les élèves à recourir à la fonction "Aide" ainsi qu'à leurs connaissances antérieures et à les associer à des contextes d'action où ils ont transféré leurs apprentissages de façon plus autonome. Enseigner à utiliser la fonction "Aide" des logiciels est une pratique qui devrait être intégrée dans les activités pédagogiques de toute enseignante ou enseignant désireux de développer l'autonomie de ses élèves dans l'utilisation de nouveaux logiciels. Cela doit, cependant, résulter d'une démarche structurée incluant des instruments élaborés de manière à induire chez les élèves, de façon progressive, un comportement les menant vers l'autonomie souhaitée.

Étude de la symbiose actinorhizienne chez l'aulne en présence de résidus miniers aurifères acidogènes

Les concentrations de métaux lourds retrouvées dans les sols augmentent considérablement depuis la révolution industrielle et s’accumulent quotidiennement dans la biosphère. Ces composés métalliques persisteront pendant plusieurs années au niveau des différents écosystèmes affectés et voyageront dans les chaînes alimentaires par bioaccumulation. Les activités humaines, telle que l’industrie minière contribuent activement à cette problématique environnementale. En effet, l’excavation minière perturbe la roche-mère et favorise l’oxydation des métaux lourds sulfurés qui, lentement, produiront de l’acide sulfurique. Cette acidification peut mobiliser les éléments métalliques stables en condition neutre ou alcaline. Ces phénomènes induisent la formation du drainage minier acide (DMA) qui peut contaminer les cours d’eau ou les nappes phréatiques à proximité. Plusieurs mines sont situées en Abitibi-Témiscamingue en raison de l’abondance de divers minerais dans la roche mère tels que l’or. Une importante quantité de déchets industriels est produite lors de l’excavation du minerai, dont les résidus miniers entreposés dans des bassins de rétention extérieurs. Ces bassins prennent de l’expansion quotidiennement autour du site minier substituant la place de la végétation saine et des territoires. Une mise en végétation des sites miniers du Québec est exigée depuis 1995 afin de redonner une apparence naturelle aux sites et limiter le phénomène d’érosion. Depuis 2013, un plan de réaménagement et de restauration des sites exploités est obligatoire selon la loi sur les mines. Ces bassins seront donc ciblés pour effectuer des essais de revégétalisation par l’entremise de plantes actinorhiziennes. Les plantes actinorhiziennes sont des végétaux robustes pouvant coloniser nombreux habitats perturbés et hostiles. L’aulne est une plante actinorhizienne pouvant établir une relation symbiotique avec l’actinobactérie fixatrice d’azote du genre Frankia. La symbiose actinorhizienne est une interaction équitablement profitable entre la plante et la bactérie. Cette symbiose repose sur la capacité de la bactérie à transformer, au niveau des nodules, l’azote atmosphérique en ammonium assimilable grâce à une enzyme spécifique, la nitrogénase. Lorsque la symbiose est bien établie, elle donnera un avantage significatif aux plantes pour leur développement et leur croissance, et ce, même dans un substrat pauvre en nutriments ou contaminé. En effet, la symbiose actinorhizienne permet d’améliorer la structure physicochimique d’un sol et de l’enrichir en azote grâce à la fixation de l’azote atmosphérique. Dans la région de l’Abitibi-Témiscamingue, la mine Doyon est une mine d’or qui détient des sols acidogènes contenant des traces non négligeables de métaux lourds. Ce projet de recherche en microbiologie environnementale avait comme objectif principal d’évaluer la capacité des aulnes rugueux et des aulnes crispés à coloniser des résidus miniers acidogènes aurifères (concentrations différentes de 0 %, 35 %, 65 % et 100 %) avec ou sans l’aide de Frankia. La dispersion des contaminants par les feuilles a aussi été étudiée afin d’évaluer le risque environnemental de l’utilisation des aulnes sur le terrain à des fins de revégétalisation. Les objectifs préliminaires avaient comme but d’évaluer la résistance, de manière individuelle, de la souche ACN10a du genre Frankia (par extrait aqueux) puis des espèces d’aulne aux résidus miniers non stérilisés. Par le fait même, la microflore des résidus miniers a été étudiée dans le but d’isoler des espèces symbiotiques d’endophytes écoadaptées aux conditions arides du site minier Doyon. Concernant les objectifs préliminaires, les résultats ont démontré que la souche ACN10a résiste bien jusqu’à 35 % d’extrait aqueux de résidus miniers de la mine Doyon. Pour les concentrations supérieures à 50 %, Frankia (souche ACN10a) a démontré une respiration cellulaire et des concentrations protéiques décroissantes en raison de la présence d’éléments toxiques biodisponibles dans l’extrait aqueux. Par ailleurs, les aulnes rugueux et crispés ont démontré une tolérance jusqu’à la concentration de 35 % de résidus miniers non stérilisés sans la présence de Frankia. Par la suite, les résultats d’isolement n’ont pas démontré la capacité des aulnes à recruter des bactéries symbiotiques à partir des résidus miniers de la mine Doyon. Concernant l’objectif principal, les résultats ont démontré que l’aulne rugueux résiste mieux que l’aulne crispé jusqu’aux concentrations de 35 % de résidus miniers lorsqu’inoculés en manifestant une meilleure biomasse sèche totale, une plus grande concentration de chlorophylle dans les feuilles et un plus grand nombre spécifique de nodules. L’établissement symbiotique a été affecté par la présence des résidus miniers acidogène révélant que le nombre de site d’infection racinaire diminuait en fonction des concentrations de résidus miniers croissantes (0 %, 35 %, 65 % et 100 %). Ensuite, une analyse des éléments chimiques des feuilles a démontré que le transfert des métaux lourds des résidus miniers vers les feuilles était minime. Les plantes révélant de hautes teneurs en métaux lourds dans leurs feuilles ont développé par le fait même, une faible biomasse aérienne limitant ainsi la dispersion de contaminants lors de la perte des feuilles à l’automne. Le modèle expérimental aulne-Frankia possédait un seuil de tolérance visible à la concentration de 35 % de résidus miniers acidogènes aurifères de la mine Doyon. De plus, la présence de la symbiose actinorhizienne a modulé la distribution de certains éléments chimiques dans les feuilles en comparaison avec les aulnes non-inoculés (molybdène, nickel). Puis, une similarité a été notée dans la composition chimique des feuilles d’aulnes inoculés s’étant développés dans 0 % (témoin positif) et 35 % de résidus miniers.

Il valore precettivo dei diritti sociali fondamentali previsti dal titolo IV della Carta

Il dibattito giuridico, politico ed economico in tema di protezione dei diritti sociali nel contesto del processo di integrazione europea risale alle origini stesse di tale processo. A circa dieci anni dall’attribuzione alla Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’UE dello stesso valore giuridico dei Trattati, sembra possibile tracciare un primo bilancio in termini di aspettative inverate ed aspettative non soddisfatte quanto alla giustiziabilità dei diritti sociali fondamentali contenuti nel Titolo IV direttamente o indirettamente al rapporto di impiego (articoli da 27 a 34). A questo fine, la tesi ha adottato una struttura tripartita capace di coniugare una metodologia di analisi pratica, in relazione alla giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia UE post Lisbona (Capitolo III), con un’analisi dal carattere maggiormente teorico-ricostruttivo (Capitoli I e II). La ricerca cerca di dimostrare come tanto i più interessanti sviluppi quanto i limiti registratisi nella giurisprudenza della CGUE (rispettivamente, l’efficacia diretta, anche orizzontale, di alcuni di essi negli ordinamenti nazionali, e la determinazione del loro ambito di applicazione e delle modalità di interazione con il diritto secondario e primario) possano essere meglio compresi tenendo in debito conto il percorso ed il significato di ciascuno di tali diritti nel contesto del processo di integrazione europea. In breve, si sostiene che la “costituzionalizzazione” dei diritti sociali in esame abbia certamente un “valore aggiunto” che, tuttavia, riflette la natura sui generis e le finalità dell’Unione, il sistema di riparto di competenze tra Stati membri e Unione, ed il significato ultimo del sistema UE di tutela dei diritti fondamentali. Ciò non toglie che questi caratteri, con il tempo, possano infine mutare.

[theoretical Construction In The Sociology Of Health: A Reflection On Its Trajectory].

The scope of this paper is to reflect on the theoretical construction in the constitution of the sociology of health, still called medical sociology in some countries. Two main ideas constitute the basis for this: interdisciplinarity and the degree of articulation in the fields of medicine and sociology. We sought to establish a dialogue with some dimensions - macro/micro, structure/action - that constitute the basis for understanding medicine/health in relation to the social/sociological dimension. The main aspects of these dimensions are initially presented. Straus' two medical sociologies and the theory/application impasses are then addressed, as well as the dilemmas of the sociology of medicine in the 1960s and 1970s. From these analyses the theoretical production before 1970 is placed as a counterpoint. Lastly, the sociology of health is seen in the general context of sociology, which underwent a fragmentation process from 1970 with effects in all subfields of the social sciences. This process involves a rethinking of the theoretical issues in a broadened spectrum of possibilities. The 1980s are highlighted when theoretical issues in the sociology of health are reinvigorated and the issue of interdisciplinarity is once again addressed.

Changes In Chromatin Structure In Nih 3t3 Cells Induced By Valproic Acid And Trichostatin A.

Valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) are known histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) with epigenetic activity that affect chromatin supra-organization, nuclear architecture, and cellular proliferation, particularly in tumor cells. In this study, chromatin remodeling with effects extending to heterochromatic areas was investigated by image analysis in non-transformed NIH 3T3 cells treated for different periods with different doses of VPA and TSA under conditions that indicated no loss of cell viability. Image analysis revealed chromatin decondensation that affected not only euchromatin but also heterochromatin, concomitant with a decreased activity of histone deacetylases and a general increase in histone H3 acetylation. Heterochromatin protein 1-α (HP1-α), identified immunocytochemically, was depleted from the pericentromeric heterochromatin following exposure to both HDACIs. Drastic changes affecting cell proliferation and micronucleation but not alteration in CCND2 expression and in ratios of Bcl-2/Bax expression and cell death occurred following a 48-h exposure of the NIH 3T3 cells particularly in response to higher doses of VPA. Our results demonstrated that even low doses of VPA (0.05 mM) and TSA (10 ng/ml) treatments for 1 h can affect chromatin structure, including that of the heterochromatin areas, in non-transformed cells. HP1-α depletion, probably related to histone demethylation at H3K9me3, in addition to the effect of VPA and TSA on histone H3 acetylation, is induced on NIH 3T3 cells. Despite these facts, alterations in cell proliferation and micronucleation, possibly depending on mitotic spindle defects, require a longer exposure to higher doses of VPA and TSA.

Perception Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons, Orthodontists And Laypersons In Relation To The Harmony Of The Smile.

Harmony is one of the main objectives in surgical and orthodontic treatment and this harmony must be present in the smile, as well as in the face. The aim of the present study was to assess the perceptions of professionals and laypersons in relation to the harmony of the smile of patients with or without vertical maxillary alterations. Sixty observers (oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons) reported the degree of harmony of six smiles using an objective questionnaire and the participants indicated if there was a need for corrective surgery or not. The classification of observers was recorded on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Mixed regression was used to determine differences between the three groups. Statistically significant differences were found only for the harmony of the smile between the oral and maxillofacial surgeons and laypersons, with laypersons being more critical when assessing the smile. There was no statistical difference between the other groups for the harmony of the smile or the indication of corrective surgery. The patterns of greater or lesser harmony determined by observers during the smile were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Laypersons had a tendency to be more critical in relation to facial harmony than surgeons, although no statistical differences were found in the other groups in relation to the harmony of the smile or indication for the corrective surgery. In addition, the patterns of greater or lesser harmony of the smile determined by the participants were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Overall, the present study demonstrates that adequate interaction between surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons is essential in order to achieve facial harmony with orthodontic and/or surgical treatment. Opinion of specialists and laypersons about the smile in relation to the vertical positioning of the maxilla.

Matrix Metalloproteinases And Left Ventricular Function And Structure In Spinal Cord Injured Subjects.

Subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, which has been reported to be attenuated by regular physical activity. This study investigated the relationship between circulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and echocardiographic parameters in SCI subjects and the role of physical activity in this regard. Forty-two men with SCI [19 sedentary (S-SCI) and 23 physically-active (PA-SCI)] were evaluated by clinical, anthropometric, laboratory, and echocardiographic analysis. Plasmatic pro-MMP-2, MMP-2, MMP-8, pro-MMP-9, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and zymography. PA-SCI subjects presented lower pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-2/TIMP-2 levels and improved markers of LV diastolic function (lower E/Em and higher Em and E/A values) than S-SCI ones. Bivariate analysis showed that pro-MMP-2 correlated inversely with Em and directly with E/Em, while MMP-9 correlated directly with LV mass index and LV end-diastolic diameter in the whole sample. Following multiple regression analysis, pro-MMP-2, but not physical activity, remained associated with Em, while MMP-9 was associated with LV mass index in the whole sample. These findings suggest differing roles for MMPs in LV structure and function regulation and an interaction among pro-MMP-2, diastolic function and physical activity in SCI subjects.

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves The Structure And Properties Of Scaffold-free Engineered Auricular Cartilage Constructs.

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create scaffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance of native auricular cartilage, the constructs displayed limited expression and poor localization of elastin. In the present study, the effect of growth factor supplementation (insulin, IGF-1, or TGF-β1) was investigated to stimulate elastogenesis as well as to improve overall tissue formation. Using rabbit auricular chondrocytes, bioreactor-cultivated constructs supplemented with either insulin or IGF-1 displayed increased deposition of cartilaginous ECM, improved mechanical properties, and thicknesses comparable to native auricular cartilage after 4 weeks of growth. Similarly, growth factor supplementation resulted in increased expression and improved localization of elastin, primarily restricted within the cartilaginous region of the tissue construct. Additional studies were conducted to determine whether scaffold-free engineered auricular cartilage constructs could be developed in the 3D shape of the external ear. Isolated auricular chondrocytes were grown in rapid-prototyped tissue culture molds with additional insulin or IGF-1 supplementation during bioreactor cultivation. Using this approach, the developed tissue constructs were flexible and had a 3D shape in very good agreement to the culture mold (average error <400 µm). While scaffold-free, engineered auricular cartilage constructs can be created with both the appropriate tissue structure and 3D shape of the external ear, future studies will be aimed assessing potential changes in construct shape and properties after subcutaneous implantation.

Ssr-based Genetic Diversity And Structure Of Garlic Accessions From Brazil.

Garlic is a spice and a medicinal plant; hence, there is an increasing interest in 'developing' new varieties with different culinary properties or with high content of nutraceutical compounds. Phenotypic traits and dominant molecular markers are predominantly used to evaluate the genetic diversity of garlic clones. However, 24 SSR markers (codominant) specific for garlic are available in the literature, fostering germplasm researches. In this study, we genotyped 130 garlic accessions from Brazil and abroad using 17 polymorphic SSR markers to assess the genetic diversity and structure. This is the first attempt to evaluate a large set of accessions maintained by Brazilian institutions. A high level of redundancy was detected in the collection (50 % of the accessions represented eight haplotypes). However, non-redundant accessions presented high genetic diversity. We detected on average five alleles per locus, Shannon index of 1.2, HO of 0.5, and HE of 0.6. A core collection was set with 17 accessions, covering 100 % of the alleles with minimum redundancy. Overall FST and D values indicate a strong genetic structure within accessions. Two major groups identified by both model-based (Bayesian approach) and hierarchical clustering (UPGMA dendrogram) techniques were coherent with the classification of accessions according to maturity time (growth cycle): early-late and midseason accessions. Assessing genetic diversity and structure of garlic collections is the first step towards an efficient management and conservation of accessions in genebanks, as well as to advance future genetic studies and improvement of garlic worldwide.

The Atomic Structure Of A Bare Buffer Layer On Sic(0001) Chemically Resolved.

A chemical-specific photoelectron diffraction structure determination of a carbon rich buffer layer on SiC is reported. In addition to the long-range ripple of this surface, a local buckling in the hexagonal sublattice, which breaks the local range order symmetry, was unraveled.

Crystal Structure Of (3e)-3-[(4-nitro-phen-oxy)-meth-yl]-4-phenyl-but-3-en-2-one.

In the title compound, C17H15NO4, the conformation about the C=C double bond [1.348 (2) Å] is E with the ketone group almost co-planar [C-C-C-C torsion angle = 7.2 (2)°] but the phenyl group twisted away [C-C-C-C = 160.93 (17)°]. The terminal aromatic rings are almost perpendicular to each other [dihedral angle = 81.61 (9)°] giving the mol-ecule an overall U-shape. The crystal packing feature benzene-C-H⋯O(ketone) contacts that lead to supra-molecular helical chains along the b axis. These are connected by π-π inter-actions between benzene and phenyl rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.6648 (14) Å], resulting in the formation of a supra-molecular layer in the bc plane.

Crystal Structure Of (3e)-3-(2,4-di-nitro-phen-oxy-meth-yl)-4-phenyl-but-3-en-2-one.

In the title compound, C17H14N2O6, the conformation about the C=C double bond [1.345 (2) Å] is E, with the ketone moiety almost coplanar [C-C-C-C torsion angle = 9.5 (2)°] along with the phenyl ring [C-C-C-C = 5.9 (2)°]. The aromatic rings are almost perpendicular to each other [dihedral angle = 86.66 (7)°]. The 4-nitro moiety is approximately coplanar with the benzene ring to which it is attached [O-N-C-C = 4.2 (2)°], whereas the one in the ortho position is twisted [O-N-C-C = 138.28 (13)°]. The mol-ecules associate via C-H⋯O inter-actions, involving both O atoms from the 2-nitro group, to form a helical supra-molecular chain along [010]. Nitro-nitro N⋯O inter-actions [2.8461 (19) Å] connect the chains into layers that stack along [001].

On The Consistency Of Monte Carlo Track Structure Dna Damage Simulations.

Monte Carlo track structures (MCTS) simulations have been recognized as useful tools for radiobiological modeling. However, the authors noticed several issues regarding the consistency of reported data. Therefore, in this work, they analyze the impact of various user defined parameters on simulated direct DNA damage yields. In addition, they draw attention to discrepancies in published literature in DNA strand break (SB) yields and selected methodologies. The MCTS code Geant4-DNA was used to compare radial dose profiles in a nanometer-scale region of interest (ROI) for photon sources of varying sizes and energies. Then, electron tracks of 0.28 keV-220 keV were superimposed on a geometric DNA model composed of 2.7 × 10(6) nucleosomes, and SBs were simulated according to four definitions based on energy deposits or energy transfers in DNA strand targets compared to a threshold energy ETH. The SB frequencies and complexities in nucleosomes as a function of incident electron energies were obtained. SBs were classified into higher order clusters such as single and double strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs) based on inter-SB distances and on the number of affected strands. Comparisons of different nonuniform dose distributions lacking charged particle equilibrium may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the effect of energy on relative biological effectiveness. The energy transfer-based SB definitions give similar SB yields as the one based on energy deposit when ETH ≈ 10.79 eV, but deviate significantly for higher ETH values. Between 30 and 40 nucleosomes/Gy show at least one SB in the ROI. The number of nucleosomes that present a complex damage pattern of more than 2 SBs and the degree of complexity of the damage in these nucleosomes diminish as the incident electron energy increases. DNA damage classification into SSB and DSB is highly dependent on the definitions of these higher order structures and their implementations. The authors' show that, for the four studied models, different yields are expected by up to 54% for SSBs and by up to 32% for DSBs, as a function of the incident electrons energy and of the models being compared. MCTS simulations allow to compare direct DNA damage types and complexities induced by ionizing radiation. However, simulation results depend to a large degree on user-defined parameters, definitions, and algorithms such as: DNA model, dose distribution, SB definition, and the DNA damage clustering algorithm. These interdependencies should be well controlled during the simulations and explicitly reported when comparing results to experiments or calculations.

Prostatic Angiogenic Responses In Late Life: Antiangiogenic Therapy Influences And Relation With The Glandular Microenvironment In The Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Of Mouse Prostate (tramp) Model.

Aging is considered one of the main predisposing factors for the development of prostate malignancies. Angiogenesis is fundamental for tumor growth and its inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Thus, we sought to determine angiogenic responses and the effects of antiangiogenic therapy in the mouse prostate during late life, comparing these findings with the prostatic microenvironment in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model. Male mice (52 week-old FVB) were submitted to treatments with SU5416 (6 mg/kg; i.p.) and/or TNP-470 (15 mg/kg; s.c.). Finasteride was administered (20 mg/kg; s.c.), alone or in association to both inhibitors. The dorsolateral prostate was collected for VEGF, HIF-1α, FGF-2 and endostatin immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analyses and for microvessel density (MVD) count. Senescence led to increased MVD and VEGF, HIF-1α and FGF-2 protein levels in the prostatic microenvironment, similarly to what was observed in TRAMP mice prostate. The angiogenic process was impaired in all the treated groups, demonstrating significantly decreased MVD. Antiangiogenic and/or finasteride treatments resulted in decreased VEGF and HIF-1α levels, especially following TNP-470 administration, either alone or associated to SU5416. The combination of these agents resulted in increased endostatin levels, regardless of the presence of finasteride. Prostatic angiogenesis stimulation during senescence favored the development of neoplastic lesions, considering the pro-angiogenic microenvironment as a common aspect also observed during cancer progression in TRAMP mice. The combined antiangiogenic therapy was more efficient, leading to enhanced imbalance towards angiogenic inhibition in the organ. Finally, finasteride administration might secondarily upregulate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, pointing to the harmful effects of this therapy. Prostate 75: 484-499, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Human Mitochondrial Hsp70 (mortalin): Shedding Light On Atpase Activity, Interaction With Adenosine Nucleotides, Solution Structure And Domain Organization.

The human mitochondrial Hsp70, also called mortalin, is of considerable importance for mitochondria biogenesis and the correct functioning of the cell machinery. In the mitochondrial matrix, mortalin acts in the importing and folding process of nucleus-encoded proteins. The in vivo deregulation of mortalin expression and/or function has been correlated with age-related diseases and certain cancers due to its interaction with the p53 protein. In spite of its critical biological roles, structural and functional studies on mortalin are limited by its insoluble recombinant production. This study provides the first report of the production of folded and soluble recombinant mortalin when co-expressed with the human Hsp70-escort protein 1, but it is still likely prone to self-association. The monomeric fraction of mortalin presented a slightly elongated shape and basal ATPase activity that is higher than that of its cytoplasmic counterpart Hsp70-1A, suggesting that it was obtained in the functional state. Through small angle X-ray scattering, we assessed the low-resolution structural model of monomeric mortalin that is characterized by an elongated shape. This model adequately accommodated high resolution structures of Hsp70 domains indicating its quality. We also observed that mortalin interacts with adenosine nucleotides with high affinity. Thermally induced unfolding experiments indicated that mortalin is formed by at least two domains and that the transition is sensitive to the presence of adenosine nucleotides and that this process is dependent on the presence of Mg2+ ions. Interestingly, the thermal-induced unfolding assays of mortalin suggested the presence of an aggregation/association event, which was not observed for human Hsp70-1A, and this finding may explain its natural tendency for in vivo aggregation. Our study may contribute to the structural understanding of mortalin as well as to contribute for its recombinant production for antitumor compound screenings.