Hacia un teatro decolonial o de la liberación: la propuesta teatral de Rafael Murillo Selva-Rendón

Rafael Murillo Selva-Rendón es un teatrista hondureño que viene realizando su trabajo desde hace 40 años casi en silencio y fuera del canon latinoamericano. Su propuesta parte de las comunidades y se realiza con actores “no profesionales” de esas mismas comunidades. En otras palabras varía los términos de la dramaturgia con la inversión de todo el discurso teatral tanto occidental como emancipador.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde do Idoso, na ESF Centro de Saúde Joana Paula de Oliveira, Rafael Godeiro-RN

Com a ocorrência da transição demográfica brasileira, tem se observado envelhecimento rápido da população. Nos últimos anos, políticas públicas de saúde têm sido desenvolvidas e implementadas, com intuito de contribuir no aumento da qualidade de vida e expectativa da população. A equipe saúde da família escolheu foco de intervenção na atenção à saúde do idoso. Indivíduos ativos e saudáveis é o grande desafio a ser enfrentado nesse processo. Os trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) necessitam estar preparados para prestar serviços de saúde de qualidade para os usuários dessa faixa etária, de forma diferenciada e eficaz, reduzindo carga de morbimortalidade e hospitalizações evitáveis a partir da mudança de hábitos no cotidiano dos indivíduos. Se considerarmos saúde de forma ampliada torna-se necessária alguma mudança no contexto atual em direção à produção de um ambiente social e cultural mais favorável para população idosa. Alcançamos a meta de cobertura da atenção à saúde dos idosos, na Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) que atuo, com 81,2%. Além disso, atingimos 100% das metas de qualidade, com destaque a realização do exame clínico apropriado das consultas, conforme preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde, realização da visita domiciliar dos idosos acamados ou com problemas de locomoção cadastrados durante o projeto de intervenção. Uma das fragilidades identificadas no período da intervenção foi à falta do monitoramento da saúde bucal dos idosos adstritos na UBS, pois a maioria deles não faz acompanhamento regular pelo odontólogo, o que favorece o surgimento de patologias dentárias nessa faixa etária, O objetivo deste trabalho foi melhorar a atenção à saúde do idoso na UBS Centro de saúde Joana Paula de Oliveira, no município de Rafael Godeiro-RN, com o intuito de ampliar a cobertura à saúde do idoso e melhorar as ações e serviços de saúde desses usuários.

Qualificando as ações de atenção à saúde das crianças, de zero a 72 meses, na UBS San Rafael, Ibaiti-PR

Devido à incidência de grandes variações no crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança, o reconhecimento precoce dessas alterações gera circunstâncias favoráveis ao correto crescimento, e pleno desenvolvimento da criança, o que reflete na saúde integral do organismo. O estudo apresentado é referente ao projeto de intervenção realizado na Unidade Básica de Saúde do Jardim San Rafael, no município de Ibaiti-PR, com o objetivo de melhorar a atenção à saúde da criança. Intervir na saúde da criança é construir um alicerce, para no futuro gerarmos indivíduos saudáveis, onde muitos problemas podem ser evitados e controlados, através da prevenção e da promoção da saúde. A população alvo foi constituída por todas as crianças na faixa etária entre zero e 72 meses residentes na área de abrangência da unidade, na qual atuo como odontóloga. As ações aconteceram após a análise situacional que permitiu visualizar o panorama de saúde no município de Ibaiti, bem como a estrutura física e de processos de trabalho da Unidade Básica de Saúde San Rafael. A equipe foi capacitada para implantar as ações para ampliar a cobertura do programa de puericultura com saúde bucal, melhorar a adesão ao programa, melhorar a qualidade do atendimento às crianças, melhorar o registro das informações, mapear as crianças de risco e promover a saúde. Para o registro das ações foi utilizado uma ficha-espelho, construídas para este fim, e para alcançar o objetivo de promover a saúde, várias atividades educativas na escola, centro municipal de educação infantil e casa lar, foram realizadas ao longo das dezesseis semanas de intervenção. As ações por eixos de monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação da prática clínica foram trabalhadas na intervenção. Avaliando os resultados foi possível observar um aumento na cobertura do programa de 85%, ou seja, no início da intervenção havia 18 (13,4%) crianças cadastradas, este número subiu para 132 (98,5%) ao final do quarto mês. A intervenção permitiu alcançar bons resultados em todos os indicadores, comprovando que as ações em saúde pública podem ser eficientes e benéficas para a população. Enfatizando a importância de nossos serviços como profissionais da saúde da rede pública, gerando o bem estar da comunidade. O estudo promoveu a motivação dos profissionais para organizar as ações e prestar serviços de melhor qualidade.

Melhoria na Prevenção do Câncer de Colo de Útero e Câncer de Mama na UBS/ESF Rafael Fernandes, Em Rafael Fernandes/RN

Os cânceres de colo de útero e de mama constituem um importante problema de saúde mundial. No Brasil, são estimados 52.680 casos novos de câncer de mama feminino e 17.540 casos novos de câncer do colo do útero por ano. Partindo-se desse pressuposto, é imprescindível a incorporação da perspectiva de gênero na análise do perfil epidemiológico e no planejamento de ações de saúde, que tenham como objetivo promover a melhoria das condições de vida, a igualdade e os direitos de cidadania da mulher. A intervenção teve como objetivo melhorar a qualidade do atendimento dos programas de prevenção precoce de câncer de colo de útero e câncer de mama na UBS Centro de Saúde Rafael Fernandes. A mesma ocorreu do mês de janeiro ao mês de abril do ano 2015. Foi implementada durante 12 semanas com a participação dos profissionais das duas equipes da UBS em ações de qualificação da prática clínica, gestão do serviço, monitoramento e avaliação e engajamento público. Antes da intervenção não existiam na UBS registros destas ações. Através desta, aumentou-se a cobertura do programa de prevenção precoce de câncer de colo de útero para 50,6% com 100% das amostras coletadas de citopatológico satisfatórias, e da cobertura do programa de prevenção precoce de câncer de mama para 53,7%. Foram elaborados os arquivos específicos para estas ações programáticas e preenchidas as fichas espelho respectivas a cada usuária assim como avaliados os fatores de risco de câncer de mama e pesquisados os sinais de alarme de câncer de colo de útero em 100% das usuárias avaliadas. Também foram oferecidas orientações sobre a prevenção dos cânceres e das DTS às usuárias e a comunidade. A intervenção teve grande importância no contexto da UBS já que permitiu aumentar a cobertura de detecção precoce dos cânceres de colo de útero e de mama das mulheres das mulheres alvo desta ação programática. Também permitiu capacitar a todos os integrantes da equipe com os protocolos de atuação fortalecendo o trabalho interdisciplinar além de ser uma primeira experiência para implementar os demais protocolos da Atenção Básica na UBS.

Mechanisms Predisposing Penile Fracture And Long-term Outcomes On Erectile And Voiding Functions.

Purpose. To determine the mechanisms predisposing penile fracture as well as the rate of long-term penile deformity and erectile and voiding functions. Methods. All fractures were repaired on an emergency basis via subcoronal incision and absorbable suture with simultaneous repair of eventual urethral lesion. Patients' status before fracture and voiding and erectile functions at long term were assessed by periodic follow-up and phone call. Detailed history included cause, symptoms, and single-question self-report of erectile and voiding functions. Results. Among the 44 suspicious cases, 42 (95.4%) were confirmed, mean age was 34.5 years (range: 18-60), mean follow-up 59.3 months (range 9-155). Half presented the classical triad of audible crack, detumescence, and pain. Heterosexual intercourse was the most common cause (28 patients, 66.7%), followed by penile manipulation (6 patients, 14.3%), and homosexual intercourse (4 patients, 9.5%). Woman on top was the most common heterosexual position (n = 14, 50%), followed by doggy style (n = 8, 28.6%). Four patients (9.5%) maintained the cause unclear. Six (14.3%) patients had urethral injury and two (4.8%) had erectile dysfunction, treated by penile prosthesis and PDE-5i. No patient showed urethral fistula, voiding deterioration, penile nodule/curve or pain. Conclusions. Woman on top was the potentially riskiest sexual position (50%). Immediate surgical treatment warrants long-term very low morbidity.

The Crosslinking Degree Controls The Mechanical, Rheological, And Swelling Properties Of Hyaluronic Acid Microparticles.

Viscosupplements, used for treating joint and cartilage diseases, restore the rheological properties of synovial fluid, regulate joint homeostasis and act as scaffolds for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Most viscosupplements are hydrogels composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) microparticles suspended in fluid HA. These microparticles are crosslinked with chemicals to assure their stability against enzyme degradation and to prolong the action of the viscosupplement. However, the crosslinking also modifies the mechanical, swelling and rheological properties of the HA microparticle hydrogels, with consequences on the effectiveness of the application. The aim of this study is to correlate the crosslinking degree (CD) with these properties to achieve modulation of HA/DVS microparticles through CD control. Because divinyl sulfone (DVS) is the usual crosslinker of HA in viscosupplements, we examined the effects of CD by preparing HA microparticles at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1 HA/DVS mass ratios. The CD was calculated from inductively coupled plasma spectrometry data. HA microparticles were previously sized to a mean diameter of 87.5 µm. Higher CD increased the viscoelasticity and the extrusion force and reduced the swelling of the HA microparticle hydrogels, which also showed Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and were classified as covalent weak. The hydrogels were not cytotoxic to fibroblasts according to an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2014.

Genetic Aspects Of Athletic Performance: The African Runners Phenomenon.

The current dominance of African runners in long-distance running is an intriguing phenomenon that highlights the close relationship between genetics and physical performance. Many factors in the interesting interaction between genotype and phenotype (eg, high cardiorespiratory fitness, higher hemoglobin concentration, good metabolic efficiency, muscle fiber composition, enzyme profile, diet, altitude training, and psychological aspects) have been proposed in the attempt to explain the extraordinary success of these runners. Increasing evidence shows that genetics may be a determining factor in physical and athletic performance. But, could this also be true for African long-distance runners? Based on this question, this brief review proposed the role of genetic factors (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, the Y chromosome, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the alpha-actinin-3 genes) in the amazing athletic performance observed in African runners, especially the Kenyans and Ethiopians, despite their environmental constraints.

Reduced Insulin Clearance And Lower Insulin-degrading Enzyme Expression In The Liver Might Contribute To The Thrifty Phenotype Of Protein-restricted Mice.

Nutrient restriction during the early stages of life usually leads to alterations in glucose homeostasis, mainly insulin secretion and sensitivity, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders in adulthood. Despite growing evidence regarding the importance of insulin clearance during glucose homeostasis in health and disease, no information exists about this process in malnourished animals. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of a nutrient-restricted diet on insulin clearance using a model in which 30-d-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a protein-restricted diet for 14 weeks. After this period, we evaluated many metabolic variables and extracted pancreatic islet, liver, gastrocnemius muscle (GCK) and white adipose tissue samples from the control (normal-protein diet) and restricted (low-protein diet, LP) mice. Insulin concentrations were determined using RIA and protein expression and phosphorylation by Western blot analysis. The LP mice exhibited lower body weight, glycaemia, and insulinaemia, increased glucose tolerance and altered insulin dynamics after the glucose challenge. The improved glucose tolerance could partially be explained by an increase in insulin sensitivity through the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor/protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the liver, whereas the changes in insulin dynamics could be attributed to reduced insulin secretion coupled with reduced insulin clearance and lower insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) expression in the liver and GCK. In summary, protein-restricted mice not only produce and secrete less insulin, but also remove and degrade less insulin. This phenomenon has the double benefit of sparing insulin while prolonging and potentiating its effects, probably due to the lower expression of IDE in the liver, possibly with long-term consequences.

Feasibility And Reproducibility Of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Fetal Brain In Twin-twin Transfusion Syndrome.

The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and reproducibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) evaluations of the fetal brains in cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). From May 2011 to June 2012, 24 patients with severe TTTS underwent MRI scans for evaluation of the fetal brains. Datasets were analyzed offline on axial DW images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps by two radiologists. The subjective evaluation was described as the absence or presence of water diffusion restriction. The objective evaluation was performed by the placement of 20-mm(2) circular regions of interest on the DW image and ADC maps. Subjective interobserver agreement was assessed by the kappa correlation coefficient. Objective intraobserver and interobserver agreements were assessed by proportionate Bland-Altman tests. Seventy-four DW-MRI scans were performed. Sixty of them (81.1%) were considered to be of good quality. Agreement between the radiologists was 100% for the absence or presence of diffusion restriction of water. For both intraobserver and interobserver agreement of ADC measurements, proportionate Bland-Altman tests showed average percentage differences of less than 1.5% and 95% CI of less than 18% for all sites evaluated. Our data demonstrate that DW-MRI evaluation of the fetal brain in TTTS is feasible and reproducible.

Bile And Liver Metallothionein Behavior In Copper-exposed Fish.

The present study analyzed metallothionein (MT) excretion from liver to bile in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sub-lethal copper concentrations (2mgL(-1)) in a laboratory setting. MTs in liver and bile were quantified by spectrophotometry after thermal incubation and MT metal-binding profiles were characterized by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS (SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS). Results show that liver MT is present in approximately 250-fold higher concentrations than bile MT in non-exposed fish. Differences between the MT profiles from the control and exposed group were observed for both matrices, indicating differential metal-binding behavior when comparing liver and bile MT. This is novel data regarding intra-organ MT comparisons, since differences between organs are usually present only with regard to quantification, not metal-binding behavior. Bile MT showed statistically significant differences between the control and exposed group, while the same did not occur with liver MT. This indicates that MTs synthesized in the liver accumulate more slowly than MTs excreted from liver to bile, since the same fish presented significantly higher MT levels in liver when compared to bile. We postulate that bile, although excreted in the intestine and partially reabsorbed by the same returning to the liver, may also release MT-bound metals more rapidly and efficiently, which may indicate an efficient detoxification route. Thus, we propose that the analysis of bile MTs to observe recent metal exposure may be more adequate than the analysis of liver MTs, since organism responses to metals are more quickly observed in bile, although further studies are necessary.

Characterization Of Morphology And Composition Of Inorganic Fillers In Dental Alginates.

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h. The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology.

Determination Of Flavanones In Orange Juices Obtained From Different Sources By Hplc/dad.

Flavanones (hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, and poncirin) in industrial, hand-squeezed orange juices and from fresh-in-squeeze machines orange juices were determined by HPLC/DAD analysis using a previously described liquid-liquid extraction method. Method validation including the accuracy was performed by using recovery tests. Samples (36) collected from different Brazilian locations and brands were analyzed. Concentrations were determined using an external standard curve. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) calculated were 0.0037, 1.87, 0.0147, and 0.0066 mg 100 g(-1) and 0.0089, 7.84, 0.0302, and 0.0200 mg 100 g(-1) for naringin, hesperidin, poncirin, and naringenin, respectively. The results demonstrated that hesperidin was present at the highest concentration levels, especially in the industrial orange juices. Its average content and concentration range were 69.85 and 18.80-139.00 mg 100 g(-1). The other flavanones showed the lowest concentration levels. The average contents and concentration ranges found were 0.019, 0.01-0.30, and 0.12 and 0.1-0.17, 0.13, and 0.01-0.36 mg 100 g(-1), respectively. The results were also evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis technique which showed that poncirin, naringenin, and naringin were the principal elements that contributed to the variability in the sample concentrations.

Two-component System Vicrk Regulates Functions Associated With Establishment Of Streptococcus Sanguinis In Biofilms.

Streptococcus sanguinis is a commensal pioneer colonizer of teeth and an opportunistic pathogen of infectious endocarditis. The establishment of S. sanguinis in host sites likely requires dynamic fitting of the cell wall in response to local stimuli. In this study, we investigated the two-component system (TCS) VicRK in S. sanguinis (VicRKSs), which regulates genes of cell wall biogenesis, biofilm formation, and virulence in opportunistic pathogens. A vicK knockout mutant obtained from strain SK36 (SKvic) showed slight reductions in aerobic growth and resistance to oxidative stress but an impaired ability to form biofilms, a phenotype restored in the complemented mutant. The biofilm-defective phenotype was associated with reduced amounts of extracellular DNA during aerobic growth, with reduced production of H2O2, a metabolic product associated with DNA release, and with inhibitory capacity of S. sanguinis competitor species. No changes in autolysis or cell surface hydrophobicity were detected in SKvic. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and promoter sequence analyses revealed that VicR directly regulates genes encoding murein hydrolases (SSA_0094, cwdP, and gbpB) and spxB, which encodes pyruvate oxidase for H2O2 production. Genes previously associated with spxB expression (spxR, ccpA, ackA, and tpK) were not transcriptionally affected in SKvic. RT-qPCR analyses of S. sanguinis biofilm cells further showed upregulation of VicRK targets (spxB, gbpB, and SSA_0094) and other genes for biofilm formation (gtfP and comE) compared to expression in planktonic cells. This study provides evidence that VicRKSs regulates functions crucial for S. sanguinis establishment in biofilms and identifies novel VicRK targets potentially involved in hydrolytic activities of the cell wall required for these functions.

Microsatellite Loci For Orthophytum Ophiuroides (bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae) Species Adapted To Neotropical Rock Outcrops.

• Microsatellite primers were developed for Orthophytum ophiuroides, a rupicolous bromeliad species endemic to neotropical rocky fields. These microsatellite loci will be used to investigate population differentiation and species cohesion in such fragmented environments. The loci were tested for cross-amplification in related bromeliad species. • Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from an enriched library of O. ophiuroides. The loci were tested on 42 individuals from two populations of this species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to nine and the expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.167 to 0.870 and from 0.369 to 0.958, respectively. Seven loci successfully amplified in other related bromeliad species. • Our results suggest that the microsatellite loci developed here will be useful to assess genetic diversity and gene flow in O. ophiuroides for the investigation of population differentiation and species cohesion in neotropical mountainous habitats.

Effect Of Composite Containing An Iodonium Salt On The Bond Strength Of Brackets To Bovine Enamel.

This study investigated the effect of the incorporation of an iodonium salt in experimental composites, on the bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to bovine teeth. Two hundred and seventy bovine teeth were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and divided into 18 groups (n=15), according to the experimental composite with an iodonium salt at molar concentrations 0 (control), 0.5, or 1%; the light-activation times (8, 20 and 40 s); and the storage times (10 min or 24 h). Metallic brackets were fixed on the tooth surface using experimental composites. Photoactivation was performed with a quartz-tungsten-halogen light-curing unit curing unit for 8, 20 and 40 s. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 10 min or 24 h and submitted to bond strength test at 0.5 mm/min. The data were subjected to three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was used to classify the failure modes. The shear bond strengths (MPa) at 10 min for light-activation times of 8, 20 and 40 s were: G1 - 4.6, 6.9 and 7.1; G2 - 8.1, 9.2 and 9.9; G3 - 9.1, 10.4 and 10.7; and at 24 h were: G1 - 10.9, 11.1 and 11.7; G2 - 11.8, 12.7 and 14.2; G3 - 12.1, 14.4 and 15.8. There was a predominance of ARI score 3 for groups with 10 min storage time, and ARI score 2 for groups with 24 h storage time. In conclusion, the addition of iodonium salt (C05 and C1) to the experimental composite may increase the bond strength of brackets to bovine enamel using reduced light exposure times.