Una mujer libre en Don Quijote de la Mancha : Libertad, opresión y rebelión en la historia de Marcela y Grisóstomo - un análisis del feminismo

Esta tesina tiene como objetivo considerar la historia de Marcela y Grisóstomo desde una perspectiva feminista en la obra de Miguel de Cervantes El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha. La investigación se enfocará en la situación de Marcela y su voluntad de poder decidir sobre su propia vida y su destino. Como ayuda a nuestra investigación nos apoyaremos en reconocidos teóricos literarios feministas que nos ayudarán a analizar la imagen estereotipada de la mujer, entre ellos Simone de Beauvoir. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido investigar el personaje de Marcela y la visión estereotipada de la mujer en ese momento concreto, y buscar la respuesta al porqué de su manera de actuar. En el trabajo también hemos querido investigar si Marcela fue una víctima de la visión patriarcal existente y si se deja regir por las normas y expectativas de la sociedad de su época. Como resultado de nuestra investigación podremos afirmar que Marcela sí fue una víctima del sistema patriarcal y, pese a no ser un ejemplo representativo de la imagen de la mujer en aquel momento, fue juzgada por los hombres y por la sociedad. También hemos podido demostrar cómo los hombres y la sociedad reaccionaron durante esa época a la elección de Marcela

Il bilinguismo negli Stati Uniti: il fenomeno dello spanglish e il Don Quijote di Ilan Stavans

L'elaborato ha come oggetto lo Spanglish, lingua ibrida nata in seguito al bilinguismo negli Stati Uniti. L'elaborato, in particolare, propone un'analisi di tale fenomeno a partire dalle origini fino a giungere alla discussa traduzione del Don Quijote de La Mancha per mano di Ilan Stavans.

Post tenebras spero lucem : Alquimia y ritos en el Quijote y otras obras cervantinas

This study focuses on two areas: alchemy (Part I) and rituals of initiation (Part II) in the works of Miguel de Cervantes, focusing on Don Quijote de la Mancha as my main case study. The first part analyses the function of alchemy and how it can be interpreted throughout the works and various literary genres of Cervantes. It will demonstrate that the texts of Cervantes contain both explicit and implicit allusions to, as well as different aspects of alchemy, such as operative and spiritual alchemy and how these are ultimately used by Cervantes as a means of expression. The author draws from this rich source and modifies these means of expression in order to achieve various results: sometimes with wit or in relation to fraud; at other times it focuses on inner alchemy relating to chivalry in what I have called spiritual chivalry, which has the aim of self-improvement and ultimately, gnosis. Regarding the chivalric rituals of initiation, according to this investigation chivalry serves as both satire and representation of the alchemical process in the case of Don Quijote, which finds its key moments during the rituals. In this sense alchemy and chivalry are studied as two sides of the same coin, in which the search for something higher, an object (the philosopher stone, the beloved), subjects the protagonist to continuous transmutations and puts him in contact with the transitory, that is, liminal states, people and spaces. From this perspective Don Quixote de la Mancha is built upon liminal poetics. My approach, which follows the tenets of analogical hermeneutics, is included within the framework of the Western Esotericism Studies. The 16th and 17th centuries were a fertile age for alchemy throughout Europe. In Spain, alchemy and other esoteric disciplines co-existed with the Spanish Inquisition and its body for the control of ideas and texts: censorship. By being ambiguous and putting into dialogue different ideas of alchemy, Cervantes not only allowed readers to reach their own conclusions, he also protected his work from censorship.

Teoría y praxis de la dispositio: el discurso de Marcela en el Quijote de Cervantes

LIT

La paradoja del creador en el Quijote. /

Sabemos que la propuesta estética del Quijote es parodiar los libros de caballerías: “todo él es una inventiva contra los libros de caballerías” para “deshacer su autoridad y cabida” (1Q, Prólogo). Pero la puesta en escena de este procedimiento paródico sirve para activar en el texto una serie de programas que reivindica proyectos y propósitos político, ético y estético que dan al traste con lo esperado por su creador: la lucha contra los monstruos de la razón y la percepción estática del mundo se mezcla con la lucha por los menesterosos, huérfanos y desfavorecidos de la sociedad y con la oferta de una literatura que, en lugar de edificar y adoctrinar, recupere y promueva todas la facultades de sus lectores imaginativos y creativos. De querer “poner en aborrecimiento de los hombres las fingidas y disparatadas historias de los libros de caballerías” (2Q, 74), el Quijote se ha convertido en símbolo de la libertad, de la imaginación y de la creatividad en una sociedad dominada por el racionalismo positivista y mercantilista2: el querer hacernos abominar los textos que dieron origen a la utopía de Alonso Quijana nos ha devuelto y dejado con la misma utopía de devolverle al mundo esa otra parte que le ha sido negada por quienes sólo exigen pruebas tangibles, sonantes y contantes.

La estructuración circular cordura - locura - cordura : en el Quijote

Presenta un análisis crítico sobre la locura y cordura de El Quijote, hace referencia a la crítica literaria especializada en llamar loco a Don Quijote.

La proyección de la locura en El hombre perdido, de Ramón Gómez de la Serna. Conexiones con el Quijote (revelaciones inéditas)

En este ensayo se estudiará el tema de la locura en El hombre perdido, tal como queda de manifiesto desde varios puntos de vista en la novela, publicada en pleno desarrollo y consolidación del existencialismo. La locura es parte íntegra y obsesiva de la psicología del protagonista y de numerosos personajes, cuya manifestación aparece a menudo en forma de «proyección», utilizando el término acuñado por Freud. Se entablarán conexiones evidentes con el Quijote, ficción que el mismo Gómez de la Serna tenía presente cuando escribió El hombre perdido, por lo que se estudiarán paralelismos concluyentes en torno a la presencia de la locura y otros aspectos entre ambos textos. Por último, se transcribirán los comentarios que aluden a la locura en los manuscritos inéditos de Gómez de la Serna, que se encuentran en la Biblioteca Hillman, de la Universidad de Pittsburgh, que evidencian el interés, defensa y preocupación que el autor demuestra por dicho tema.

Warfare in the West Highlands and Isles of Scotland, c. 1544-1615

Warfare has long been associated with Scottish Highlanders and Islanders, especially in the period known in Gaelic tradition as ‘Linn nan Creach’ (the ‘Age of Forays’), which followed the forfeiture of the Lordship of the Isles in 1493. The sixteenth century in general is remembered as a particularly tumultuous time within the West Highlands and Isles, characterised by armed conflict on a seemingly unprecedented scale. Relatively little research has been conducted into the nature of warfare however, a gap filled by this thesis through its focus on a series of interconnected themes and in-depth case studies spanning the period c. 1544-1615. It challenges the idea that the sixteenth century and early seventeenth century was a time of endless bloodshed, and explores the rationale behind the distinctive mode of warfare practised in the West Highlands and Isles. The first part of the thesis traces the overall ‘Process of War’. Chapter 1 focuses on the mentality of the social elite in the West Highlands and Isles and demonstrates that warfare was not their raison d'être, but was tied inextricably to chiefs’ prime responsibility of protecting their lands and tenants. Chapter 2 assesses the causation of warfare and reveals that a recurrent catalyst for armed conflict was the assertion of rights to land and inheritance. There were other important causes however, including clan expectation, honour culture, punitive government policies, and the use of proxy warfare by prominent magnates. Chapter 3 takes a fresh approach to the military capacity of the region through analysis of armies and soldiers, and the final thematic chapter tackles the conduct of warfare in the West Highlands and Isles, with analysis of the tactics and strategy of militarised personnel. The second part of this thesis comprises five case studies: the Clanranald, 1544-77; the Colquhouns of Luss and the Lennox, 1592-1603; the MacLeods of Harris and MacDonalds of Sleat, 1594-1601; the Camerons, 1569-1614; and the ‘Islay Rising’, 1614-15. This thesis adopts a unique approach by contextualising the political background of warfare in order to instil a deeper understanding of why early modern Gaelic Scots resorted to bloodshed. Overall, this period was defined by a sharp rise in military activity, followed by an even sharper decline, a trajectory that will be evidenced vividly in the final case study on the ‘Islay Rising’. Although warfare was widespread, it was not unrestrained or continuous, and the traditional image of a region riven by perpetual bloodshed has been greatly exaggerated.

El Quijote desde nosotros /

Reseña de el libro el Quijote entre nosotros publicado en La Nación

Don Quijote y la retórica: una lectura desde las argumentaciones del protagonista

Este trabajo propone un análisis de las intervenciones de don Quijote como fuente principal para la interpretación de la obra cervantina y con la Retórica como disciplina que aporta los mecanismos de construcción de las argumentaciones del caballero. En relación con el objetivo perseguido se ha respetado la pauta dictada por la Re-tórica que destacaba la naturaleza persuasiva del discurso cuya finalidad era: convencer al receptor acerca de una postura determinada, por medio de un lenguaje estéticamente trabajado y de una modalidad textual argumentativa. Los discursos de don Quijote han sido comentados teniendo en cuenta el horizonte pragmático de la obra, que señalaba la línea de planteamiento que debía ser seguida por el personaje con la finalidad de dar respuesta tanto a su intención como al contexto de producción y al referente al que se destinaban las disertaciones del protagonista. Este análisis también ha considerado la naturaleza literaria del texto que individualizaba los discursos en función de sus características estéticas particulares. La lectura atenta de la obra ha sido el punto de partida del trabajo, de modo que a partir de su totalidad se han seleccionado, siguiendo el orden de aparición, aquellos razo-namientos del personaje fundamentales por exponer las pautas de su actuación y la inten-ción que perseguía en cada momento del texto. Este método de análisis nos ha permitido descubrir la solidez de los razonamientos de don Quijote, ya que, sin obviar su naturaleza enajenada, todas sus manifestaciones resultan ser absolutamente coherentes con la deci-sión tomada al inicio del texto y con el devenir de su actuación: su deseo de ser caballero. La relación entre el corpus de textos revisados y la totalidad a la que pertenecen ha sido fundamental para justificar los cambios de actuación del personaje que responden al sentido general del texto y a la incidencia que tiene en el sentir del caballero tanto la asunción de las aventuras y su resultado como la presencia y los juicios de los otros per-sonajes que se encuentra en su camino...

Miguel Sawa y la Revista "Don Quijote" (1892-1903)

In late 19th century and early 20th coexisted in time in Spain a lot of writers, many of them well known today, but many others who haven’t been rescued yet. This stage has been called the Silver Age of Spanish literature. Among the best known and most representative of Madrid’s bohemian characters were the Sawa brothers: Manuel, Alejandro, Miguel and Enrique. All of them had related to the literature or journalism, in greater or lesser extent, and were very significant figures in their time. Alejandro, who reached a high literary level, has recently been subject of various studies and biographies which have located him in his place as a outstanding writer, rescuing him from forgetting where he remained sunk until a few decades ago. But it has not happened the same with the rest of the brothers, especially with Miguel, who was also a writer. The object of the first part of this thesis is to recover the figure of the Miguel Sawa, rebuilding his biography and both journalistic and literary career. Miguel Sawa, belonging to the so-called generation of literarian bohemia, born in Seville in 1866. After moving with his family to Málaga, where he spent his childhood, settled definitively in Madrid in 1880. In Madrid lived the atmosphere of the newspapers offices and the literarian gatherings of the “cafes”. He was a friend of Valle Inclán, the Machado brothers, the Baroja brothers, and belonged to the “Gente Nueva” and to the Germinal generation. In 1901 he married María Palacio, with whom he had a son, Emilio, who died before completing one year of life, and a daughter, Carmen, who had five years when Sawa died. After spending a season in La Coruña, as director of the newspaper La Voz de Galicia, returned to Madrid at the beginning of 1910, ready to continue his literary career, but died suddenly on 1 October of that same year because of a fulminant pneumonia...

Synthesis and characterization of K2Ca5(SO4)6· H2O, the equivalent of görgeyite, a rare evaporite mineral

Görgeyite, K2Ca5(SO4)6··H2O, is a very rare monoclinic double salt found in evaporites related to the slightly more common mineral syngenite. At 1 atmosphere with increasing external temperature from 25 to 150 °C, the following succession of minerals was formed: first gypsum and K2O, followed at 100 °C by görgeyite. Changes in concentration at 150 °C due to evaporation resulted in the formation of syngenite and finally arcanite. Under hydrothermal conditions, the succession is syngenite at 50 °C, followed by görgyeite at 100 and 150 °C. Increasing the synthesis time at 100 °C and 1 atmosphere showed that initially gypsum was formed, later being replaced by görgeyite. Finally görgeyite was replaced by syngenite, indicating that görgeyite is a metastable phase under these conditions. Under hydrothermal conditions, syngenite plus a small amount of gypsum was formed, after two days being replaced by görgeyite. No further changes were observed with increasing time. Pure görgeyite showed elongated crystals approximately 500 to 1000 µ m in length. The infrared and Raman spectra are mainly showing the vibrational modes of the sulfate groups and the crystal water (structural water). Water is characterized by OH-stretching modes at 3526 and 3577 cm–1 , OH-bending modes at 1615 and 1647 cm–1 , and an OH-libration mode at 876 cm–1 . The sulfate 1 mode is weak in the infrared but showed strong bands at 1005 and 1013 cm–1 in the Raman spectrum. The 2 mode also showed strong bands in the Raman spectrum at 433, 440, 457, and 480 cm–1 . The 3 mode is characterized by a complex set of bands in both infrared and Raman spectra around 1150 cm–1 , whereas 4 is found at 650 cm–1.