1000 resultados para Producció de llet


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This paper explores the factors that determine firm’s R&D cooperation with different partners, paying special attention on the role of tertiary education (degree and PhDs level) in facilitating the connection between the firms and the to scientific bodies (technology centres, public research centres and universities). Here, we attempt to answer two questions. First, are innovative firms that carry out internal and external R&D activities more likely to cooperate on R&D projects with other partners? Second, do Spanish innovative firms with a high participation of researchers with degrees or PhDs tend to cooperate more with scientific partners? To answer both questions we apply a three-dimensional approach on a firm level Panel Data with a sample of 4.998 manufacturing and services Spanish firms. First, we run a complementary test between external R&D acquisition and skilled research workers and find that firms which carry out external R&D activities obtain a greater return on R&D cooperation when they have skilled workers in R&D, especially in high-tech manufactures and KIS services. Second, we carry out a 2-step tobit model to estimate, in the first stage, the determinants that explain whether Spanish innovative firms cooperate or not; and in the second stage the factors that affect the choice of partners. And third, we apply an ordered probit model to test the marginal effects of explanatory variables on the different partners. Here we contrast some of the most interesting empirical hypotheses of previous studies, and which emphasize the role of employees with degrees and PhDs in facilitating cooperative R&D between firms and scientific partners.

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How do monopolistically competitive industries react to shocks in the context of a New Keynesian macro model? I bridge macroeconomics and trade theory by considering market dynamics. I use an analytically tractable closed-economy model with endogenous entry of firms and show the implications of markets structure for the transmission of real shocks on aggregate variables and welfare. Shock sources become crucial for the results: traditional productivity shocks cause an extensive effect on production; shocks on innovation cause an intensive impact. More patient populations bring the economy to a richer market, although it cushions the extensive effect after an innovation shock.

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L'objectiu d’aquesta fitxa tècnica és la difusió de la metodologia Anàlisi de Cicle de Vida, ACV, com a mètode per avaluar ambientalment l’agricultura ecològica, detectar els punts febles i aportar alternatives. Els estudis d’ACV utilitzen la metodologia proposada per les normatives ISO (ISO-14040, 2006; ISO-14044, 2006). Els estudis previs que l’han aplicat avalen la metodologia, mostrant que l’eina ACV reuneix les característiques d’objectivitat i transparència per a l’estudi de l’impacte ambiental de la producció agrària ecològica. Existeixen, però, aspectes metodològics poc desenvolupats que requeriran de futura recerca i que resumim en aquesta fitxa. Aspectes principalment relacionats amb la necessitat de bases de dades locals per una correcta realització dels inventaris i consens en les metodologies per anàlisis d’impactes relacionats principalment amb l’ús del sòl, biodiversitat i toxicitat.

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Embarcarse en la aventura de componer una ópera y llegar a materializarla con los mínimos recursos requiere de mucha imaginación e ilusión, de un trabajo constante y meditado, de un buen equipo de colaboradores, de fe ciega en que todo acabará funcionando y de lo más básico: un buen libreto. La serva padrona de Pergolesi nos demuestra cómo una historia sencilla y de recursos austeros puede llegar a ser tan tremendamente fresca, divertida y entretenida. Este intermezzo representará el punto de partida de una creación en la que la escena teatral y el discurso musical se fundirán de manera indivisible. Al fin y al cabo, la creación de una ópera supone asimilar desde buen principio que en ella convergen diferentes artes de índole muy diversa. Conseguir trabajar dentro de este marco de encuentro multidisciplinar es un privilegio que, sin duda, se debe aprovechar.

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El cirerer (Prunus avium L.) és una espècie ben coneguda per la seva producció fruitera i pel valor de la seva fusta. Per al primer objectiu, l’obtenció de cirera, la selecció genètica de varietats ha estat des de l’antiguitat ben activa i aquesta producció s’ha localitzat sempre dins d’un context agrícola, sobre terres agràries. En canvi, per a l’obtenció de fusta s’ha recorregut tradicionalment als ambients forestals amb l’extracció d’arbres no sotmesos ni a selecció ni a una silvicultura específiques, derivant actualment en una escassetat de peus amb bones característiques fustaneres.

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This paper analyses whether a firm’s absorptive capacity and its distance from the technological frontier affect the choice between innovation and imitation in innovative Spanish firms. From an extensive survey of 5,575 firms during the 2004-2009 period, we found two significant results. With regard to the role of absorptive capacity, the empirical evidence shows that when innovative firms have difficulties in accessing external information and hire skilled workers, their innovative capacity is reduced. Meanwhile, with regard to distance from the technological frontier, the firms that reduce this gap manage to increase their innovative capacity at the expense of imitation. To summarise, when we studied firms’ absorptive capacity and their relative position to the technological frontier in tandem, we found that the two factors directly affected firms' ability to innovate or imitate.

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La fertilització dels cultius es basa en aportar al sòl els nutrients (dosi i moment adequat) que permetin obtenir la màxima producció, minimitzant les afeccions al medi i complint la legislació vigent. En cultius extensius es poden aportar nutrients en fons (pre-sembra) i/o cobertora ( cultiu en creixement). En cobertora, l’eficiència és major en estar proper el moment de màximes necessitats.

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Les bases neurals del processament sintàctic del gènere no han estat gairebé estudiades. En aquest estudi hem utilitzat el mapeig cerebral, durant la cirurgia de gliomes cerebrals per a estudiar les estructures cortico-subcorticals implicades en el processament del gènere i determinar si aquestes són comunes a altres àrees de la producció del llenguatge. Amb l’estimulació cerebral directa hem observat alteracions sintàctiques del gènere, al estimular la circumvolució frontal inferior, la part posterior circumvolució temporal mitja, i en el nucli caudat. També hem pogut observar, una doble dissociació entre el gènere gramatical i la producció de la paraula, corroborant les teories d’un model independent en la producció del llenguatge.

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La Unitat Experimental de la Terra Alta (IRTA – INCAVI) acull diverses parcel·les experimentals basades en els tres conreus més importants de la Terra Alta: vinya, ametller i olivera. La jornada que us proposem enguany fa un èmfasi especial en els dos conreus típics de la fructicultura mediterrània (olivera i ametller), comptant amb la presència dels investigadors de l’IRTA: Joan Tous (nous models de producció en olivera) i Francisco Vargas (varietats d’ametller IRTA). Finalment, els assistents que així ho desitgin podran visitar, com cada any, els diferents assajos que tenim establerts en els tres conreus assenyalats.

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Objectius: . Descriure l’epidemiologia de les PBE del nostre hospital. Material i Mètodes: S’analitzen les característiques de les PBE diagnosticades entre 2007-2010. Resultats: S’identificaren 44 episodis (73% extrahospitalàries). La taxa de cultius positius fou del 52% (52%BGN; 34%CGP). S’observà : 18% d’Escherichia coli amb resistència a quinolones; 57% de Klebsiella spp BLEA. Aparegué insuficiència renal en un 20%. La mortalitat fou del 27%. Conclusions: No s’observà una major proporció de CGP en el grup nosocomial. La resistència a quinolones i la producció de BLEA és inferior a la reportada. La mortalitat fou superior en el grup nosocomial.

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The goal of this project was the historical study of Patagonia, the southernmost human settled area of the world. Our aim has been the anlysis of those societies to understand how they maintained their socioeconomic system, that is to say, how social reproduction allowed resolving the basic contradiction between production and reproduction, which is characteristic of all hunter-gatherer societies. New computational technologies have allowed a bettwer integration of the big amount and diversity of data needed. We have analyzed the historical evolution of inter-group and intra-group social relationships among nomad patagonian societies. We have compared different social answers in front of the radical change of their immediate reality produced by european colonization. We have exhaustively analyzed the results of archaeological excavations from diferent regions. We have also integrated information from anthropology, ethnohistory and geography. We are developing computing programs to integrate geographical actual data with paleoenvironmental data about the dynamic nature of soil formation, vegetation, hidrography, etc., with information about the history of productive action and how products were distributed among different human groups.

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This paper identifies and then quantifies econometrically the impact of leniency programs on the perception of the effectiveness of antitrust policies using country level panel data for a 10-year span. Leniency programs have been introduced gradually in antitrust legislation across the globe to fight more effectively against cartels. We use the dynamics of the diffusion of such policy innovation across countries and over time to evaluate the impact of the program. We find that leniency programs have had a significant impact on the perception among the business community of the effectiveness of each country‟s antitrust policy. Leniency programs have become weapons of mass dissuasion in the hands of antitrust enforcers against the more damaging forms of explicit collusion among rival firms in the market place.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of pork value chains in Catalonia, Spain and Manitoba, Canada. Intensive hog production models were implemented in Catalonia in the 1960s as a result of agriculture crises and fostered by feedstuffs factories. The expansion of the hog sector in Manitoba is more recent (in the 1990s) and brought about in large part by the opening of the Maple Leaf Meats processing plant in Brandon, Manitoba. This plant is capable of processing 90,000 hogs per week. Both hog production models ‐ the ‘older’ one in Catalonia (Spain) and the ‘newer’ in Manitoba‐ have been, until recently, examples of success. Inventories and production have been increasing substantially and both regions have proven to have great export potential. Recently, however, tensions have been developing with the hog production models of both regions, particularly as they relate to environmental concerns. The purpose of the paper is to compare the value chains with respect to their origins (e.g. supply a growing demand for pork, ensure farm profitability) and present states (e.g. environmental concerns, profitability). Keywords: pork value chain, hog farms, agri‐food studies. JEL: Q10, Q13, O57

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This article examines the governance structures for managing the location and operation of Intensive Livestock Farming Operations (ILFOs). The article focuses on the hog sector and compares two very different jurisdictions: the Province of Manitoba, Canada and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain. Both are regions that have witnessed recent increases in hog production, including increasing spatial concentration of ILFOs and increasing size of those ILFOs. Policy has both fostered and sought to manage the increased production. Following a brief background description of restructuring, the changing legislative framework for Manitoba and Catalonia are described. Keywords: environmental regulations, hog farms, manure management, animal feeding operations. JEL: Q15, Q58, R52, O57