Colour Removal From Dye-House Efiluents Using Zero-Valent iron and Fenton Oxidation

This thesis Entitled Colour removal from dye house effluents using zero valent iron and fenton oxidation.Findings reported on kinetic profile during oxidation of dyes with Fenton’s reagent are in good agreement with observations of earlier workers on other organic substrates. This work goes a step further. Critical concentration of the dye at which the reaction mechanism undergoes transition has been identified.The oxidation of Reactive Yellow showed that the initial rates for decolorization increased linearly with an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration over the range studied. Fenton oxidation of all dyes except Methylene Blue showed that the initial rates increased linearly with an in the ferrous sulphate concentration. This increase was observed only up to an optimum concentration beyond which further increase resulted in a decrease in the initial rates. Variation of initial rates with Ferrous sulphate concentration resulted in a linear plot passing through the origin indicating that the reaction is first order with respect to ferrous sulphate.

Helium in polygonal nanopores at zero temperature: Density functional theory calculations

We investigate adsorption of helium in nanoscopic polygonal pores at zero temperature using a finite-range density functional theory. The adsorption potential is computed by means of a technique denoted as the elementary source method. We analyze a rhombic pore with Cs walls, where we show the existence of multiple interfacial configurations at some linear densities, which correspond to metastable states. Shape transitions and hysterectic loops appear in patterns which are richer and more complex than in a cylindrical tube with the same transverse area.

Normalization factors for magnetic relaxation of small particle systems in non-zero magnetic field.

We critically discuss relaxation experiments in magnetic systems that can be characterized in terms of an energy barrier distribution, showing that proper normalization of the relaxation data is needed whenever curves corresponding to different temperatures are to be compared. We show how these normalization factors can be obtained from experimental data by using the Tln (t/t0) scaling method without making any assumptions about the nature of the energy barrier distribution. The validity of the procedure is tested using a ferrofluid of Fe3O4 particles.

Development of Zero Water Exchange Shrimp Culture System Integrated With Bioremediation of Detritus and Ammonia- Nitrogen

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food sectors in the world. Amongst the various branches of aquaculture, shrimp culture has expanded rapidly across the globe because of its faster growth rate, short culture period, high export value and demand in the International market. Indian shrimp farming has experienced phenomenal development over the decades due to its excellent commercial viability. Farmers have adopted a number of innovative technologies to improve the production and to maximize the returns per unit area. The culture methods adopted can be classified in to extensive, modified extensive and semi intensive based on the management strategies adopted in terms of pond size, stocking density, feeding and environmental control. In all these systems water exchanges through the natural tidal effects, or pump fed either from creek or from estuaries is a common practice. In all the cases, the systems are prone to epizootics due to the pathogen introduction through the incoming water, either brought by vectors, reservoir hosts, infected tissue debris and free pathogens themselves. In this scenario, measures to prevent the introduction of pathogen have become a necessity to protect the crop from the onslaught of diseases as well as to prevent the discharge of waste water in to the culture environment.The present thesis deals with Standardization of bioremediation technology for zero water exchange shrimp culture system

Design and Analysis of Zero Cogging Brushless DC Motor for Spacecraft Applications

This paper presents the optimal design of a sur- face mounted permanent magnet Brushless DC mo- tor (PMBLDC) meant for spacecraft applications. The spacecraft applications requires the choice of a torques motor with high torque density, minimum cogging torque, better positional stability and high torque to inertia ratio. Performance of two types of machine con¯gurations viz Slotted PMBLDC and Slotless PMBLDC with halbach array are compared with the help of analytical and FE methods. It is found that unlike a Slotted PMBLDC motor, the Slotless type with halbach array develops zero cogging torque without reduction in the developed torque. Moreover, the machine being coreless provides high torque to inertia ratio and zero magnetic stiction

The Brazilian Zero Hunger social program implications in achieving sustainable development

This article aims to analyse the progress taken by Brazil towards the accomplishment of a sustainable development, mainly highlighting the success of the Zero Hunger social programme in achieving the elimination of starvation. As one of the essential pillars to the sustainable development, the State’s social performance demands actions directed to the elimination of extreme poverty and hunger, establishing a basis for equitable growth. It is necessary to clarify the juridical and constitutional framework of Brazil, aiming to emphasise the Zero Hunger importance in achieving the Brazilian Republic’s goals and reaching an international pattern on sustainable development. Also, it will be stressed that the international order influences Brazilian domestic law and is one of the main aspects for the Zero Hunger program development.

Asymptotically Zero Energy Computing Using Split-Level Charge Recovery Logic

The dynamic power requirement of CMOS circuits is rapidly becoming a major concern in the design of personal information systems and large computers. In this work we present a number of new CMOS logic families, Charge Recovery Logic (CRL) as well as the much improved Split-Level Charge Recovery Logic (SCRL), within which the transfer of charge between the nodes occurs quasistatically. Operating quasistatically, these logic families have an energy dissipation that drops linearly with operating frequency, i.e., their power consumption drops quadratically with operating frequency as opposed to the linear drop of conventional CMOS. The circuit techniques in these new families rely on constructing an explicitly reversible pipelined logic gate, where the information necessary to recover the energy used to compute a value is provided by computing its logical inverse. Information necessary to uncompute the inverse is available from the subsequent inverse logic stage. We demonstrate the low energy operation of SCRL by presenting the results from the testing of the first fully quasistatic 8 x 8 multiplier chip (SCRL-1) employing SCRL circuit techniques.

Possible solution of some essential zero problems in compositional data analysis

One of the tantalising remaining problems in compositional data analysis lies in how to deal with data sets in which there are components which are essential zeros. By an essential zero we mean a component which is truly zero, not something recorded as zero simply because the experimental design or the measuring instrument has not been sufficiently sensitive to detect a trace of the part. Such essential zeros occur in many compositional situations, such as household budget patterns, time budgets, palaeontological zonation studies, ecological abundance studies. Devices such as nonzero replacement and amalgamation are almost invariably ad hoc and unsuccessful in such situations. From consideration of such examples it seems sensible to build up a model in two stages, the first determining where the zeros will occur and the second how the unit available is distributed among the non-zero parts. In this paper we suggest two such models, an independent binomial conditional logistic normal model and a hierarchical dependent binomial conditional logistic normal model. The compositional data in such modelling consist of an incidence matrix and a conditional compositional matrix. Interesting statistical problems arise, such as the question of estimability of parameters, the nature of the computational process for the estimation of both the incidence and compositional parameters caused by the complexity of the subcompositional structure, the formation of meaningful hypotheses, and the devising of suitable testing methodology within a lattice of such essential zero-compositional hypotheses. The methodology is illustrated by application to both simulated and real compositional data

A tale of two logits, compositional data analysis and zero observations

The application of compositional data analysis through log ratio trans- formations corresponds to a multinomial logit model for the shares themselves. This model is characterized by the property of Independence of Irrelevant Alter- natives (IIA). IIA states that the odds ratio in this case the ratio of shares is invariant to the addition or deletion of outcomes to the problem. It is exactly this invariance of the ratio that underlies the commonly used zero replacement procedure in compositional data analysis. In this paper we investigate using the nested logit model that does not embody IIA and an associated zero replacement procedure and compare its performance with that of the more usual approach of using the multinomial logit model. Our comparisons exploit a data set that com- bines voting data by electoral division with corresponding census data for each division for the 2001 Federal election in Australia

When zero doesn't mean it and other geomathematical mischief

There is almost not a case in exploration geology, where the studied data doesn’t includes below detection limits and/or zero values, and since most of the geological data responds to lognormal distributions, these “zero data” represent a mathematical challenge for the interpretation. We need to start by recognizing that there are zero values in geology. For example the amount of quartz in a foyaite (nepheline syenite) is zero, since quartz cannot co-exists with nepheline. Another common essential zero is a North azimuth, however we can always change that zero for the value of 360°. These are known as “Essential zeros”, but what can we do with “Rounded zeros” that are the result of below the detection limit of the equipment? Amalgamation, e.g. adding Na2O and K2O, as total alkalis is a solution, but sometimes we need to differentiate between a sodic and a potassic alteration. Pre-classification into groups requires a good knowledge of the distribution of the data and the geochemical characteristics of the groups which is not always available. Considering the zero values equal to the limit of detection of the used equipment will generate spurious distributions, especially in ternary diagrams. Same situation will occur if we replace the zero values by a small amount using non-parametric or parametric techniques (imputation). The method that we are proposing takes into consideration the well known relationships between some elements. For example, in copper porphyry deposits, there is always a good direct correlation between the copper values and the molybdenum ones, but while copper will always be above the limit of detection, many of the molybdenum values will be “rounded zeros”. So, we will take the lower quartile of the real molybdenum values and establish a regression equation with copper, and then we will estimate the “rounded” zero values of molybdenum by their corresponding copper values. The method could be applied to any type of data, provided we establish first their correlation dependency. One of the main advantages of this method is that we do not obtain a fixed value for the “rounded zeros”, but one that depends on the value of the other variable. Key words: compositional data analysis, treatment of zeros, essential zeros, rounded zeros, correlation dependency

Bayesian tools for zero counts in compositional data

The log-ratio methodology makes available powerful tools for analyzing compositional data. Nevertheless, the use of this methodology is only possible for those data sets without null values. Consequently, in those data sets where the zeros are present, a previous treatment becomes necessary. Last advances in the treatment of compositional zeros have been centered especially in the zeros of structural nature and in the rounded zeros. These tools do not contemplate the particular case of count compositional data sets with null values. In this work we deal with \count zeros" and we introduce a treatment based on a mixed Bayesian-multiplicative estimation. We use the Dirichlet probability distribution as a prior and we estimate the posterior probabilities. Then we apply a multiplicative modi¯cation for the non-zero values. We present a case study where this new methodology is applied. Key words: count data, multiplicative replacement, composition, log-ratio analysis

Planificación de la carga de trabajo del alumno en los nuevos planes de estudios de las titulaciones de ingeniería

La creación de un Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior no se restringe al ámbito de la organización de los títulos sino que pretende además superar el actual planteamiento docente universitario, conectándolo con las competencias, es decir las habilidades, destrezas, capacidades y actitudes que necesita cada profesional. Cuando el estudiante actual finaliza sus estudios debe acreditar unas cualidades no potenciadas directamente en su periodo universitario. Este tipo de competencias transversales son intrínsecas a la personalidad del individuo y lo dotan para afrontar diferentes situaciones y ser capaz de solventarlas. Así, parece lógica una revisión del sistema de enseñanza, tomando como origen de la misma su objetivo, el aprendizaje. Por otra parte el EEES también plantea una organización de las metodologías y actividades formativas, tanto presenciales como no, de modo que el estudiante medio desarrolle una carga de trabajo lógica y proporcionada al tiempo disponible. Uno de los retos que plantea este nuevo sistema es el de conseguir métodos de enseñanza ajustados al tiempo disponible, de modo que el estudiante medio pueda alcanzar los objetivos fijados. Entre estos objetivos debe estar el de aproximar la duración real de los estudios y su duración teórica. La herramienta de trabajo propuesta por el EEES es el crédito ECTS (European Credit Transfer System). El valor de un crédito ECTS es de 25 a 30 horas de trabajo global del alumno, considerándose que en un curso académico (60 créditos ECTS) el alumno debe emplear de 1500 a 1800 horas de trabajo. Con el objeto de cuantificar la carga de trabajo del alumno se realizaron encuestas en todas las titulaciones de la Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Civil (EUITC). Se pretendía obtener la documentación necesaria para conocer si el tiempo que emplea un alumno para superar una asignatura de los planes de estudio actuales está dentro de los valores que el EEES ha previsto. El objetivo de este artículo es comparar los resultados obtenidos y establecer debilidades y fortalezas de las nuevas metodologías de enseñanza. Los resultados han mostrado que la planificación de la carga de trabajo del alumno es actualmente inexistente y que la ausencia de coordinación entre las diversas asignaturas que configuran una materia da lugar a un desarrollo incompleto de las competencias que debe asimilar el alumno. Esto da lugar a que el número de horas totales para superar un curso sea de media, entre un 18,33% y un 42,01% superiores a lo que el EEES establece

A vueltas con el error de Otelo : aplicación del modelo de control de fuentes a la credibilidad del testimonio y su afectación por la carga emocional.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Estudio sistémico del sector de transporte terrestre de carga en Colombia - Caso Servientrega S.A

Las organizaciones que componen los distintos sectores productivos en Colombia contribuyen, en mayor o en menor medida, a la economía del país y de ellos depende la solidez con que este se muestre ante las demás naciones. Empresas como Servientrega, perteneciente al sector de transporte terrestre de carga, es un claro ejemplo de cómo se deben aprovechar las oportunidades convertir las ventajas competitivas en objetivos de negocio con el fin de fidelizar la marca y ganar participación en el mercado. Por medio de un Análisis Estructural de Sectores Estratégicos (AESE) y un Estudio de Prospectiva se comprueba los nichos de mercado que faltan por explorar y cuál es el escenario más conveniente para llevar a cabo sus estrategias.

Determinación de la carga física de trabajo mediante pulsometría en una planta de coque en el municipio de Cucunubá, Cundinamarca

El trabajo exige en el individuo una serie de esfuerzos fisiológicos que implican el uso de los componentes del sistema osteo-muscular, cardiovascular y metabólico, definiéndose así la carga física de trabajo. El objetivo fue determinar la respuesta fisiológica a la exposición a calor y carga física en trabajadores operadores de hornos de coquería. El estudio se realizó en once trabajadores expuestos a carga física y a calor en hornos de coquería. Se realizó la medición de capacidad máxima de trabajo (VO2máx), medición de consumo calórico y respuesta cardiovascular a la carga térmica y medición de niveles de hidratación. No obstante de su alta capacidad de trabajo y desempeño físico de los horneros, el trabajo de deshorne se califica como extremadamente duro muy duro o intenso. Se recomienda intervenir tecnológicamente el sistema de trabajo de deshorne mediante mecanización de las tareas.