Misallocation of capital in a model of endogenous financial intermediation and insurance

In this paper we analyze productivity and welfare losses from capital misallocation in a general equilibrium model of occupational choice and endogenous financial intermediation. We study the effects of borrowing and lending, insurance, and risk sharing on the optimal allocation of resources. We find that financial markets together with general equilibrium effects have large impact on entrepreneurs' entry and firm-size decisions. Efficiency gains are increasing in the quality of financial markets, particularly in their ability to alleviate a financing constraint by providing insurance against idiosyncratic risk.

Dental Treatment Services Scheme (DTSS) - Service Utilisation and Treatment Need (Lot 9)

Dental Treatment Services Scheme (DTSS) – Service Utilisation and Treatment Need (Lot 9) Since 2002, following agreement between the Department of Health and Children and the GMS Payments Board, data from the DTSS payments database has been transferred routinely to the Oral Health Services Research Centre (OHSRC), in University College, Cork for analysis. Queries have been developed in the OHSRC to provide individual level data on the treatments provided to patients, such as examinations, extractions, fillings, scale and polish, removal/amputation of roots, root treatment (upper and lower anterior teeth), radiographs, partial dentures and full dentures, and also data on the characteristics of the dentist providing services. Click here to download PDF 2.4mb

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Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships

Ireland, as a small, open European economy, relies fundamentally on international engagement. An internationalised education system in Ireland has a crucial role to play in maintaining Ireland’s international profile and attractiveness by educating the next generation of leaders, entrepreneurs and decision-makers in our partner-countries, by giving our own students the intercultural expertise demanded in the global economy, and by enhancing the direct link with Ireland for members of our global diaspora who choose to come home to study. The High-Level Group on International Education takes the view that, from a national perspective, the most compelling rationale for internationalisation is investment in future global relationships: with students educated in Ireland who will become our advocates overseas, with educational institutions that will be the research and teaching partners of the future, and with the countries that will be Ireland’s next trading and business partners

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report

Ireland, as a small, open European economy, relies fundamentally on international engagement. An internationalised education system in Ireland has a crucial role to play in maintaining Ireland’s international profile and attractiveness by educating the next generation of leaders, entrepreneurs and decision-makers in our partner-countries, by giving our own students the intercultural expertise demanded in the global economy, and by enhancing the direct link with Ireland for members of our global diaspora who choose to come home to study. The High-Level Group on International Education takes the view that, from a national perspective, the most compelling rationale for internationalisation is investment in future global relationships: with students educated in Ireland who will become our advocates overseas, with educational institutions that will be the research and teaching partners of the future, and with the countries that will be Ireland’s next trading and business partners. Internationalisation also provides a means of enhancing the quality of learning, teaching and research in Ireland and makes a significant contribution to our broader ambition as a global innovation hub.

Jean Jaquet et ses émules obscurs : les sculpteurs d'ornement à Genève au XVIIIe siècle

Un travail consacré à la sculpture d'ornement implique de s'intéresser à un corps de métier qui n'a guère laissé de trace dans l'historiographie, les sculpteurs d'ornement. A Genève, un seul représentant de cette spécialité est passé à la postérité : Jean Jaquet (1754-1839). L'activité de celui-ci, couvrant les dernières décennies du XVIIIe et les premières années du XIXe siècle, apparaît par conséquent comme un moment de perfection de la sculpture d'ornement dans l'histoire de la République. Comment Jaquet, ce simple entrepreneur en décoration, est-il parvenu à acquérir une forme de notoriété et à entrer dans l'histoire de l'art genevoise ? En quoi son parcours professionnel se distingue-t-il de celui des autres sculpteurs d'ornement actifs à Genève au XVIIIe siècle, ses émules obscurs ? Afin de discuter ces questions, j'ai procédé en trois temps.D'abord, il a fallu se donner les moyens de connaître l'arrière-plan socio-professionnel. Un important travail de dépouillement de sources notamment des registres des permissions de séjour accordées par la Chambre des Etrangers - a permis de se faire une idée des rouages de l'entreprise de décoration, de l'activité des ateliers et de leur succession dans le temps. L'étude de la production reste néanmoins problématique. Le corpus de décorations conservées du XVIIIe siècle est en effet mal identifié et l'absence de documentation historique rend périlleuse toute tentative de classement par ateliers ou par tranches chronologiques. En raison de ces lacunes, il n'a pas paru opportun de chercher à présenter une vision globale de la décoration intérieures au XVIIIe siècle à Genève, ni de proposer une nouvelle carte des attributions. La deuxième partie de la thèse suit par conséquent un principe simple. En raison de l'omniprésence de Jaquet dans l'historiographie, elle analyse la manière dont le corpus de ses oeuvres a été constitué au fil des XIXe et XXe siècle. En d'autres termes, elle vise à déconstruire les mécanismes de l'attribution et à interroger la pertinence de ses critères. Une telle démarche permet de redessiner les contours de la production de décoration à Genève et d'en saisir les enjeux. Les ateliers ont-ils chacun leur manière propre - leur style propre ? Celui-ci se fonde-t-il sur l'expression d'une personnalité artistique autonome ? Ou leur production est-elle avant tout déterminée par une demande sociale stéréotypée, fondée sur la reproduction de modèles convenus ? Sans minimiser l'importance de Jaquet dans la décoration genevoise du XVIIIe siècle, ni la qualité de son travail, la deuxième partie de ce travail vise à révéler certaines faiblesses dans le système des attributions. Indirectement, cela permet de se faire une idée de l'apport d'autres entrepreneurs en ornement.Les deux premières parties posent les bases d'un discours critique sur les producteurs et leurs oeuvres. La troisième analyse, du XIXe au XXIe siècle, les modalités de la promotion et de la réception de Jaquet, en d'autres termes la construction de son image. Grâce à son ambition, le sculpteur s'est hissé au-dessus de sa condition. Parmi les entrepreneurs en décoration actifs à Genève, il est en effet le seul à avoir séjourné à l'étranger, fréquenté les académies, enseigné le dessin et fait quelques incursions dans le domaine de la sculpture figuriste. Par conséquent, il est aussi le seul à avoir une place dans l'histoire des Beaux-Arts, puis, à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, dans celle des Arts décoratifs à Genève. Ni artiste de talent universel, ni ouvrier, Jaquet est un représentant de première qualité d'une catégorie professionnelle particulière, composée d'individus auxquels les historiens de l'art ne portent qu'un intérêt limité, parce qu'ils sont à la charnière des arts mécaniques et des arts libéraux.

Mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

The vasoconstrictor effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on isolated perfused rat kidney was investigated. H(2)O(2) induced vasoconstriction in the isolated rat kidney in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasoconstrictor effects of H(2)O(2) were completely inhibited by 1200 U/ml catalase. Endothelium-removal potentiated the renal response to H(2)O(2). The H(2)O(2) dose-response curve was not significantly modified by administration of the NO inhibitor L-NAME (10(-4) mol/l), whereas it was increased by the non-specific inhibitor of K+-channels, tetraethylammonium (3.10(-3) mol/l). Separately, removal of extracellular Ca(2+), administration of a mixture of calcium desensitizing agents (nitroprusside, papaverine, and diazoxide), and administration of a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (chelerythrine, 10(-5) mol/l) each significantly attenuated the vasoconstrictor response to H(2)O(2), which was virtually suppressed when they were performed together. The pressor response to H(2)O(2) was not affected by: dimethyl sulfoxide (7.10(-5) mol/l) plus mannitol (3.10(-5) mol/l); intracellular Ca(2+) chelation using BAPTA (10(-5) mol/l); calcium store depletion after repeated doses of phenylephrine (10(-5) g/g kidney); or the presence of indomethacin (10(-5) mol/l), ODYA (2.10(-6) mol/l) or genistein (10(-5) mol/l). We conclude that the vasoconstrictor response to H(2)O(2) in the rat renal vasculature comprises the following components: 1) extracellular calcium influx, 2) activation of PKC, and 3) stimulation of pathways leading to sensitization of contractile elements to calcium. Moreover, a reduced pressor responsiveness to H(2)O(2) in female kidneys was observed.

Genetics and molecular epidemiology of multiple myeloma: the rationale for the IMMEnSE consortium (review).

There is strong evidence suggesting the presence of a genetic component in the aetiology of multiple myeloma (MM). However no genetic risk factors have been unequivocally established so far. To further our understanding of the genetic determinants of MM risk, a promising strategy is to collect a large set of patients in a consortium, as successfully done for other cancers. In this article, we review the main findings in the genetic susceptibility and pharmacogenetics of MM and present the strategy of the IMMEnSE (International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch) consortium in contributing to determine the role of genetic variation in pharmacogenetics and in MM risk.

Bladder cancer documentation of causes: multilingual questionnaire, 'bladder cancer doc'

There is a considerable discrepancy between the number of identified occupational-related bladder cancer cases and the estimated numbers particularly in emerging nations or less developed countries where suitable approaches are less or even not known. Thus, within a project of the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health, a questionnaire of the Dortmund group, applied in different studies, was translated into more than 30 languages (Afrikaans, Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, Georgian, German, Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Korean, Latvian, Malay, Persian (Farsi), Polish, Portuguese, Portuguese/Brazilian, Romanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Spanish, Spanish/Mexican, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese). The bipartite questionnaire asks for relevant medical information in the physician's part and for the occupational history since leaving school in the patient's part. Furthermore, this questionnaire is asking for intensity and frequency of certain occupational and non-occupational risk factors. The literature regarding occupations like painter, hairdresser or miner and exposures like carcinogenic aromatic amines, azo dyes, or combustion products is highlighted. The questionnaire is available on www.ifado.de/BladderCancerDoc.

International regimes as knowledge syndicates? Energy and trends of global governance

El poder de l'Estat i la sobirania tradicional s'està deteriorant de manera constant, sobretot en termes de la provisió de certs béns públics fonamentals. Els Estats, en particular, són incapaços de manejar el coneixement i la informació que és essencial per mantenir la competitivitat i la sostenibilitat en una economia interdependent. Estructures fiables de la governança mundial i la cooperació internacional estan lluny de ser establertes. Energia com a problema a les agendes p dels governs, les empreses privades i la societat civil és un exemple manifest d'aquesta dinàmica.. L'actual sistema de governança mundial d'energia implica accions polítiques disperses per actors divers. L'Agència Internacional de l'Energia té un paper destacat, però està debilitat per la seva composició limitada i basada en el coneixement- epistèmic en lloc del material o executiu. Aquest treball sosté que ni la mida ni nombre de membres disponibles estan dificultant la governabilitat mundial d'energia. Més aviat, l'energia és una sèrie de béns públics que es troben als llimbs, on els estats no poden pagar la seva disposició, així com els diversos interessos impedir l'establiment d'una autoritat internacional. Després de la introducció de la teoria del règim internacional i el concepte de coneixement basats en les comunitats epistèmiques, l'article revisa l'estat actual de la governabilitat de l'energia mundia. A continuació es presenta una comparació d'aquesta estructura amb els règims de govern nacional i regional, d'una banda, i amb règims globals ambientals i de salut, de l'altra

Poland’s adaptation to the CFSP: success or failure?

This paper attempts to analyse the process of Poland’s adaptation to the European Union in the area of CFSP before the enlargement in order to show if such institutional processes might have impact on the present Polish position in the EU’s foreign policy. The first, introductory section sets out the analytical framework of such processes based upon the adaptation concept definition. The second section provides the analysis of Polish predisposition to adapt to the emerging external challenge. The third section is dedicated to the analysis of the institutional relations between Poland and EU paying special attention to the CFSP area. The fourth section discusses the Polish behavior towards different aspects of CFSP cooperation and her positions regarding further development of this area of European integration.

Institutional entrepreneurship and professionalization of the rural development of the sisal region in Brazil

This work analyses the professionalization of rural development in the Brazilian Northeastern region and how this created opportunities for entrepreneurship when the professional practices of funding bodies were transformed in accordance with local reality. This professionalization has its own characteristics, including fluid formats and the rolling out of networks, and it contributes to the theorization and dissemination of certain practices instead of being concentrated in professional associations and formal links with educational institutions. The main implications are commonly related to institutional processes related to professionalization, such as the emergence of certain organizational formats and the dissemination of professional practices that are considered legitimate. An additional consequence was observed in the area of rural development: the ideas and practices disseminated through professionalization were reinterpreted when the local entrepreneurs adapted them to their own thinking and needs.

Entrepreneurial decision-making using the knightian uncertainty approach

The article discusses the behavioral aspects that affect the entrepreneurs' decision making under the Knightian uncertainty approach. Since the profit arising from entrepreneurial activity represents the reward of an immeasurable and subjective risk, it has been hypothesized that innovative entrepreneurs have excessive optimism and confidence, which leads them to invest in high-risk activities. A behavioral model of decision making under uncertainty is used to test the hypothesis of overconfidence. This model is based on Bayesian inference, which allows us to model the assumption that these entrepreneurs are overconfident. We conclude that, under the hypothesis of overconfidence, these entrepreneurs decide to invest, despite the fact that the expected utility model indicates the contrary. This theoretical finding could explain why there are a large number of business failures in the first years of activity.

The ability to innovate in international entrepreneurship

ABSTRACT In this article, the purpose was to analyze the ability to innovate in international entrepreneurship. Thus, a qualitative study of multiple cases was developed. Data was collected mainly by semi-structured interviews with 30 social subjects, and ATLAS.ti software supported content analysis. We observed that the entrepreneurs' innovative actions were focused on the product and production. As a result, it was found that the presence of the ability to innovate was intermittent throughout the internationalization process, except in only one of the companies, where it occurred continuously.