Effect of borohydride as reducing agent on the structures and electrochemical properties of Pt/C catalyst

In this paper, we found that boron deposited on the surface of support when sodium borohydride used as reducing agent during the preparation of Pt/C catalyst. The deposition of boron markedly reduces particle size of Pt, raises electrochemical active surface (EAS) area of catalyst and electrochemical activity for hydrogen evolution or oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with which prepared using other reducing agents (hydrogen and formaldehyde).

合金化程度对炭载Pt-Ru催化剂性能的影响

在含四氢呋喃(THF)的水溶液中,室温下用NaBH4还原H2PtC l6和RuC l3制得Pt-Ru/C催化剂.其Pt-Ru粒子的合金化程度较高,平均粒径较小,相对结晶度较低.因此对甲醇氧化的电催化活性远高于Pt-Ru粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度相似的,而且Pt-Ru合金化程度低的商业化的E-TEK的Pt-Ru/C催化剂,表明Pt-Ru的合金化程度对Pt-Ru/C催化甲醇氧化的电催化活性有很大的影响.

一种制备碳载高合金化Pt-Ru催化剂的方法

提出了在四氢呋喃(THF)和H2O混合溶液中用一般的化学还原法在室温下制备碳载Pt-Ru(Pt-Ru/C)催化剂的新方法。与在纯水中制得的Pt-Ru/C催化剂相比,其Pt-Ru粒子的合金化程度高、平均粒径较小且相对结晶度低,因此,该催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性远高于在纯水中制得的Pt-Ru/C催化剂。高合金化程度的原因是H2PtCl6和RuCl3在THF和H2O混合溶液中的起始还原电位相近。此外,在THF和H2O混合溶液中,THF和H2O的体积比的改变并不影响制得的Pt-Ru/C催化剂中Pt-Ru粒子的合金化程度,但对Pt-Ru粒子的粒径以及相对结晶度有较大影响。

碳纳米管表面修饰程度对碳纳米管载Pt电催化性能的影响

比较了用不同温度的浓HNO3处理的碳纳米管(CNTs)作载体的Pt(Pt/CNTs)对甲醇氧化的电催化活性.结果表明浓HNO3处理使CNTs表面修饰上的含氧基团对CNTs上沉积Pt粒子的平均粒径有较大影响.表面修饰程度适当时,制得的Pt/CNTs中Pt粒子较小,因此,对甲醇氧化的电催化活性较高.而表面修饰程度过大,易使Pt粒子团聚,从而降低Pt/CNTs催化剂对甲醇氧化的电化学活性.

Preparation of multilayer films containing pt nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode and application as an electrocatalyst for dioxygen reduction

In this paper, a simple route for the preparation of Pt nanoparticles is described. PtCl62- and [tetrakis-(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrinato] cobalt (CoTMPyP) were assembled on a 4-aminobenzoic acid modified glassy carbon electrode through the layer-by-layer method. The three-dimensional Pt nanoparticle films are directly formed on an electrode surface by electrochemical reduction of PtCl62- sandwiched between CoTMPyP layers. Regular growth of the multilayer films is monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verifies the constant composition of the multilayer films containing Pt nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy proves that the as-prepared Pt nanoparticles are uniformily distributed with average particle diameters of 6-10 nm. The resulting multilayer films containing Pt nanoparticles on the modified electrode possess catalytic activity for the reduction of dissolved oxygen. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry and rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry confirm that Pt nanoparticle containing films can catalyze an almost four-electron reduction of O-2 to water in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.

Defect formation induced by PAMAM dendrimers on Pt-supported bilayer lipid membranes investigated by electrochemistry

The interaction of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (generations 1-7) with supported bilayer lipid membranes was studied by cyclic votammetry and ac impedance. It is shown that the dendrimers (generations 4-6) can induce defects in the Pt-electrode-supported bilayer lipid membrane. The ability of dendrimers to induce defects was dependent on their shapes and surface charge. The results are consistent with a change in the morphology of the dendrimers from an open, branched structure for generations 1-4 to a closed, increasingly compact surface for generations 5-7.

Pt羰基簇合物途径制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

通过Pt羰基簇合物在N2气氛下于150℃热分解制得了无定形的碳载纳米Pt催化剂.发现甲醇在这种催化剂上氧化的起始电位和峰电位均比在传统的液相还原法制得的Pt/C催化剂上发生了负移,峰电流也有明显的增加,且稳定性好.表明通过Pt羰基簇合物热分解制备Pt/C催化剂是一种较好的制备甲醇氧化电催化剂的方法.

固相反应制备的Pt/C催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性

用固相反应法制备了Pt/C催化剂(Pt/C(s)),并研究了该催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性。XRD和TEM测量表明,Pt/C(s)中Pt的平均粒径为3.8nm,结晶度为2.38,远小于用传统的液相还原方法制得的Pt/C催化剂(Pt/C(1))的平均粒径(8.5nm)和结晶度(5.56)。因此,Pt/C(s)对乙醇的电催化氧化性能远好于液相还原法制得的Pt/C(1)。

胶态Pt/C催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

研究了Pt金属载量为20%的碳载胶态Pt金属催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能,并与E TEK公司同类型催化剂进行了比较。X衍射光谱(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)研究显示在胶态Pt/C催化剂中,Pt粒子的平均粒径为3.8nm,并且具有良好的均一度。电化学研究显示:尽管胶态Pt/C催化剂拥有相对较小的电化学活性面积,但对甲醇的电催化氧化性能却明显优于E TEK公司的Pt/C催化剂,其原因应归结于利用有机溶胶法制得的胶态Pt/C催化剂拥有更合理的平均粒径。

PEMFC催化剂的研究:自制Pt/C电催化剂的性质

研究了一种用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的自制Pt/C电催化剂(标记为THYT-1)的物理化学和电化学性质.将THYT-1电催化剂与E-TEK公司的同类电催化剂的组成、形态及电催化性能进行了比较.单电池测试结果显示,THYT-1的电催化性能优于E-TEK电催化剂.CV测试结果表明CO在这两种电催化剂上的电氧化性能相近;TEM分析表明两种催化剂上Pt晶粒在炭载体上呈均匀分布,平均粒径均为2～3nm;XPS和XRD测试结果表明两种催化剂中Pt主要以金属态存在.这些数据表明THYT-1催化剂的物理化学性质与E-TEK公司的相类似.

PEMFC催化剂的研究:自制抗CO中毒Pt-Ru/C电催化剂的性质

用胶体法制备了抗CO中毒PEMFC阳极Pt Ru/C电催化剂 (标记为THYT 2 ),对比研究了THYT 2与JohnsonMatthey(JM)公司同类品牌Pt Ru/C催化剂的电化学及其它物理化学性能 .结果表明 ,THYT 2电催化剂在甲醇燃料电池和CO/H2(ΦCO=1× 10 -4)的氢氧燃料电池中的电催化行为与JM催化剂相当,但THYT 2在低浓度CO氢气燃料中的电池性能更好 .两种催化剂的其它物理化学性质具有类似性 :XPS分析结果表明THYT 2和JM催化剂中都有三种不同价态的Pt存在 :即金属态Pt(0 )、氧化态Pt(II)和Pt(IV) .HRTEM测试结果表明两种催化剂的粒径处在 2～3nm左右 ,这可能是它们拥有良好电化学性能的主要原因之一 .本文还对催化剂中Pt与Ru组分的分布和相互作用进行了讨论 ,提出了改进Pt Ru/C电催化剂的思路

Methanol tolerant FeTPP-Pt/C Co-catalysts for the electroreduction of oxygen

It was found for the first time that iron tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP)-Pt/C showed the good activity for the electroreduction of oxygen and methanol tolerant ability. Their performances were related to the heat-treatment temperature.