892 resultados para Novos métodos para o estudo de fadiga em tubos


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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

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No início, a avicultura no Brasil era basicamente para subsistência. Durante o período de 1960 a 1980 iniciou-se a integração avícola entre os criadores de frango e agroindústrias. Na década de 1980 passou-se a produzir mais e vender os excedentes, e nesse período a atividade se expandiu para o Sudeste e Sul do país. Por seguinte, começou-se a exportar o frango inteiro e em cortes. Ao longo dos anos, o setor avícola tem se desenvolvido e isso se deve ao desenvolvi- mento tecnológico, passando a incorporar melhoramentos genéticos e nutricionais, novos pro- cessos, novas tecnologias voltadas à produção, instalações e equipamentos, sanidade animal, novos métodos organizacionais e divulgação, sempre buscando atender a demanda, seja interna ou externa. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é descrever as tecnologias existentes na cadeia produtiva do frango de corte no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica, documental com fonte de dados primários e secundários. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de revisão bibliográfica, documental em livros e artigos científicos e a realização de entrevistas com os gestores das empresas líderes no setor. Como resultados foi possível observar nas três empresas que as inovações são incrementais, sendo que a perspectiva no setor é que continue dessa forma, não havendo mudanças radicais.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

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Desde os primórdios da sociedade que o trabalho é encarado como um elemento-chave na vida do Homem, uma vez que lhe permite garantir a sua sobrevivência. Com a globalização de mercados foram surgindo novos métodos e modalidades de trabalho, nomeadamente o trabalho por turnos. Com a presente dissertação pretende-se compreender o impacto resultante da mudança de 35 para 40 horas laborais na qualidade de vida dos enfermeiros. Para o efeito foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e quantitativa sobre a temática da qualidade de vida no período antes e após a mudança de horário das 35 para as 40 horas laborais. O instrumento de recolha de dados utilizado foi o inquérito por questionário da escala de qualidade de vida de Flanagan (EQVF), o qual foi aplicado aos enfermeiros do CHMT, a exercer funções no serviço de medicina 1, que sofreram alterações no seu horário de trabalho (das 35 para 40 horas). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o género feminino se identifica mais com o horário das 35 horas de trabalho do que com o horário das 40 horas de trabalho, assim como a variável que sofreu maior impacto na passagem das 35 para as 40 horas laborais foi o Bem-estar Físico e Material

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Carbide reinforced metallic alloys potentially improve some important mechanical properties required for the overall use of important engineering materials such as steel and nickel. Nevertheless, improved performance is achieved not only by composition enhancement but also by adequate processing techniques, such as novel sintering methods in the case of powder metallurgy. The method minimizes energy losses in addition to providing uniform heating during sintering. Thus, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the density, hardness, flexural strength, dilatometric behavior and to analyze the microstructure of metal matrix composites based nickel with addition of carbides of tantalum and / or niobium when sintered in a conventional furnace and Plasma assisted debinding and sintering (PADS). Initially, were defineds best parameters of granulation, screening and mixing procedure. After, mixtures of carbonyl Ni and 5%, 10% and 15 wt.% NbC and TaC were prepared in a Y-type mixer under wet conditions during 60 minutes. The mixtures were then dried and granulated using 1.5 wt. % paraffin diluted in hexane. Granulates were cold pressed under 600 MPa. Paraffin was then removed from the pressed pellets during a pre-sintering process carried out in a tubular furnace at 500 °C during 30 min. The heating rate was 3 ºC/min. The pellets were then sintered using either a plasma assisted reactor or a conventional resistive tubular furnace. For both methods, the heating rate was set to 8 ºC/min up to 1150 °C. The holding time was 60 minutes. The microstructure of the sintered samples was evaluated by SEM. Brinell hardness tests were also carried out. The results revealed that higher density and higher hardness values were observed in the plasma-assisted sintered samples. Hardness increased with the concentration of carbides in the Ni-matrix. The flexural strength also increased by adding the carbides. The decline was larger for the sample with addition of 5% 5% TaC and NbC. In general, compositions containing added carbide 10% showed less porous and more uniform distribution of carbides in the nickel matrix microstructural appearance. Thus, both added carbide and plasma sintering improved density, hardness, flexural strength and microstructural appearance of the composites

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A ABCCAN e a raça Canchim; Utilização do touro Canchim em cruzamento comercial; Novos métodos de avaliacao da capacidade reprodutiva de touros; Critérios de seleção para a raça Canchim; Pesquisa na raça Canchim; Terminação do bovino jovem em confinamento; Produção intensiva de carne bovina a pasto.

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O presente trabalho visa a investigar historicamente o uso de droga enquanto objeto de intervenção da Medicina e da Psiquiatria, a partir do início do século XX até os dias atuais, refletindo sobre a articulação e a cooperação entre essas duas instituições, inserindo o problema no panorama geral da questão no Brasil e no mundo. Para atingir esse objetivo, farse-á a análise de documentos produzidos ao longo do período referido nos dois âmbitos: documentos legais e as principais referências da bibliografia psiquiátrica. Assim, o principal foco do estudo é encontrar as convergências e divergências dos processos de medicalização e criminalização do uso de droga, dando especial atenção para o arranjo atual dessa problemática. Após a análise documental, far-se-á um contraponto das informações colhidas na pesquisa com alguns trabalhos genealógicos de Michel Foucault, pensando como este teórico pode ajudar a compreender o surgimento, a evolução e a configuração atual da questão da droga no Brasil.

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Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de otimizar as atividades de gerenciamento no desenvolvimento de novos produtos na AGCO, empresa fabricante de máquinas agrícolas, e em sua cadeia de fornecedores. A engenharia simultânea ou, mais amplamente, o gerenciamento simultâneo de projetos é um sistema para administração de projetos que permite encurtar o tempo de lançamento de um produto e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir os gastos no projeto, atendendo às necessidades dos clientes-alvo. Pesquisadores do Massachussets Institute of Technology (MIT) Womack, Jones e Roos apresentaram em 1990 um estudo de cinco anos visando identificar quais as características desse sistema que contribuíam efetivamente para seu sucesso. Este estudo foi detalhado por Daniel Schrage, do Georgia Institute of Technology, que expandiu as quatro características básicas identificadas (líder forte, trabalho em equipe, comunicação eficiente, desenvolvimento simultâneo com fornecedores). Recentes estudos indicam que, além das conclusões dos estudos acima, três fatores são hoje preponderantes para o sucesso do gerenciamento simultâneo de projetos: comunicação, coordenação e colaboração. Esta pesquisa identifica as técnicas atualmente empregadas na AGCO e seus fornecedores e seus métodos de gerenciamento dos processos e pessoas, propondo ao final uma série de melhorias que permitirão a otimização deste sistema de gerenciamento de novos produtos. A coleta de informações foi feita através de entrevistas e envio de questionários a mais de 80 fornecedores da AGCO. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa nos leva à conclusão de que a AGCO e seus fornecedores podem aperfeiçoar seu sistema de gerenciamento de projetos, principalmente no item coordenação dos grupos técnicos e nas técnicas empregadas para avaliação de performance dos produtos. A aplicação dos métodos de desenvolvimento, e o envolvimento das pessoas estão em um patamar superior de performance.

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Shrimp farming is one of the activities that contribute most to the growth of global aquaculture. However, this business has undergone significant economic losses due to the onset of viral diseases such as Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN). The IMN is already widespread throughout Northeastern Brazil and affects other countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The main symptom of disease is myonecrosis, which consists of necrosis of striated muscles of the abdomen and cephalothorax of shrimp. The IMN is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), a non-enveloped virus which has protrusions along its capsid. The viral genome consists of a single molecule of double-stranded RNA and has two Open Reading Frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes the major capsid protein (MCP) and a potential RNA binding protein (RBP). ORF2 encodes a probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and classifies IMNV in Totiviridae family. Thus, the objective of this research was study the IMNV complete genome and encoded proteins in order to develop a system differentiate virus isolates based on polymorphisms presence. The phylogenetic relationship among some totivirus was investigated and showed a new group to IMNV within Totiviridae family. Two new genomes were sequenced, analyzed and compared to two other genomes already deposited in GenBank. The new genomes were more similar to each other than those already described. Conserved and variable regions of the genome were identified through similarity graphs and alignments using the four IMNV sequences. This analyze allowed mapping of polymorphic sites and revealed that the most variable region of the genome is in the first half of ORF1, which coincides with the regions that possibly encode the viral protrusion, while the most stable regions of the genome were found in conserved domains of proteins that interact with RNA. Moreover, secondary structures were predicted for all proteins using various softwares and protein structural models were calculated using threading and ab initio modeling approaches. From these analyses was possible to observe that the IMNV proteins have motifs and shapes similar to proteins of other totiviruses and new possible protein functions have been proposed. The genome and proteins study was essential for development of a PCR-based detection system able to discriminate the four IMNV isolates based on the presence of polymorphic sites

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As arterial hypertension can be diagnosed by different methods, among which are the traditional auscultatory instrument and the automated oscillometric monitor, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of these instruments, to evaluate the reliability of the digital oscillometer. The sample consisted of 40 patients under dental treatment, whose blood pressure measurements were recorded. The measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated in terms of their intraclass correlation coefficients (r). For systolic blood pressure, an excellent level of agreement was found between the instruments, with r=0.93, and for diastolic blood pressure, there was a good level of agreement (r=0.75). It was concluded, from the excellent agreement for systolic blood pressure, that the oscillometric monitor can be recommended for the monitoring of the variations of that pressure in the same individual, while the good agreement obtained in the determination of the diastolic blood pressure indicates that the oscillometric method is reliable. However, new studies need to be carried out for a better understanding of the disagreements that can occur in the diastolic pressure results.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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This work performs a comparative study of fatigue life of riveted lap joints involving classes of drilling which adjustment is made with interference or clearance. For this study, representative specimens of this joints were manufactured with four rivets distributed in two rows. In this context, are presented the test matrix, the methodology employed in performing of the tests, the used mathematical modeling, and that methods that are the basis for the latter are described through the theoretical foundation. Next, are present the results obtained in fatigue tests and images of the region of failure of the specimens. Finally, are present some comments and conclusions related to the results obtained

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This work focuses on a study on the fatigue behavior of a microalloyed steel API 5L X70, used in pipes lines to transport oil and gas. These types of steels have excellent mechanical resistance values and ductility and therefore increased their study driven by increased demand for oil and especially natural gas, which consequently raises the need to build new pipelines to transport these products. The oil extraction units, composed of the risers (pipelines connecting the oil well to the ship), are dimensioned to remain installed for periods of 20 to 30 years in the marine environment, a hostile environment for high pressure, corrosion, low temperatures and the stresses caused by the movement of water and tides. For analysis, the S-N (stress versus number of cycles) curves were obtained from data collected from bodies-of-proof cylindrical longitudinal, transverse and that one removed from the weld area of the pipe, tested in accordance with ASTM E466. Tensile tests were performed for characterizing the mechanical properties of the samples and welded joints, concluded that the values meet the specifications of the standard API 5L. To characterize microstructural material, also metallographic analysis was made of regions of the base metal and the HAZ. The results of fatigue tests demonstrated a higher life for the specimens removed from the longitudinal direction the pipe, followed by those in the transverse direction and, finally, the welded joint. The origins of the fatigue cracks were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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Although thetopic of integrationin product development is widely debated in the literature, there are few studies that address the participation by subsidiaries of multinational and R & D centers around the world in development projects of new products. Focusing on the perception of the Brazilian unit, this paper aims to present and analyze integration practices among subsidiaries, headquarters and R&D centers in product development projects in amultinational high tech company. For this purpose, was conducted an exploratory and qualitative researched operationalized by case study. Among the main results, it was noted collaboration betweenlocals marketing and engineering with the R & D centers, important role of senior management in the Brazilian unit to communicate outcomes of the strategic planning of products andtechnologies established by the headquarters to the subsidiary, the adoption of technological and information mechanisms and the application of methods such as technology roadmap.